• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1971.11a
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• pp.75.1-75.1
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• 1971

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3851-3854
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• 2013

Objective: To explore changes in the serum tumor makers, hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level and their relations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and after intervention. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with NSCLC and 40 healthy individuals undergoing physical examination in our hospital provided the observation and control groups. HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF levels in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) in the observation group before and after intervention and in control group on the day of physical examination, along with serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-speci ic enolase (NSE) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) levels in the observation group with a fully automatic biochemical analyzer. Clinical effects and improvement of life quality in the observation group were also evaluated. Results: The total effective rate and improvement of life quality after treatment in observation group were 30.0% and 32.5%, respectively. Serum HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF levels in the control group were lower than that in observation group (p<0.01), but remarkably elevatedafter intervention (p<0.01). In addition, serum CEA, NSE and SCC levels were apparently lowered by treatment (p<0.01). Serum HIF-$1{\alpha}$ demonstrated a positive relation with VEGF level (p<0.01) and was inversely related with CEA, NSE and SCC levels (p<0.01). Conclusions: Significant correlations exist between marked increase of serum HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF levels and decrease of indexes related to hematological tumor markers in NSCLC patients after intervention.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.398-407
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence and brain wave activity for first-person perspective action observation (1AO) and third-person perspective action observation (3AO) of healthy subjects. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects participated in this study. EEG was simultaneously recorded during the Relax period, the 1AO, and the 3AO, with event-related desynchronization (ERD) and coherence connectivity process calculations for brain wave (alpha, beta and mu) rhythms in relation to the baseline. Results: Participants showed increased coherence in beta wave activity in the frontal and central areas (p<0.05), during the 1AO using right-hand activity. Conversely, the coherence of the alpha wave decreased statistically significantly decreased in the frontocentral and parieto-occipital networks during the observation of the 1AO and the 3AO. The ERD values were larger than 40% for both central regions but were slightly higher for the C4 central region. The high relative power of the alpha wave during 1AO and 3AO was statistically significantly decreased in the frontal, central, parietal, and occipital regions. However, the relative power of the beta wave during 1AO and 3AO was statistically significantly increased in the parietal and occipital regions. Especially during 1AO, the relative power of the beta wave in the C3 area was statistically significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that 1AO and 3AO action observations are relevant to modifications of specific brain wave coherence and ERD values. EEG cortical activity during action observation may contribute to neural reorganization and to adaptive neuroplasticity in clinical intervention.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2014

Purpose: The discovery of mirror neuron system may positively affect functional recovery; therefore, rehabilitation is needed that is practical for use in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of action observation training on upper motor function in people who had suffered strokes. Methods: Three elderly patients with stroke, aged to years, were recruited from a stroke rehabilitation center. A nonconcurrent, multiple baseline subject approach was taken, with an A-B-A treatment single-subject experimental design, and the experiment was conducted for 3 weeks. The action observation training was repeated 5 times in 5 days during the intervention period. The arm function, including WMFT, BBT, and grip and pinch strength, was evaluated in each subject 5 times during the baseline period, the intervention period, and the baseline regression period. Results: The results of the evaluation for each subject were presented as mean values and video graphs. The WMFT scores of 2 subjects were improved during the intervention period in comparison with the baseline period, and this improvement was maintained even during the regression baseline period. The BBT and the grip and pinch strength were not improved. Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest that the action observation training for 5 sessions was effective in improving upper limb function of stroke patients but was not effective in improving hand dexterity or grip and pinch strength.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.140-150
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine learning styles and preferred learning methods of clinical nurses. Method: Data were collected from 735 nurses at one university hospital in Seoul. Learning style inventory, a self-report questionnaire was completed by the subjects. Result: Learning styles of nurses were accommodator 35.9%, diverger 30.4%, converger 18.2%, assimilator 15.5%. Learning styles varied significantly with clinical practice area and academic background. Furthermore, RO(reflective observation) learning mode varied significantly according to the clinical practice area. AC(abstractive conceptualization) learning mode varied significantly with job position. AC and AE(active experimentation) learning modes varied significantly according to the academic background and preferred learning method. Preferred learning methods were lecture 24.8%, clinical practice 23.1%, self-directed learning 21.5%, audiovisual education 16.7%, and group discussion 13.9%. Preferred learning methods varied significantly with learning styles and career. Lecture was preferred in diverger and self-directed learning was preferred in assimilator. Clinical practice was preferred in accommodator and converger. Conclusions: This study suggested that clinical education should be applied to nurses after examining learning styles and preferred learning methods. In conclusion, to identify the nurses' learning styles could be helpful for developing the effective educational skill.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of clinical competency and self-directed learning in nursing students. Method: This study was conducted at two nursing colleges with students in a 2 year undergraduate nursing program. Data were collected from 182 students by means of self reporting questionnaires from October 1 to October 8, 2004. The data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 PC programs using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient. Result: The questionnaire of students' clinical competency consisted of nineteen items based on a five point summated rating scale and was categorized into six subscales by factor analysis. The six subscales are nursing process, major nursing intervention, education for clients, observation and physical examination, and fundamental nursing. The more adaptable to major, the higher clinical competency (F= 3.406, p= .035) and self-directed learning (F= 7.444, p= .001). There was a positive correlation between students' clinical competency and self-directed learning (r= .367, p= .001). Conclusion: we concluded that future research should explore strategies for the development of self-directed learning to improve clinical competency of nursing students.

• Health Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 2018

Background: Unlike traditional quantitative study, this qualitative study is designed to understand and explore the experiences of nursing students's communication in clinical nursing practicum. Methods: Participants were 15 nursing students from a university in Seoul who were selected by purposive sampling. They had been participated in clinical nursing practicum more than one semester. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observation from May 29, 2017 to June 8, 2017. Collected data were analyzed by Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology. Results: As a result, 5 theme clusters were derived as follows: 1) the modeling of communication, 2) treatment as a student nurse, 3) respect as a nurse, 4) trauma after communication, and 5) sympathy in communication. This study identified the desire for nursing professionalism, psychological difficulties as negative emotionality, as well as positive emotionality of nursing students in clinical practicum. Conclusion: We should consider a nursing curriculum to prepare and improve the communication of nursing students before participating in clinical practicum. The concrete and systematic communication education would be useful for nursing students to participate clinical practicum effectively.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.54-59
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognosis (clinical outcomes) of one-stage flapless implant surgery based on success and survival rate and marginal alveolar bone loss. Materials and Methods: Ninety dental implants were placed according flapless surgical procedure in forty-one patients at Hospital between April 2004 and May 2009. The mean age of the patients was 54, and the patients were comprised of 24 men and 17 women. Each patient was investigated radiographically and clinically being with average follow up 49.7 period. Result: Average healing period is 4.45 month (maxilla: 5.31 month, mandible: 3.20 month) after installation and survival rate is 95.7% in this period. The survival rate and success rate at 1 year after function (prosthodontics setting) are 92.4% and 88.0%. At final observation, the survival rate and success rate are 90.2% (maxilla: 89.1%, mandible: 92.9%) and 84.8% (maxilla: 82.8%, mandible: 89.3%). The mean residual alveolar bone resorption at 1-year after function and final observation are 0.8 mm and 1.07 mm. Conclusion: Our study suggest that if appropriate surgical technique with proper patients selection, flapless implants surgery is predictable simple and safety technique.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2007

In the present study, the author investigated to the cytotoxocity in cultured rat hepatocytes of Viscum album lectin. The cytotoxcity effect in Viscum album lectin on the activity of LDH was also investigated. Viscum album lectin significantly increased LDH leakage into medium of hepatocytes treated or untreated with $CCl_4$ (p<0.001). However, Viscum album lectin significantly increased LDH leakage from $CCl_4$-induced hepatocyte (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in LDH levels relative to the control group. Histological observation basically supported the result obtained from LDH assay. The livers of rats challenged with $CCl_4$ produced a marked increased cytoplasmic vacuoles and inflammatory cells in number, while the number of necrotic cells and swollen hepatocytes did not change significnatly. Rats administered DMSO alone did not alter the normal hepatic architecture. Histological observation of liver section in rat treated 72 hrs with either Viscum album lectin $CCl_4$-induced liver damage showed number of cytoplasmic vaculoe and necrotic cell. The number of inflammatory cell increased markedly. This results suggest to the conclusion that Viscum album lectin has a effect of hepatotoxicity activator.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Pharmaceutical agents are the most common causes of poisoning in Korea. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are commonly used in Korea for the management of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, but are associated with a risk of mortality due to overdose. Due to the frequent fatalities associated with CCB overdose, it is essential that the emergency physician is capable of identifying CCB intoxication, and has the knowledge to manage CCB overdose. This article reviews the existing clinical guidelines, retrospective studies, and systematic reviews on the emergency management of CCB overdose. The following are the varied treatments of CCB overdose currently administered. 1) For asymptomatic patients: observation with enough time and decontamination, if indicated. 2) For symptomatic patients: infusion of calcium salt, high dose insulin therapy, and vasopressor (norepinephrine) or atropine for bradycardia. 3) For patients refractory to the first line therapy or with refractory shock or impending arrest: lipid emulsion therapy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 4) As adjunct therapy: phosphodiesterase inhibitors, glucagon, methylene blue, pacemaker for AV block. Small CCB ingestion is known to be fatal for pediatric patients. Hence, close observation for sufficient time is required.