• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.365-372
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• 2013

Background: Malnutrition of inpatients has been associated with higher morbidity, mortality, cost, and longer hospital stay. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy plays an important role in decreasing morbidity and mortality among critical inpatients in hospitals, and has been commonly used to improve clinical outcomes. However, only a few studies were conducted regarding patients' nutritional improvement by TPN. Method: This study therefore evaluated the changes in nutritional parameters by TPN therapy for early malnourished inpatients. Data from early malnourished inpatients who were treated with TPN therapy between January 2012 and June 2013 at the ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university Hospital were studied retrospectively. Information regarding sex, age, underlying diseases, division, TPN (peripheral and central), and changes in nutritional parameters were collected by reviewing electronic medical records. The criteria for evaluation of the changes in nutritional parameters were included physical marker, body mass index (BMI), and biochemical markers, including albumin (Alb), total lymphocyte count (TLC), and cholesterol. Nutritional parameters were collected three times: pre-TPN, mid-TPN and end-TPN. A total of 149 patients (peripheral, 97; central, 52) was evaluated. Results: In all patients, the malnutrition number was significantly decreased following the complete TPN therapy (peripheral patients, pre-TPN: $3.33{\pm}0.12$, mid-TPN : $3.06{\pm}0.17$, and end-TPN: $2.85{\pm}0.21$ (p < 0.05); central patients, pre-TPN: $3.38{\pm}0.11$, mid-TPN: $3.06{\pm}0.13$, and end-TPN: $2.75{\pm}0.21$ (p < 0.05). The malnutrition number means number of nutrition parameters below normal range of malnutrition. In addition, all of the four nutritional parameters (BMI, Alb, TLC and cholesterol) were increased with duration of TPN periods for all patients, and the changes in the early stage were larger than in the late stage (p < 0.05). The nutritional parameters of non-cancer patients were increased to a greater extent compared to cancer patients with longer TPN therapy, but it was not significant. The nutritional parameters of younger patients (50-60 years) were also increased more than of older patients (70-80 years), but it was not significant. Conclusion: In conclusion, the TPN therapy decreases malnutritional status and improves nutritional parameters in malnourished patients, thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality. The combined evaluation of all four nutritional parameters is more accurate for nutritional assessment than a single one.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2007

Advances in neonatal care have been responsible for the improved survival of prematurity but have not resulted in decreased morbidity. Once the high-risk infants is discharged from the hospital, his or her many special care needs do not cease. A well-coordinated multidisciplinary approach is essential in the follow-up care of these infants. Special attention must be given to their growth and nutrition, immunization, vision and hearing, and sequelae of illnesses experienced during the neonatal period. The role of pediatrician in helping these infants attain their full physical, neurodevelopmental, emotional, and psychosocial potential by providing optimal care is invaluable.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.470-474
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• 2006

Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are the most commonly encountered electrolyte abnormalities in hospitalized patients. Because untreated hypokalemia or hyperkalemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality, it is important to recognize and treat them immediately. Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia can result from disruptions in transcellular homeostasis or in the renal regulation of $K^+$ excretion. Although the recognition is simple, appropriate management requires an understanding of normal $K^+$ homeostasis and pathophysiology. In this article, normal $K^+$ homeostasis, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of hypokalemia and hypokalemia are discussed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.685-690
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• 2005

Recently, twinning rate increases in Korea since the early 1990s by delayed marriage and prevailing of assisted reproductive technology. But twin and higher-order multiples are at increased risk for perinatal and neonatal mortality over 5 fold despite of dramatic improvement of perinatal and neonatal care. Because twins are born more prematurely and have lower birth weights than singleton. In addition, twins are at increased risk for cerebral palsy mainly in monochorionic twins due to co-twin fetal death, twin to twin transfusion and congenital anomaly. So, this article reviews the factors contributing to the mortality and morbidity of the twins and the efforts to decrease the neonatal mortality of twins.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.191-195
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• 2013

Severe childhood asthma is a complicated and heterogeneous disorder with distinct phenotypes. Children with severe asthma have more persistent symptoms despite receiving treatment, more atopy, greater airway obstruction, and more air trapping than those with mild-to-moderate asthma. They also have higher morbidity and substantial airflow limitations that persist throughout adulthood. Identification of the phenotype clusters and endotypes of severe asthma can allow further modulation of the natural history of severe asthma and may provide the pathophysiologic rationale for appropriate management strategies.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.477-480
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• 2010

Advances in research and medical and supportive care have contributed to a growing population of adults formerly treated for childhood cancer. History of cancer and its therapy can have significant life-long health implications. Late effects of cancer therapy can be insidious on onset, occur outside the pediatric age, and contribute to premature morbidity and mortality. In this review, I have focused on the key long-term effects of pediatric cancer therapy, particularly on the metabolic syndrome, including cardiopulmonary complications, infertility, and secondary neoplasm.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.335-339
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• 1994

Combined intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy is rare, occuring 1 in 30,000 pregnancies. The early diagnosis of combined pregnancy is very difficult, and so there is a higher maternal morbidity and fetal loss. Recently the incidence of combined pregnancy is increased. We experienced a case of combined intrauterine and right tubal pregnancy, and this case was presented with a brief review of the literatures.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.400-405
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• 2021

The development of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which features high mortality and morbidity rates, has progressed at an unprecedented rate, and vaccines are currently in use worldwide. Thrombotic events after vaccination are accompanied by thrombocytopenia, and this issue was recently termed vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. This manuscript describes recently published guidelines and other related issues and demonstrates characteristic cases.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.282-288
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• 2017

A variety of complications in endoscopic third ventriculostomy have been reported, including neurovascular injury, hemodynamic alterations, endocrinologic abnormalities, electrolyte imbalances, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, fever and infection. Even though most complications are transient, the overall rate of permanent morbidity is 2.38% and the overall mortality rate is 0.28%. To avoid these serious complications, we should keep in mind potential complications and how to prevent them. Proper decisions with regard to surgical indication, choice of endoscopic entry and trajectory, careful endoscopic procedures with anatomic orientation, bleeding control and tight closure are emphasized for the prevention of complications.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-7
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• 2016

Mucolipidoses II and III alpha/beta (ML II and ML III) are lysosomal disorders in which the essential mannose-6-phosphate recognition marker is not synthesized onto lysosomal hydrolases and other glycoproteins. The disorders are caused by mutations in GNPTAB, which encodes two of three subunits of the heterohexameric enzyme, N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase ML II, recognizable at birth, often causes intrauterine growth impairment and sometimes the prenatal "Pacman" dysplasia. The main postnatal manifestations of ML II include gradual coarsening of neonatally evident craniofacial features, early cessation of statural growth and neuromotor development, dysostosis multiplex and major morbidity by hardening of soft connective tissue about the joints and in the cardiac valves. Fatal outcome occurs often before or in early childhood. ML III with clinical onset rarely detectable before three years of age, progresses slowly with gradual coarsening of the facial features, growth deficiency, dysostosis multiplex, restriction of movement in all joints before or from adolescence, painful gait impairment by prominent hip disease. Cognitive handicap remains minor or absent even in the adult, often wheelchair-bound patient with variable though significantly reduced life expectancy. As yet, there is no cure for individuals affected by these diseases. So, clinical manifestations and conservative treatment is important. This review aimed to highlight the extra-skeletal clinical problems in ML II and III.