• 대한한의학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.96-106
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to research the demographical and gynecologic characteristics, quality of life, and analyze the pattern identification in female patients with cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet. Methods: 112 participants were recruited from May 2018 to April 2019 from three korean medical hospitals. The data was composed of general characteristics, degree of coldness of hands and feet, gynecological questionnaire, score of WHOQOL-BREF and pattern identification. We divided data into 2 groups: The group of patients who meet the criteria for diagnosis of coldness on feet and the group of patients who meet the criteria for diagnosis of coldness on feet and hands. We tried to compare data by groups using Excel 2016 for windows and SPSS for windows (Ver. 23.0). Results: Throughout the study, we found differences between 2 groups in weight, body mass index (BMI), VAS score of cold hypersensitivity on feet, temperature of PC8, ST32, and pattern identification. Conclusions: After the study, we confirmed that even though both groups suffer from cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet, they show clinical differences in each group and differences in pattern identification.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2017

Nocardia species (spp.) are opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. The genus Nocardia contains more than 70 species. Nocardia takedensis has been recently reported as a new species of the genus Nocardia. In this study, we describes the first clinical isolate of N. takedensis from the skin lesion in Busan, Korea. For the identification of clinical isolate to the species level as N. takedensis, classical methods (colony morphology, biochemical characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility), molecular method (16S rRNA gene sequencing), and MS (mass spectrometry) analysis were conducted. Clinical isolates grew slowly on the culture media (5% sheep blood agar and chocolate agar) under 5% $CO_2$ condition. Especially, carotene pigmentation was detected well on the media. Using mass spectrometry, Nocardia isolate was not identified to the species level. However, molecular method based on 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed the isolate as N. takedensis correctly. N. takedensis isolate was partial positive for acid-fast bacilli on the Ziehl-Neelsen method. And it was observed to be resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin. Our results provide useful information to develop optimal identification protocol of N. takedensis in clinical diagnostic laboratories.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.122-152
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was designed to develop a standard tool for pattern identification of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients. Methods: Korean and Chinese literature was selected that mentioned pattern identification of GERD. We gathered the pattern identification and their symptoms and a Chinese medical doctor proficient in Korean translated the Chinese characters into Korean. A Korean linguist then confirmed the translation results to develop a draft of the standard tool for pattern identification of gastroesophageal reflux disease (PIGERD). The final PIGERD was developed after assessment by an expert committee composed of professors from the Korean Medicine University, using the following items: inclusion of the pattern identification and its symptoms, importance of items, and validity of translation. Results: Six pattern identifications and 94 symptoms were selected from 45 references and translated into Korean. Four pattern identifications [pattern/syndrome of liver qi invading the stomach (肝胃不和), spleen-stomach weakness (脾胃虛弱), spleen-stomach dampness-heat (脾胃濕熱), and stomach yin deficiency (胃陰不足)] and 49 symptoms were then selected through the Delphi method by the expert committee. The final standard PIGERD tool was completed after the assessment of translation validity and reflection of individual opinions by the expert committee. This tool consists of 40 items including tongue and pulse diagnosis. The weighted value was also computed from assessment of the importance of items. Conclusions: We developed a standard tool for pattern identification of gastroesophageal reflux disease (PIGERD) to clarify the pattern identification of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease for standardized diagnosis.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.61-79
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• 2021

Objective : The objective of this study was to explore the meaning of "man (滿)" in Shanghanlun through the analysis of four cases. Methods : We analyzed four cases treated with modified Soshiho-tang, which is administered when 滿 aggravates chief complaints. All cases were diagnosed by the disease pattern identification diagnostic system based on the Shanghanlun provisions. Results : All 4 patients' chief complaints were improved after administration of modified Soshiho-tang. Swelling symptoms were reduced in all 4 cases. Through the etymological research and clinical treatment results, the clinical meaning of 滿 was deduced as "swelling." Conclusions : The etymological and clinical analysis suggest that the concept of "滿" may be defined as "swelling" in the Shanghanlun provisions.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.301-318
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a standard tool of pattern identification, which will be applied to clinical research, for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Method: The items and structure of the instrument were based on a review of the published literature in China and Korea. The advisory committee on this study included 11 kidney-endocrine professors of the Korean Medical Colleges Division and 4 Korean medicine doctors who had a doctor's degree in the Kidney-Endocrine Division. The advisory committee was questioned regarding pattern identification importance, symptom weight, treatment importance, changes in the symptoms, rare changes in the symptoms, and frequency of prescriptions regarding benign prostatic hyperplasia. Results: The Korean instrument of pattern identification was completed; it was composed of four questions for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Conclusion: We sincerely look forward to improving the instrument through the continuous clinical studies.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

The study was to investigate the agreement rate between the statistical diagnosis of pattern identification by discriminant analysis and the clinical diagnosis of pattern identification by medical specialist in obese patients with BMI$\geqq$23. The agreement rate of deficiency of the spleen, phlegm-retention, deficiency of Yang, retention of undigested food, stagnation of liver Gi, and blood stagnation are 0.40, 0.33, 0.52, 0.76, 0.71, and 0.66, respectively and accuracy rate and prediction rate using linear discriminant function are 0.59 and 0.61, respectively. Therefore, the complementary management in CRF questionnaires and/or consultation from experts will improve the accuracy and prediction rate, which will be helpful for pattern identification of obesity by clinical experts.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2022

After the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, the national health commission of the people's republic of China distributed guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. Based on that, each region of China made guidelines for traditional Chinese medical treatment of COVID-19 applicable to clinical field. Under the hypothesis that each region's guideline contains regional characteristics, a comparison was made on pattern identification among each region's guidelines and central guidelines. At the beginning of the analysis of the cases, opinions on pattern identification vary from region to region, and the diversity is mainly reflected in the early stage of the disease. When the guideline is organized to a certain level due to the accumulation of clinical cases, there is a strong tendency to enumerate various types of pattern identification. It means that as a specific infectious disease progresses, it can appear in various cases due to variables. In some guidelines, disease stages were analyzed by only a limited pathological mechanism, but no regional characteristics were found here. Rather, it may mean that unique characteristics for disease can be derived.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2017

Fungal infections by human pathogenic fungi are increasing globally in elderly, children and immune suppressed or deficient patients. Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the well-known pathogenic fungi and causes aspergilloses in human world widely. However, current identification and classification methods based on its phenotypic characteristics still have limitations. Therefore, currently, molecular biological tools using their DNA sequences are used for genotype identification and classification. In the present study, in order to analyze genetic variations of A. fumigatus clinical isolates, a total of six housekeeping genes were amplified by PCR using specific primer pairs and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) assay. Results from phylogenetic tree analysis showed that most A. fumigatus strains (88.9%) from respiratory specimens were classified into cluster A and B, and approximately half of A. fumigatus strains (46%) from non-respiratory specimens were classified into cluster C and D. Although the sample size was limited, genetic characteristics of A. fumigatus clinical isolates according to their origins were very similar and well-correlated with other clinical data.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2013

Recently, the isolation rate of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in clinical laboratories and the incidence of NTM infections are on the increase in Korea, but there have been only a few studies that reveal the general aspect of NTM isolation or species distribution. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the species identification by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA, PCR-RFLP), and the clinical significance of mycobacterial cultures. PRA was used during the novel region of the rpoB gene and was developed for rapid and precise identification of mycobacteria to the species level. From January 2012 to April 2012, we examined pre-identified nontuberculous mycobacteria (60 species in 3 hospital of Busan-Kyeongnam area). We confirmed 4 (6.6%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and 56 (93.4%) NTM from 60 pre-identified NTM species by multiplex PCR (MolecuTech $MTB-ID^R$ V3, YD Diagnostics, Korea) and PRA (Myco-ID, YD Diagnostics, Korea). The distribution of 56 NTM species were M. intracellulare type I 15 (26.7%), M. avium 14 (25%), M. abscessus 11 (19.5%), M. kansasii type I 3 (5.4%), M. pulveris 2 (3.6%), M. intracellulare type, M. chelonae, M. kansasii type V, M. gallinarum, M. wolinskyi. Respectively, 1 (1.8%) and 6 (10.7%) species were not identified.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.434-442
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• 2015

The purpose of this review was to survey the Korean Medicine related papers about women with primary dysmenorrhea in order to develop the clinical protocol of the diagnostic medical device. We searched the literature from 2000 through April 2015 using 5 online databases including Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated Sysptem (OASIS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), DataBase Periodical Information Academic (DBpia) and Korean Medical Database (KMBase). We selected papers to meet the following inclusion criteria: the papers involved dysmenorrhea (excluding secondary dysmenorrhea), published papers (excluding textbook, educational materials, conferences, etc.) and the papers matched search keywords or scope, but excluded papers to meet the following exclusion criteria: the duplicative papers, get out of the keywords and scope and not in english or korean language. Finally we found 17 papers and classified the papers according to the three search purposes which were diagnostic tools for evaluating the menstrual pain, dysmenorrhea' pattern identification and menstrual phase. Out of the 16 studies, 4 studies were focused on the diagnostic tools including Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Measurement of Menstrual Pain (MMP) and etc. Other 5 studies were aimed at menstrual phase, and the other 7 studies were studied for pattern identification. The VAS has been widely used in research and in clinical practice for the detection of the menstrual pain. Treatments for patients with primary dysmenorrhea can be prescribed in consideration of their patterns of sasang constitution or body constitution as following: Qi stagnation-Blood deficiency, cold dampness, Qi deficiency-blood deficiency and liver-kidney deficiency etc. This results of research will be used as a useful material during plan a clinical study of primary dysmenorrhea and acquisition of good clinical data.