• 대한간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.162-188
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to guide the direction of the Korean nursing education to analysize ⑴ the philosophy and objectives ⑵ curriculum, and ⑶ educational environment. This analysis is based on the data from 50 nursing schools (14 4-year colleges and 35 3-year colleges) The survey was conducted from Dec. 1986 through Jan. 1987 by mail. 1) Educational philosophy and objectives 10 4-year colleges and 8 3-year college program have curricular philosoph. Most popular curricular philosophies are human beings, health, nursing, nursology, nursing education, nurses role in the present and in the future. 10 nursing schools mentioned that human being is the subject to interact with : environment physically, mentally and socially. 2 schools mentioned that health is the state of functioning well physically, mentally and socially. 13 schools mentioned that the nursing is the dynamic act to maintain and to promote the highest possible level of health. 4 schools mentioned that the nursology is an applied science. 4 schools mentioned that nursing education is the process to induce the behavioural changes based on the individual ability. There is different opinion about the nurses' role between 4-year college and 3-year college. In the responses from 4-year colleges they focus on the leadership in effective changes, self-regulating and self-determining responsibilities, applying the new technology, continuing education, and participation in research to further nursing knowledge. In the responses from 3-year colleges, they focus on the education in college, primary health care nursing, direct care provider and public health education. Among 50 respondents 40 schools have educational goals which can be divided into two categories. One is to establish the moral and the other is to develop the professionalism. 2) Curriculm The analsis of curriculum is only based on the data from the 4-year colleges because the most of 3-year colleges follow the curriculum guideline set by the Ministry of Education. a) Comparison of the credits in cultural subject and in nursing major. The average required credit for graduation is 154.6 and the median credit is the range of 140-149. The average credit of cultural subjects is 43.4. In detail, the average number of credit of required course and elective courses are 24.1 and 19.3 respectively. The average credit for major subject is 111.2. In detail, the average credit for required courses and electives course are 100.9 and 10.4 respectively. In 5 colleges, students are offered even on elective course b) Comparison of the credit by class. The average earned credits are as follows : 41.1 in freshman, 400 in sophormore 38.3 in junior and 32.4 in senior. Cultural subjects are studied in early phases. c) Comparison of the compulsory and elective cultural subject by institute. The range of credit is 7-43 in compulsory cultural subjects and there are lot of differences among institutions. While all respondents require liberal arts as compulsary subjects, few respondents lists social science, natural science and behavioral science as required subjects. Social science-related subjects are frequently chosen as cultural subjects d) Distribution of creditsin cultural subjects by institute. The liberal art subjects are taught in 20 institute. English and physical education courses are taught in all instituions. The social science subjects are taught in 15 colleges and the basic Psycology and the Basic sociology are the most popular subjects. The natural science subjects are taught in 7 colleges and Biology and Chemistry are the most popular subjects among them. e) Distribution of credits in major basic courses by institute. Most of the institutes select Anatomy, Microbiology, Physiology, biochemistry and Pathology as basic major courses. f) Comparison of the required and elective courses for nursing major by institutions. Subjects and credit ranges in major are varing by institute. More than half of the respondents select the following subjects as required major subjects. (1) Adults Health Nursing and Practice (19.5 credits) (2) Mother and Child Care and Practice (8.9 credits) (3) Community Health Care and Practice (8.5 credits) (4) Psychiatric Nursing Care and Practice (8.1 credits) (5) Nursing Management and Practice (3.9 credits) (6) Fundamental of Nursing, Nursing Research and Health Assessment and Practice. Three institutions select Introduction to nursing, Rehabilitation Nursing, School Nursing, Public Health Nursing, Nursing English, Communication, Human Development as electives in nursing major. 3) Educational environment a) Nursing institution There are forty-three 3-year colleges and seventeen 4-year colleges and 81.4% of which are private b) Number of students and faculty 19.2% of the students are in 4-year colleges and 80.8% of the students are in 3-year colleges. In 4-year colleges, the number of nursing faculty members is in the other of assistant professor, instructor and professor. In 3-year colleges, the orderiis lecturer, associate professor, full time instructor and assistant professor. In 4-year colleges, 18.8 students are allocated per nursing faculty and in 3-year colleges, 33.1 students are allocated per nursing faculty. c) Clinical practices 66.7% of the 4-year colleges practice over 1201 hours in clinic and 28.5% of 3-year colleges practice over 1201 hours in clinic. In 4-year colleges, 11.5 students are allocated per nursing faculty and in 3-year colleges,17 students are allocated per nursing faculty The survey shows no difference in the procedure between 4-year colleges and 3-year colleges but 3-year colleges choose the more variety practicing site such as special hospital and community health clinic. d) Audiovisual facilities The survey shows a lot of difference in audiovisual facilities among institution and 3-year colleges are less equipped than 4-year colleges.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권11호
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• pp.1101-1106
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• 2003

목 적 : 미노사이클린이 in vivo 연구에서 뇌보호 효과가 있는것으로 알려져 있어 본 연구에서는 미노사이클린이 저산소 상태로 유발된 백서 뇌세포 배양에서 고사를 억제하는 뇌보호 효과가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 임신 18일된 백서의 대뇌피질 신경세포를 배양하여 정상산소 상태군과 저산소 상태군으로 두 군으로 나누고, 정상산소 상태는 5% $CO_2$ 배양기에, 저산소 상태는 1% $CO_2$ 배양기에서 세포 수를 세면서 수일간 처리하여 현미경하에서 충분한 손상이 있다고 판단되면 두 군을 각각 대조군, 미노사이클린 $1{\mu}g/mL$, $10{\mu}g/mL$로 처리한 군으로 나누어서 실험하였다. TUNEL 및 DAPI 염색으로 세포 고사 상태를 통계학적으로 처리하였다. 결 과: 정상산소 상태군에서 대조군과 미노사이클린 $1{\mu}g/mL$ 투여군, 미노사이클린 $10{\mu}g/mL$ 투여군 3군 모두에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.01). 저산소 상태군에서 대조군과 미노사이클린 투여군에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으나(P<0.01), 미노사이클린 투여군 간에는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 정상산소 상태군과 저산소 상태군간의 대조군과 미노사이클린 $1{\mu}g/mL$ 투여군의 비교에서는 정상산소 상태군이 저산소 상태군보다 평균이 낮아 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.01). 정상산소 상태군과 저산소 상태군간의 미노사이클린 $10{\mu}g/mL$ 투여군의 비교에서는 정상산소 상태군이 저산소 상태군보다 다소 평균이 낮았으나 통계학적으로 유의성은 없었다(P>0.05). 결 론 : 결론적으로 미노사이클린은 고사를 억제하는 기전으로 저 산소 상태나 정상 산소 상태에서 뇌보호 효과가 있었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to determine the effects on the healing of fibular fractures in rabbits of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (50 $mW/cm^2$ and 500 $mW/cm^2$) applied for periods of 4, 14 and 24 days following fibular osteotomy. Thirty-six male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups of twelve for three treatment protocols: (1) ultrasound treatment at intensities of 50 $mW/cm^2$ and 500 $mW/cm^2$ until the 4th day following fibular osteotomy, (2) ultrasound treatment at intensities of 50 $mW/cm^2$ and 500 $mW/cm^2$ until the 14th day following fibular osteotomy, and (3) ultrasound treatment at intensities of 50 $mW/cm^2$ and 500 $mW/cm^2$ until the 24th day following fibular osteotomy. The low-intensity pulsed ultrasound was applied to only one fibula of each rabbit (these served as the experimental group). The other fibula of each rabbit served as the control group. The selection of which fibula was to be treated was made randomly. The animals were sacrificed on the 4th, 14th and 24th day after the start of ultrasound treatments. Percent of trabecular bone area and fibular radiography were carried out to compare the degree of fibular bone healing. A microscope was also used to determine any histologic changes. For statistical differences in radiological changes due to length of treatment period (4, 14 and 24 days respectively), the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used to compare the experimental and control groups. For statistical differences in fracture healing due to differences in ultrasound intensity, radiological studies were compared using the Mann-Whitney Test. And, to compute percentage differences in areas of trabecular bone, Two-way analysis of variance (ultrasound intensity x each group) was used. Experiment results were as follows: 1. In animals sacrificed on the 4th day, no difference was found in the radiological studies of the fibulae in the experimental and control groups (p>.05). However, experimental groups showed more rapid bone repair than control group. 2. Both radiographic and percent of trabecular bone area studies showed significant differences in rabbits sacrificed after 14 days. Fracture healing was significantly increased in the experimental group (p<.05) 3. In the animals sacrificed on the 24th day, histologic study showed rapid bone repair but fibular radiologic studies did not show statistical differences between the two groups (p>.05). 4. On the 14th day, bone union on radiograph was significantly more rapid in the treatment group with pulsed ultrasound of 50 $mW/cm^2$ than the group with 500 $mW/cm^2$ (p<.05). Histologic studies showed that both the 14 and 24 days groups had more rapid bone repair in animals treated with 50 $mW/cm^2$ ultrasound intensity than those treated with 500 $mW/cm^2$ intensity. In conclusion, it has been shown that the low-intensity pulsed ultrasound has a positive effect on bone fracture healing in the early stage and the range of pulse ultrasound from 50 $mW/cm^2$ to 500 $mW/cm^2$ is effective for fracture healing. Further study is needed to investigate the influence of pulsed ultrasound on delayed union and non-union in bone fractures and also for the clinical use of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for bone healing in humans.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.588-593
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• 2009

목 적 : 산소-포도당 박탈(oxygen-glucose deprivation, OGD)에 노출된 신생 흰쥐 해마 절편에서 성장호르몬이 신경 세포 보호 효과가 있는지를 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 배양된 생후 7일된 신생 흰쥐의 해마 절편을 OGD에 60분간 노출 시켰다. 이후 각기 다른 세 용량의 성장 호르몬(5, 50, $500{\mu}M$)을 배양액에 투여하고 OGD 노출 후 12 와 24시간에 해마 절편의 상대적 propidium iodide (PI) uptake와 배양액의 상대적 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 활성도를 측정하여 성장 호르몬 처치군과 성장 호르몬 처치하지 않은 대조군 사이에 비교하였다. 신경 세포의 세포 사멸에 대한 성장호르몬의 효과를 관찰하고자 caspase-3의 면역 형광 염색과 TUNEL 염색을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1) 각기 다른 세 용량의 성장호르몬을 처치한 해마 절편의 CA1과 DG에서 상대적 PI uptake는 처치하지 않은 대조군에 비해 OGD 노출 후 12시간과 24시간에 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 2) 상대적 LDH 활성도는 OGD 노출 후 12시간에만 성장 호르몬을 투여한 군의 배양액에서 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 의미 있게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 3) 성장 호르몬($50{\mu}M$)으로 처치한 해마 절편의 CA1과 DG에서 caspase-3 발현과 TUNEL 양성의 발현은 OGD 노출 후 12와 24시간에 대조군과 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : OGD에 노출된 해마 절편에서 성장호르몬 처치는 확실한 신경세포 보호 효과를 보이지 않았으나 OGD 노출 후 12시간에 배양액으로 LDH 유출을 감소시킬 수 있었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.691-701
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• 2009

Purpose: Deviations of arterial palmar arches in the hand can be explained on the embryological basis. The purpose of this study was to provide new information about palmar arches through cadaver's dissection. The values of the location and diameter in these vessels were analyzed in order to support anatomical research and clinical correlation in the hand. Methods: The present report is based on an analysis of dissections of fifty - three hands carried out in the laboratory of gross anatomy. A reference line was established on the distal wrist crease to serve as the X coordinate and a perpendicular line drawn through the midpoint between middle and ring fingers, which served as the Y coordinate. The coordinates of the x and y values were measured by a digimatic caliper, and statistically analyzed with Student's t - test. Results: Complete superficial palmar archs were seen in 96.2 % of specimens. In the most common type of males, the superficial arch was formed only by the ulnar artery. In the most common type of females, the superficial arch was formed anastomosis between the radial artery and the ulnar artery. The average length of the superficial and deep palmar arch is $110.3{\pm}33.0mm$ and $67.9{\pm}14.0mm$ respectively. Regarding the superficial palmar arch, ulnar artery starts $-16.1{\pm}5.1mm$ on X - line, and $2.5{\pm}24.5mm$ on Y - line. Radial artery appears on palmar side $7.7{\pm}3.2mm$ on X - line, and $20.9{\pm}10.9mm$ on Y - line. But radial artery starts on $6.3{\pm}3.6mm$ on X - line, and $3.4{\pm}5.1mm$ on Y - line. Digital arteries of superficial palmar arch starts on $6.1{\pm}3.7mm$, $33.9{\pm}8.8mm$ on index finger, $1.8{\pm}3.4mm$, $40.1{\pm}7.3mm$ on middle finger, $-3.2{\pm}4.9mm$, $42.6{\pm}7.0mm$ on ring finger, and $-8.9{\pm}5.1mm$, $42.5{\pm}80mm$ on little finger in respective X and Y coordinates. Radial artery of deep palmar arches measured at the palmar side perforating from the dorsum of hand. It's coordinates were $9.7{\pm}4.8mm$ on X - line, $21.7{\pm}10.2mm$ on Y - line. Ulnar artery was measured at hypothenar area, and it's coordinates were $-20.4{\pm}6.3mm$ on X - line, and $30.6{\pm}7.4mm$ on Y - line. Conclusions: Anatomically superficial palmar arch can be divided into a complete and an incomplete type. Each of them can be subdivided into 4 types. The deep palmar arch is less variable than the superficial palmar arch. We believe these values of the study will be used for the vascular surgery of the hand using the endoscope and robot in the future.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1129-1136
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• 2005

The writer reports the conclusions gained from study about the cause of the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome with Dongeuibogam as the central figure through researching the disharmony among Body Essence, Vital Energy, Mentality, and Blood, mutual action of five viscera and six bowels, and external shapes. The hypersensitive large intestine syndrome is generally chronic and recurred in many cases, so it is more efficacious than symptomatic to treat according to find the contradictions of individual shapes. The shapes and cases suffering frequently the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome are Gi-kwa and Sin-kwa, having a long nose, having a bruised spot on Triple warmer, man with inclined mouth, Taeeum type, man with congested fluids, man with colic symptoms. The hypersensitive large intestine syndrome in Oriental medicine is recognized of diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal distention and fullness caused by seven emotions. In Dongeuibogam it can be found out the similarity in depressive symptoms due to disorder of Gi, stagnation of Gi, dysphasia due to disorder of Gi, diarrhea due to disorder of Gi, fullness of due to Gi, diarrhea due to phlegm-retention, retention of undigested food, immoderate drinking, hypo-function of the spleen, or deficiency, abdominal pain from colic symptom, and difficulty in defecation and urination, internal injury, diarrhea due to weakness and fatigue. If the Jung, Gi, Sin, and Hyul composed the human body is broken harmony, the function of large intestinal transmission would be fallen, so similar symptoms like the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome are gotten. Especially Gi-kwa suffers diarrhea, constipation abdominal pain, and abdominal distention and fullness due to depressive symptoms from disorder of Seven emotions or Seven Gi. And Sin-kwa suffers from the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome due to emotional restlessness having an influence on rhythmic movement of abdomen. Examining between five viscera and six bowels and the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome, Liver cannot disperse well having influence on mutual relation of Liver-Large intestine, Heart reduces the function of defecation and urination not to control the seven emotions, Lung having exterior and interior relation with intestine has an influence on primordial energy and let the main symptoms occur, Spleen circulating the body fluid let the main symptoms occur due to malfunction of circulation, Kidney locating in lower part of the body has deep connection with intestine, so let the disorder. Urinary bladder is connected with intestine in moisture metabolism, Stomach is connected in receive and transmission, Small intestine is connected in absorption and excretion, from small intestine pain disturbing the abdominal movement, Samcho managing the catharsis of lower heater if declined its function causes the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome. The colic symptoms of Front private parts which disorder in lower abdomen give rise to abdominal pains, difficulty in defecation and urination due to Cold are similar to the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome. The treatments of applying the shapes of colic syndrome advocated by Master Park can be efficacious cure in clinic. Researching after the clinical cases of Master Park advocating Hyungsang medicine, we came to know that plenty of prescriptions of internal injury are applied and take good effects.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2002

유치에서는 영구치에 비해 법랑질의 두께가 얇고 약하며 상대적으로 큰 치수강으로 인하여 단시간에 치아우식증이 치수까지 이환되며, 외상 또는 치과치료 중 갑작스런 움직임으로 인하여 치수가 노출되는 경우가 빈번하다. 이러한 이유로 어린이에서의 치수처치는 필수적이며, 유치에서 치수치료의 목적은 감염된 치수조직을 제거하여 동통을 완화시키는 것 이외에도 크게는 치열궁을 보존하여 저작기능을 보호하고, 미래의 영구치열이 적절한 교합관계를 이루게 하는데 있다. 유치열에서 성공적인 치수치료를 위해서는 유치 치수의 형태, 유치 근관의 해부학적 형태, 치근형성, 그리고 유치 치근의 흡수와 관련된 특별한 문제점들에 대한 이해를 필요로 한다. 상악 대구치와 마찬가지로 상악 유구치의 근심 치근이 형태에 있어서 가장 큰 변이를 보인다고 알려져 있으며, 이 치근 내에 존재하는 모든 근관을 처치하지 못한다면 결국 치수치료는 실패할 것이다. 본 증례는 근관치료 중이거나 후에 지속적인 동통이나 근관 내 출혈이 지속되는 경우에서 상악 유구치의 근심협측치근의 제 2근심협측근관을 발견하고 처치한 후 임상증상 및 동통이 사라지고, 양호한 예후를 보였다. 또한 발거된 상악 유구치를 대상으로 한 조사 결과 상악 제 1유구치는 35개 증 8개(22.8%), 상악 제 2유구치는 33개 중 22개(66.6%)의 치아에서 제 2근심협측근관이 발견되었으며. 이는 상악 유구치의 근심협측치근 내에 두 개의 근관이 존재할 가능성이 높다는 것을 의미한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2008

목 적: 정자의 동결 과정에서 생길 수 있는 급격한 온도 차에 의한 동결 충격이나 동결 상해등에 의한 세포막의 손상, 세포의 기능 장애 등은 정자의 수정능에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간 정자를 동결 보존하는 과정에서 콜레스테롤 전처리가 정자의 운동성 및 기능보존에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 본원을 내원한 14명 남성의 정자를 대상으로 콜레스테롤을 첨가하지 않은 대조군 (control)과 여러 농도의 콜레스테롤을 동결보존액에 첨가한 실험군에서 정자의 동결-융해 후 상태를 다음 3가지 방법으로 비교, 분석하였다. 1) 정자 분석, 2) calcium ionophore로 유도된 첨체 반응 검사, 3) 정자 염색질 구조 분석 (sperm chromatin structure assay). 결 과: 첫째로 인간 정자의 운동성은 $0.5{\mu}g$ 농도의 콜레스테롤을 첨가한 동결보존액에서 동결-해동하였을 경우, 콜레스테롤을 첨가하지 않은 군에 비해 유의적 차이를 보이며 증가하는 것을 확인하였다 ($33.46{\pm}1.48%$ vs. $30.10{\pm}1.07%$, p<0.05). 다음으로 동된 정자의 첨체 반응 검사에서도 콜레스테롤을 첨가한 동결보존액에서의 첨체 반응이 일어나는 정자의 비율이 첨가하지 않은 군에 비해 유의하게 높게 관찰되었다 ($53.60{\pm}1.60%$ vs. $47.40{\pm}1.86%$, p<0.05). 마지막으로 정자 염색질 구조 분석에서는 콜레스테롤을 첨가한 군이 첨가하지 않은 군에 비해 정자의 DNA손상이 적게 나타남을 확인하였다. 결 론: 본 실험은 동결보존액을 통한 정자 원형질막 내 콜레스테롤 함유량의 증가가 동결-융해 후 정자의 운동성과 수정능(capacitation status)을 증가시키고 DNA 손상을 방지하는 역할을 한다는 결과를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 동결보존액 내 콜레스테롤의 첨가는 인간 정자의 동결보존 동안 발생할 수 있는 동결 상해를 줄여줄 수 있는 유용한 방법으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 1999

The follicular fluid (FF) of ovary contains various biological active products which affected on the growth of follicles and the fertilization of oocyte in physiological reproductive process of mammals. This study was designed to determine the effects of human FF on fertilization of oocyte and embryonal development in vitro culture. The FF was prepared as clear without blood contamination by needle aspiration from mature follicles of human at the time of oocytes retrieval for in vitro fertilization (IVF). As the medium for culture in vitro of embryonal cells, human tubal fluid (HTF) supplemented with follicular fluids at concentrations of 10%, 40% and pure FF were used. These effects were compared to control group of cultured embryos in HTF supplemented with 0.4% BSA (bovine serum albumin). For IVF, 64 eggs in control group, 67 eggs in 10% FF, 57 eggs in 40% FF and 64 eggs in pure FF were respectively allocated. And the rates of fertilization were almost similar in all groups as resulting 82.81% in control, 85.07% in 10% FF, 87.71% in 40% FF and 81.25% in pure FF. On the examination for embryonal cleavage from fertilized eggs, the rates of developing to 4 cell stage was similar in all groups, as results 98.11% in control, 98.27% in 10% FF and 98% in 40% FF but 78.84% in pure FF. And the rates of developing to 8-16 cell stage were significantly reduced as 44% in 40% FF and 44.23% in pure FF (p<0.05) compare to 71.69% in control media. As likewise, the rates of developing to morular stage were also significantly reduced to 36% (p<0.05) and 21.15% (p<0.01) respectively in 40% FF and pure FF. And the rates to blastocystic stage of embryo was lowest as 7.69% in pure FF (Table 1). The quality of embryonal cells on cleavage to the 8-16 cell stage was poorer, higher concentrations of FF. The rates of grade 1 in pure FF, as 23.07%, was lowest compare to those of other groups, in which the rates of grade 1 in control, 10% FF and 40% FF were 58.49%, 47.36% and 34% respectively. And on the contrary, the rate of grade 4 in pure FF was highest as 23.07%, while those were 5.66% in control, 8.77% in 10% FF and 20% in 40% FF (Table 2). On the viability of embryos, the rate of embryonal cell death was more rise, at the higher concentrations as well as longer exposure in the follicular fluid. At 48 hours after in vitro culture of embryos, the rate of survival embryos in pure FF was markedly lowered as 44.23%, compare to that of control (p<0.05). But there was not significant difference between the rates of survival embryos in each group beside the pure FF, which the rates were 77.35% in control, 70.17% in 10% FF and 60% in 40% FF respectively. And at 72 hours after in vitro culture, the rates of survival embryos were also significantly dropped to 21.15% in pure and 36% in 40% at concentration of FF compare to 62.26% in control (p<0.05, p<0.01). Finally, the rate of embryonal death at 96 hours after in vitro culture was highest as 82.69% in pure FF among all groups which those were 35.84 in control, 56.14% in 10% FF and 64% in 40% FF respectively (Fig. 1, 2, 3). In conclusion, this study suggests that the FF has no effects, in particular, to the in vitro fertilization of oocytes but exerted a bad effect to the cleavage, quality and viability of the embryonal cells during in vitro culture. However, the FF is harmful on embryonal development at conditions in higher concentration and especially on the embryos after $8{\sim}16$ cell stage.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

목적 : 본 연구는 퇴행성 슬관절염 환자들을 대상으로 도침치료가 통증을 감소시키는데 효과적이고 안전한 치료법임을 증명하기에 적합한지를 알아보기 위한 예비연구이다. 방법 : 본 연구는 5주간 진행되는 무작위배정 대조군 예비임상연구이며, 총 20명의 피험자들은 시험군(도침치료)과 대조군(침치료＋전침치료)으로 무작위 배정된다. 시험군의 경우에는 주 1회, 3주간 총 3회의 도침치료를 실시하고 대조군의 경우에 주 2회, 3주간 총 6회의 침치료와 전침치료를 받게된다. 1차 유효성 평가변수는 통증에 대한 Visual analogue system와 관절가동범위를, 2차 유효성 평가변수는 Short form McGill pain questionnaire와 Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index로 측정한다. 평가는 시험시작 전, 시험 1주, 2주, 3주 및 5주후에 이루어지게 된다. 결론 : 본 연구는 추후 본격적인 무작위배정 대조군 임상시험을 위한 예비연구로서, 본 연구를 통해 퇴행성 슬관절염에 있어서 도침치료가 임상적으로 유효함을 증명할 수 있는 근거를 마련해 줄 것이라 사료된다.