• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 1997

The lateral arm flap was reported first by Song et al. in 1982, and Katsaros and colleagues described an anatomic study and clinical cases in 1984. This flap is thin, has relatively constant vascular anatomy, and provides relatively acceptable scar at the donor site. Despite its many advantages its wide application has been limited by its short vascular pedicle with small diameter of lumen, and its small skin paddle. We studied its anatomical structure to get longer length of vascular pedicle, wide diameter and thinner part of flap beyond the lateral condyle through 6 fresh cadaver dissection and dye injection study. We experienced 21 cases of lateral arm free flaps and 26 cases of forearm free flaps from May, 1992 to January, 1996. We compared its usefulness with forearm free flaps in the aspects of donor morbidity, operative factors, quality of flap, and versatility. In conclusion, lateral arm flap can replace the role of forearm flap in most cases so that patient's donor morbidity can be reduced especially in the women.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.15
• /
• pp.6639-6643
• /
• 2015

Background: Prostate cancer is a major concern of public health. Microvascular density (MVD) is one of the prognostic markers for various solid cancers. Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11) plays an important role in angiogenesis and changes in its expression level are known to be associated with tumor progression and clinical outcome. Aim: To investigate the relationship between MVD and MMP11 expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma tissues. Materials and Methods: The expression levels of MMP11 and MVD were analyzed immunohistochemically for 50 specimens of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Results: MMP11 was mainly expressed in stromal cells but rarely seen in epithelial cells. Mean MVD was $36/mm^2$, and it was correlated significantly only with bone metastases. MVD was also significantly correlated with MMP11 expression (r=0.29, p=0.044). Conclusions: MMP11 may alter the stromal microenvironment of prostate cancer to stimulate tumor angiogenesis.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.563.2-563
• /
• 2001

C-shaped canal configuration is very difficult to treat because that clues about preoperative canal anatomy cannot be ascertained from clinical crown morphology and limited information can be derived from the radiographic examination. This study was done to get more informations about the root and canal configuration of C-shaped root by 3-dimentionally reconstructing for the purpose of enhancing success rate of endodontic treatment. 30 mandibular molars with C-shaped root were selected. Teeth had been extracted from periodontal problems with sound crown and root portion, including teeth with caries lesion limited crown portion only.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.554-554
• /
• 2001

C-shaped canal configuration is very difficult to treat because that clues about preoperative canal anatomy cannot be ascertained from clinical crown morphology and limited information can be derived from the radiographic examination. This study was done to get more informations about the root and canal configuration of C-shaped root by 3-dimentionally reconstructing for the purpose of enhancing success rate of endodontic treatment. 30 mandibular molars with C-shaped root were selected. Teeth had been extracted from periodontal problems with sound crown and root portion, including teeth with caries lesion limited crown portion only.(omitted)

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.11
• /
• pp.1136-1139
• /
• 2008

The genitourinary tract and gastrointestinal system are interdependent but share the same embryological origin, pelvic region, and sacral innervation. Although children with voiding disturbances often present with bowel dysfunction, this coexistence was considered coincidental until recently. However, it is now accepted that dysfunction in emptying of both systems is interrelated. Afferent impulses carrying sensory information are transmitted through the spinal cord and brainstem toward several cortical and subcortical areas, resulting in conscious control of the bladder and bowel. Alteration in these afferent pathways can result in dysfunction, including urinary and fecal incontinence. Distal gastrointestinal tract problems such as constipation might induce an inhibitory rectovesical reflex that interferes with normal voiding. Therefore, lower urinary tract function seems to be closely associated with distal gastrointestinal tract function.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2004

Bone scan is one of the most frequently peformed studios in nuclear medicine. In bone scan, the amount of radiolsotope taken up by lesion depends primarily on the local rate of bone turnover rather than on the bone mass. Bone scan is extremely sensitive for defecting bony abnormalities. However, abnormalities that appear on bone scan may not always represent disease. The normal scan appearances may be affected not only by skeletal physiology and anatomy but also by a variety of technical factors which can influence image quality. Many normal variants and artifacts may appear on bone scan. They could simulate a pathologic process and could mislead into the wrong diagnostic interpretation. Therefore, their recognition is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis. A nuclear medicine physician should be aware of variable appearance of the normal variants and artifacts on bone scan. In this article, a variety of normal variants and artifacts mimicking real pathologic lesion in bone scan interpretation are discussed and illustrated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.92.2-92.2
• /
• 2008

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.39 no.9
• /
• pp.645-653
• /
• 2016

Morphine is the most potent analgesic for chronic pain, but its clinical use has been limited by the opiate's innate tendency to produce tolerance, severe withdrawal symptoms and rewarding properties with a high risk of relapse. To understand the addictive properties of morphine, past studies have focused on relevant molecular and cellular changes in the brain, highlighting the functional roles of reward-related brain regions. Given the accumulated findings, a recent, emerging trend in morphine research is that of examining the dynamics of neuronal interactions in brain reward circuits under the influence of morphine action. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the roles of several reward circuits involved in morphine addiction based on pharmacological, molecular and physiological evidences.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 2015

Ginseng has long been used as a functional food or therapeutic supplement and it is empirically known to be safe and nontoxic. During recent decades, a number of in vitro and in vivo experiments, as well as human studies have been conducted to prove the safety of various types of ginseng samples and their components. Clinical trials, case reports, and in vitro and in vivo research articles addressing the safety, toxicity, and other adverse events of ginseng application were selected and reviewed. Patient risks associated with ginseng abuse and misuse such as affective disorder, allergy, cardiovascular and renal toxicity, genital organ bleeding, gynecomastia, hepatotoxicity, hypertension, reproductive toxicity, and anticoagulant-ginseng interaction were reviewed and summarized. There are some cases of patient risk associated with ginseng abuse and misuse depending on patients' conditions although further investigation in more cases is required to clarify these issues.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2012

This article describes the development, evaluation and dissemination of biological nursing (bionursing) science courses established in Korea. Prior to this innovation the subject such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, pharmacology and pathology were taught by non-nursing faculties, such as basic medical science faculty members. And it often did not meet and satisfy the needs of most undergraduate nursing students. To meet these needs, we have developed four bionursing courses by overhauling individual courses and integrating these by creating new titles, objectives, and contents. In this process, the Korean Society of Biological Nursing has made enormous efforts to standardize the contents of the courses and to develop standard syllabus of four bionursing subjects. This article also suggests for further development of bionursing science such as enhanced linkage of the contents of bionursing science courses with clinical practice, reinforcement of teaching competency of professors, and activation of researches using various biological measurement to provide concrete evidences for nursing practice.