• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

Manometry is a noninvasive diagnostic tool for identifying motility dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the great technical advances in monitoring motility, performance of the study in pediatric patients has several limitations that should be considered during the procedure and interpretation of the test results. This article reviews the clinical applications of conventional esophageal and anorectal manometries in children by describing a technique for performing the test. This review will develop the uniformity required for the methods of performance, the parameters for measurement, and interpretation of test results that could be applied in pediatric clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 1995

Clinical neuropsychology which belongs to the necuroscience field is concerned with relationship between human behaviors and the brain structure. Clinical neuropsychology has grown to be a specialized separate field within psychology over the last twenty years. Clinical neuropsychology offers an objective methodology to consider the mind-body interaction and evaluate the behavioral consequences and functional deficits associated with brain lesions. Clinical neuropsychological assessment is composed of cognitive, perceptual, motor and emotional function through various neuropsychological examinations such as Halsted-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska batteries, and computerized neuropsychological test such as PCIS Vienna Test System and Stim. The goals of neuropsychological evaluation are to identify of neuropsychological dysfuncitions, to develop execute and monitor treatment plans, and to make rehabilitation programs. Recently, the neuropsychiatric patients are increasing in number and 15-20% of acute psychiatric patients suffer from organic mental problems. Moreover, clinical neuropsychology has an increasingly important role in both neurobehavioral foundation and clinical application. So, psychiatrists must play a major role in the development of clinical neuropsychology in psychiatry.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2008

Purpose: Objective Structured Clinical Examination(OSCE) has been used for clinical skill evaluation. This study was done investigate whether there are positive impact educational effects if nursing students are invited to develop OSCE modules. Method: The participants were 63 second-year students in one nursing college. Students were divided into 3 groups; the OSCE module development group(Exp1), traditional study group(Exp2), and control group(Cnt). Students were allocated according to clinical skill test scores to make the 3 groups equal. Exp1 developed OSCE modules, and Exp2 studied using traditional methods. Clinical skill tests and surveys were done to measure self-directed readiness, problem-solving ability, and self-efficacy before and after experimental treatments. Results: Clinical skill test scores increased significantly in all three groups, but Exp1 and Exp2 showed a higher clinical skill test score increment than Cnt. Self-directed readiness scores increased significantly in Exp1, but not in Exp2 and Cnt. Problem-solving ability scores increased significantly in Exp1 compared to Cont. Conclusion: Development of OSCE modules has positive educational effects for participating students in terms of clinical skill tests, self-directed readiness, and problem-solving ability.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of ego-resilience, nursing professionalism and empathy on clinical competency and to suggest strategies for improving the clinical competency of general hospital nurses. Methods: Data collection was performed from Jan. 18th, 2019 to Feb. 14th. A total of 194 nurses from four general hospitals participated in this study. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS 23.0. Results: The factors affecting the clinical competency of general hospital nurses included ego-resilience (β=.28, p<.001), nursing professionalism (β=.20, p=.011), empathic concern (β=.19, p=.003), working department (β=-.17, p=.008), total clinical career (β=.15, p=.011), and number of beds (β=.13, p=.033). These factors accounted for 33.0% of the clinical competency (p<.001). Conclusion: It is important to find ways to improve the level of empathy of general hospital nurses and there is a need to include education programs or practical interventions to strengthen empathy at the clinical level.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.149-153
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• 2013

Candidiasis is a fungal infection of the most common causes; generally, opportunistic infections occur often in patients with weakened immune systems. Because of high rates in fungal infection patients and increasing frequency of being isolated from clinical materials, quickly identifying of Candida albicans is critical. By identifying 404 yeast cell strains of referred samples via API 20C kits, NGL and PRO tests and Germ tube (GT) test were conducted and compared. In the 3.0 McFarland yeast cells, 0.1% ${\rho}-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-{\beta}-D-galactosaminide$ (NGL) and 0.04% ${\small{L}}$-proline ${\beta}$-naphtylamide (PRO) were each put in test tubes and incubated at $35^{\circ}C$ for 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Afterwards, 1 drop of 2% NaOH was applied, and if the color turned yellow; it was positive for NGL test. Afterwards, 1% ${\rho}$-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde was applied, and if the upper layer turned pink or red, it was positive for PRO test. NGL and PRO tests were conducted for all C. albicans and identified accurately within 30 minutes. In NGL, PRO test, false-positive, negative were not seen, whereas, GT test showed false-positive in 1 strain and false-negative in 3 strains. Therefore, sensitivity and specificity of NGL, PRO tests were 100% and 99.5%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive rate were 99.5% and 100%, respectively. However, GT test sensitivity and specificity were 98.5% and 99.5%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive rates were 99.5% and 98.5%, respectively. In conclusion, NGL, PRO tests are better than GT tests for sensitivity and specificity, therefore, these reliable tests will be useful in clinical laboratories.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.447-453
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• 2005

A total of 108 strains of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) clinical isolates was collected from $121^{st}$ general hospital (U.S. military hospital), Korean healthcare facility from January to March in 2005 and Wonju Christian hospital in 1999. Antimicrobial susceptibility test by Vitek System and MIC test using oxacillin and cephalothin stripes by E-test were executed. PCR based detection of mecA gene was performed on the all of MRSA clinical isolates, too. MRSA clinical isolates were characterized with antimicrobial resistance patterns, PCR based detection of mecA gene and validation of the multiplex PCR strategy of SCCmec among clinical isolates.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.61-74
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the short-term effects of bilateral masticatory training using an intraoral device on memory and concentration, which is an advanced form of Gochi, compared to the unilateral form with gum. Methods: Thirty young healthy participants (age, 16-30 years) were screened and randomly assigned to one of two sequences in a crossover design. The participants assigned to sequence A (n=15) performed bilateral mastication using an intraoral device with a total of 300 taps, followed by unilateral mastication using gum with the same number of repetitions and frequency, separated by a 7-day washout period. A reverse order was used for sequence B. The primary and secondary outcomes were the digit span test result and the symbol digit modality test and the word list recall results, respectively, which were conducted before and after each intervention. Results: Symbol digit modality test scores increased by 12.03±8.33 with bilateral mastication, which was significantly higher than that obtained with chewing gum (5.17 points;95% confidence interval: 0.99, 9.34; p<0.05). Changes in the digit span test and word list recall scores were not significantly different between the two groups. In the digit span test forward, symbol digit modality test, and word list recall test, bilateral mastication was not inferior to unilateral mastication in improving memory and concentration. Conclusions: Bilateral masticatory exercises using an intraoral device are not inferior to unilateral mastication with gum for improving memory in healthy young individuals. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy of bilateral masticatory training on cognitive function.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.136-143
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• 2013

Clinical skills assessment was recently introduced to the Korean Medical License Examination to test medical school graduates' competencies in clinical skills. Various measures, including research and rehearsals, had been undertaken to prepare for the assessment for several years before the clinical skills assessment was first implemented. The assessment has been repeated annually for about 3,500 examinees over the course of 50 days per year for the past 4 years. The introduction of the assessment had significant effects on education in Korea's medical schools. Many schools have established clinical skills labs and the teaching of clinical skills has also been strengthened. The residents who have taken the clinical skills exam now express more confidence in caring for patients. To improve the quality of the assessment, it should be performed on a year-round schedule and a pilot test and various forms of the items should be introduced.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the potential toxicity of a recently developed and clinically used No-Pain pharmacopuncture (NPP) solution. We also assessed the lethal dose of the NPP agent following a single intramuscular injection in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Animals were divided into two groups: the NPP test material group and the normal saline control group. A single intramuscular injection of the NPP agent (1.0 mL/animal) was administered to rats of the NPP test material group. The control group rats received the same volume of normal saline. Both female and male rats were included in each group. All rats were monitored for clinical signs and body weight changes for 14 days after administration of the test substance or saline. At the end of the observation period, a gross necropsy was conducted and localized tolerance at the injection site was analyzed. Results: No mortality was observed in the NPP test material and control groups. Moreover, no test substance-related effects were observed on clinical signs, body weight, necropsy findings, and localized tolerance at the injection site. Conclusion: The approximate lethal dose of the NPP agent is greater than 1.0 mL/animal under the conditions used in this study. Additional toxicity evaluations and clinical studies are needed to confirm the safety of NPP use in clinical practice.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this case report is to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9) for unilateral motor disturbance of the hand after cerebral infarction. Methods: One patient with unilateral motor disturbance of the hand following cerebral infarction (right basal ganglion and corona radiata) was treated with acupuncture, herbal medication, and electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9) once daily from June 30, 2016 to July 4, 2016. We evaluated improvement using the Box and Block Test (BTT) and 10-seconds Test, including the Finger Individual Movement Test (FIMT), the Hand Pronation and Supination Test (HPST), and the Finger Tapping Test (FTT). Results: After five days of treatment, increase of FIMT and FTT scores was observed after electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9). However, no increase was observed in BBT or HPST scores. Conclusions: This study suggests that electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9) can help treat motor disturbance of the hand after cerebral infarction.