• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.2 s.29
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• pp.45-69
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• 2005

The condition contrary to the physiological conditions obtained by the normal functioning of seven constituents of the body is defined as disease. The primary causes of the disease are emotional defilements of desire, hatred and delusion. The secondary causes of diseases are seasonal climatic changes, the agency of harmful demons, and improper diet or conduct. Once a disease occurs, it brings the disfunctioning of the three humors of wind, bile, and phlegm. Therefore all the disease should be examined and determined which of theses three humors effect its nature the most. There are five main techniques of external therapy, namely bloodletting, which extract the impure blood produced by disease of heat; moxibustion, which debilitates cold diseases, medicinal compresses, fomentation, massage with ointment, and minor surgery. Among these, the former three are the mild treatment and the latter three the severe ones because of the pain the patient has to suffer during the whole procedure.

• Water for future
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 1994

The surface hydrology of large land areas is susceptible to several preferred stable states with transitions between stable states induced y stochastic fluctuation. This comes about due to the close coupling of land surface and atmospheric interaction. An interesting and important issue is the duration of residence in each mode. Mean transtion times between the stable modes are analyzed for different model parameters or climatic types. In an example situation of this differential equation exhibits a bimodal probability distribution of soil moisture states. Uncertainty analysis regarding the model parameters is performed using a Monte-Carlo simulation method. The method developed in this research may reveal some important characteristics of soil moisture or precipitation over a large area, in particular, those relating to abrupt changes in soil moisture or precipitation having extremely variable duration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.443-451
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• 2016

Globally, landslides triggered by natural or human activities have resulted in enormous damage to both property and life. Recent climatic changes and anthropogenic activities have increased the number of occurrence of these disasters. Despite many researches, there is no standard method that can produce reliable prediction. This article discusses the process of landslide susceptibility mapping using various methods in current literatures and applies the FR (Frequency Ratio) method to develop a susceptibility map for the 2015 earthquake region of Sindhupalchowk, Nepal. The complete mapping process describes importance of selection of area, and controlling factors, widespread techniques of modelling and accuracy assessment tools. The FR derived for various controlling factors available were calculated using pre- and post- earthquake landslide events in the study area and the ratio was used to develop susceptibility map. Understanding the process could help in better future application process and producing better accuracy results. And the resulting map is valuable for the local general and authorities for prevention and decision making tasks for landslide disasters.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.178-183
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• 2004

Hydrological models simulate the land phase component of the water cycle and provide a mechanism for evaluating the effects of climatic variation and change on water resources. Evapotranspiration(ET) is a critical process within hydrological models. This study evaluates five different methods for estimating ET in the SLURP(Semi-distrubuted Land Use Runoff Process)model, in the Yongdam basin. The five ET methods were the FAO Penman-Monteith, Motorn CRAE(Complementary Relationship Area Evapotranspiration), the Spittlehouse-Black, the Granger, the Linarce model. We evaluated the five ET models, based on the ability of SLURP model to simulate daily streamflow. and How the five ET methods influence the sensitivity of simulated streamflow to changes in key model parameters and validation SLURP independently for each ET methods.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2017

Purpose: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are notorious disease vectors that spread various viruses including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika. Recent Zika virus outbreaks were carried by Ae. aegypti, raising awareness about the perils of its global distribution. Because Ae. albopictus is spread throughout South Korea and can carry the same viruses as Ae. aegypti, monitoring potential distributions of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti is necessary. Methods: In this study, the potential distributions of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti in South Korea were modeled using CLIMEX software, and changes in response to climate change were predicted. Results: The results indicated that the climatic suitability for Ae. albopictus was consistently high, while occurrence of Ae. aegypti was only predicted for Jeju Island in 2080. Conclusions: The results provide basic information for preventing the invasion of Ae. aegypti, and consequent interactions between Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, which may cause severe outbreaks of dangerous diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.273-282
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• 1994

The physiological significances of the upper and lower body on thermoregulation and sensation were studied in this paper. Experiments were carried out on 4 females in a climatic chamber conditioned at 1) $25^{\circ}C\rightarrow35^{\circ}C\rightarrow25^{\circ}C$, 2) $25^{\circ}C\rightarrow15^{\circ}C\rightarrow25^{\circ}C$, both with 50% R.H., covering the upper body (U) or lower body (L) with garments. 1. When the upper or lower body is covered or exposured respectively, the mean skin tempterature of upper body is higher than that of lower body. And upper body is more easily influenced by the environmental temperature than lower body. It means the skin temperatures of the upper body change faster than those of the lower body following the environmental changes. 2. In U and L, the skin temperatures of the upper limbs (thighs, upper arms) are lower than those of the peripherals (hands, feet). 3. Warm sensations and skin temperatures of the upper body showed high correlation and it was the case with cold sensations and skin temperatures of the lower body. 4. In high temperature condition $(25^{\circ}C\rightarrow35^{\circ}C\rightarrow25^{\circ}C)$, mean skill temperature and rectal temperature in L were lower than in U. This lower rectal temperature in L is probably due to the insulation of the lower body with garments that promotes the heat radiation only in the high temperature environment.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.34-42
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• 2012

The forecasted energy shortage tends to encourage to develop the next generation energy to countermove the energy problems and the climatic change all over the world. Korean government is pushing ahead with the policy for 'Low Carbon Green Growth' to deal with climate changes and to overcome energy problems. And many studies for low carbon green city or zero carbon city have been progressed. In this study, energy plants and energy scenarios are selected by energy supply suited features of city at city plan. The method to evaluate energy scenario can be proposed to apply various energy plants for energy demand on city planning step and evaluation method can be systematized to be used by users. Also the calculated values are changed into index for comparison according to each energy scenario.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.529-533
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• 2013

Heat-recovery ventilators are being adopted in most newly built apartment houses for energy reduction and indoor environment improvement. In winter, however, the dew condensation resulting from the difference between the indoor and outdoor temperatures may reduce the ventilator's performance and threaten the health of indoor residents. This study analyzes the occurrence of dew condensation according to the ventilator's operational conditions and the changes of temperature and products. The experimental results show that condensations is formed at $26^{\circ}C$ and 60%R.H, which is an unfavorable climatic condition, and when the damper is not closed tightly. Therefore it is important to ensure damper performance to prevent back flow.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.374-392
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• 1989

한국산 박쥐류의 계통분류학적 연구의 첫 단계로써, 1985년 10월부터 1987년 7월까지 18장소에서 채집된 한국산 박쥐류 중, 관박쥐과(Rhinolophidae)의 1종과 애기박쥐과 (Vespertilionidae)의 6종에 대하여 외·내부형태 및 상환골의 형태를 이용하여 분류학적인 검토를 하였다. 이들 중에는, 희귀종인 문둥이 박쥐(Eptesicus serotinus brachydigitus)가 포함되어, 본 아종에 대한 상세한 형태학적인 특징을 추가·기재하였다. 또한 현생 한국산 익수류상, 고기후 및 고지리를 고려하여 한국산 소익수류상의 성립과정에 대하여 고찰하였다. 즉, 홍적세의 고기후 및 고지리의 변화에 의해서, 남방계보다 북방계 종류가 풍부한 현재의 익수류상이 성립되었다고 생각된다. As a part of studies on taxonomy and phylogeny of bats inhabiting Korea, a taxonomic review of one rhinolophid and six vespertilionid bats collected at 18 localities during the period from October 1985 to July 1987 was carried out, basing on the external, cranial, dental and humeral morphology. These bats include a rare species, Eptesicus serotinus brachydigitus, the detailed characters of which were described in addition to the original description by Mori (1928b). Further, the Korean microchiropteran faunal succession was described laking into consideration the recent chiropteran fauna, and climatic and geographical changes in the Pleistocene: the recent bat fauna of Korea has become abundant in the north-originating species rather than in the south-originating ones, which is a reverse tendency in the Palearctic continent.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.281-294
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• 2017

Tropical forests constitute almost half of the global forest cover, account for 35% of the global net primary productivity and thereby have potential to contribute substantially to sequester atmospheric $CO_2$ and offset climate change impact. However, deforestation and degradation lead by unsustainable management of tropical forests contribute to the unprecedented species losses and limit ecosystem services including carbon sequestration. Sustainable forest management (SFM) in the tropics may tackle and rectify such deleterious impacts of anthropogenic disturbances and climatic changes. However, the existing dilemma on the definition of SFM and lack of understanding of how tropical forest sustainability can be achieved lead to increasing debate on whether climate change mitigation initiatives would be successful. We reviewed the available literature with a view to clarify the concept of sustainability and provide with a framework towards the sustainability of tropical forests for enhanced carbon stock and climate change mitigation. We argue that along with securing forest tenure and thereby reducing deforestation, application of reduced impact logging (RIL) and appropriate silvicultural system can enhance tropical forest carbon stock and help mitigate climate change.