• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2024

One of the most important decisions for managers in the online banner advertising industry, is to choose the best banner alternative for exposure to customers. Since it is difficult to know the click probability of each banner alternative in advance, managers must experiment with multiple alternatives, estimate the click probability of each alternative based on customer clicks, and find the optimal alternative. In this reinforcement learning process, the main decision problem is to find the optimal balance between the level of exploitation strategy that utilizes the accumulated estimated click probability information and exploration strategy that tries new alternatives to find potentially better options. In this study we analyze the impact of word-of-mouth effects and the number of alternatives on the optimal exploration-exploitation strategies. More specifically, we focus on the word-of-mouth effect, where the click-through rate of the banner increases as customers promote the related product to those around them after clicking the exposed banner, and add it to the overall reinforcement learning process. We analyze our problem by employing the Multi-Armed Bandit model, and the analysis results show that the larger the word-of-mouth effect and the fewer the number of banner alternatives, the higher the optimal exploration level of advertising reinforcement learning. We find that as the probability of customers clicking on the banner increases due to the word-of-mouth effect, the value of the previously accumulated estimated click-through rate knowledge decreases, and therefore the value of exploring new alternatives increases. Additionally, when the number of advertising alternatives is small, a larger increase in the optimal exploration level was observed as the magnitude of the word-of-mouth effect increased. This study provides meaningful academic and managerial implications at a time when online word-of-mouth and its impact on society and business is becoming more important.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-32
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• 2016

Online news on the Internet, as published open data, contain facts or opinions about a specific affair and hence influences considerably on the decisions of the general publics who are interested in a particular issue. Therefore, we can predict the people's choices related with the issue by analyzing a large number of related internet news. This study aims to propose a text analysis methodto predict the outcomes of events that take place in a specific place. We used topics of the news articles because the topics contains more essential text than the news articles. Moreover, when it comes to mobile environment, people tend to rely more on the news topics before clicking into the news articles. We collected the titles of news articles and divided them into the learning and evaluation data set. Morphemes are extracted and their polarity values are identified with the learning data. Then we analyzed the sensitivity of the entire articles. As a result, the prediction success rate was 70.6% and it showed a clear difference with other analytical methods to compare. Derived prediction information will be helpful in determining the expected demand of goods when preparing the event.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to develope a parcel-based automatic simulation system of land price through the integration of urban mathematical model and GIS. The appraisal process of public land price by the local government is simple but is a great time-consuming task. Moreover, it doesn't provide any statistical analysis and spatial presentation tools. So, it is difficult for planners or administrative officials to analyze the variation of land price with spatial idea. From these, a system is developed combining two sub-systems, they are ANN(Artificial Neural Network) for the calculation of land price and GIS for visual presentation. Using Matlab application, ANN model was designed having 3-layer structure and was trained with the sample data taken from Chinju city. With the trained network, the impact of 'road', 'parks', 'height control district' and 'beauty district' on land price in 9 regions(dong) are simulated. The results of the simulation were visualized with ArcView GIS. The automatic simulation system operated through the DDE(Dynamic Data Exchange) conversation between two applications. ArcView was set as client and Matlab as server. Scripting in ArcView and customizing a window of ArcView, this system can execute the whole process of simulation by just clicking a button with mouse. As a conclusion, this system was proved to be an effective and easily controllable planning support system for the land price simulation.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.2 s.79
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• pp.223-233
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• 2000

An epidemiological investigation was carried out at Yongin, Kyungkido, South Korea to determine the prevalence of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and parafunctional habits in adolescent aged 16, 17 and 18 years. 2,098 students(male 507, female 1,591) were randomly selected and investigated with the questionnaire. The results were obtained as follows, 1. The prevalence of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders was $80.9\%$ total, $77.3\%$ for male and $82.0\%$ for female with significance between male and female(P<0.05). 2. The prevalence of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders was gradually increased according to increasing age with significant difference among ages(P<0.001) 3. The most frequent symptom in the temporomandibular disorders is pain on chewing($65.9\%$), and then clicking($50.7\%$), Pain on mouth opening($41.8\%$), and pain on TMJ($36.8\%$) 4. There was little corelationship between clenching habits and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders(r=0.166), and also between bruxing habits and those(r=0.057).

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.9
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• pp.33-57
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• 2010

Focused on the performance of interactivity in the appreciation of media art, this study is associated with the continually changed art texts and a participator's physical reactions to savor the art. Digital works of art emphasizing interactivity usually decentralize and disperse the responsibility and the central role for creating and producing the art works. Proper procedure of the work is generated by actions such as clicking the mouse, controlling the joy stick or actual movement of anticipators' bodies. The art works are influenced by participators' interactivity, which makes the leading roles and the responsibility for creating art scattered and divided. These features are similar with those of the 'Rhizome' which Gilles Deleuze(1925~1995) and Felix Guattari(1930~1992) have discussed. In their argument, 'Rhizome' is an interval or being 'between', which keeps changing. 'Rhizome' is a state in which the individual and the work of art never reach the conclusion, only a phenomenon of eternally altering. Like 'Rhizome', this sort of art work has the decentralized system, opens for several directions, and activates the system which is changeable as linked items increased or decreased. These works stimulate the individual to perform and act while appreciating the art piece. In terms of processing and preceeding, interactivity is the important equipment and catalyzer. Through these procedures, the pieces can be the 'floating work of art' combined and condensed with the whole participators' reactions. The 'floating work of art' is neither the expression of an individual nor that of one particular group. Multidimensional influence of the web is the web which is constantly reorganizing and producing in its connective state. This connective state is activated by interactivity. The Rhizomatic system embodies the floating work of art process. Due to each individual perceiving art in individualistic terms, there is no dominating powers or central points. I regard this art works possessing above traits as the work of art with Rhizomatic system. The work of art with the Rhizomatic system is embodied through interactivity and because physical action activates the process of appreciation, a participator can actually experience and practice the philosophy. Ultimately the Rhizomatic speculation occurs during the interactivity of appreciating the Rhizomatic art pieces. The Rhizomatic system penetrates into the intuitive area beyond our recognition and thoughts, as we are engaged in the connective process. With the methods and manners of interactive art, we can possibly reconsider the system as a tool in which the participator is directly able to link experience and theory to the philosophies of Deleuze and Guattari.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.563-575
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• 2007

This study aims to investigate a possibility of using topographic information by web mapping in open environments. Web mapping intends to focus on a map analysis and application of the function and geo-visualization. Functions of Web topographic info-map include a spatial analysis, enlargement and minimization, movement, landuse information, user-controling 3 dimension map, landform cross-section analysis, shortest path analysis. The web system adopts SVG(scalable vector graphics), MYSQL, PHP, XML for mapping. SVG has open source policy, so everyone can use it, as well, it is effective on flexible database linkage, cartographic representation. 3D map is intended to represent 3D map by user-controlled sunshine putting pixel opacity by elevation values after making DEM. Landform is designed to show a cross-section analysis and statistics by retrieving height information from database engine with clicking two points on the map. Shortest path analysis within regions uses Dijkstra's algorithm. Near future, resultantly, the area of WebGIS will have to meet more social demands for use-created geo-information and application, so more researches are needed to be web mapping more applicable for users.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.780-788
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• 2008

Modeling hand poses and tracking its movement are one of the challenging problems in computer vision. There are two typical approaches for the reconstruction of hand poses in 3D, depending on the number of cameras from which images are captured. One is to capture images from multiple cameras or a stereo camera. The other is to capture images from a single camera. The former approach is relatively limited, because of the environmental constraints for setting up multiple cameras. In this paper we propose a method of reconstructing 3D hand poses from a 2D input image sequence captured from a single camera by means of Belief Propagation in a graphical model and recognizing a finger clicking motion using a hidden Markov model. We define a graphical model with hidden nodes representing joints of a hand, and observable nodes with the features extracted from a 2D input image sequence. To track hand poses in 3D, we use a Belief Propagation algorithm, which provides a robust and unified framework for inference in a graphical model. From the estimated 3D hand pose we extract the information for each finger's motion, which is then fed into a hidden Markov model. To recognize natural finger actions, we consider the movements of all the fingers to recognize a single finger's action. We applied the proposed method to a virtual keypad system and the result showed a high recognition rate of 94.66% with 300 test data.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.45-60
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• 2009

This study is intended to implement an e-Learning system assisted class for the dress unit in the subject of technology & home economics in the middle school. This class is aimed at making teaching-learning in the dress unit effective, triggering students' interest in it, enhancing their understanding and offering basic materials for the e-Learning development about clothing instruction in the subject of technology & home economics. To make the concrete situational learning effective and provide realistic learning environments, learning contents were implemented so that the learners themselves could manipulate the contents by clicking. How to wear clothing according to learners' individuality was presented in order to trigger the learners' attention and motivation using the latest clothing pictures from the Internet shopping mall, and the dress fashion pictures of their peers. The result of this study can be summed up as follows. First, the implementation of learning materials with which simulation manipulation and visualization were possible could make the students reach the learning goals easily. Second, teaching-learning activity could be made more effective using audios, images and moving pictures rather than written texts. Third, learning the dress unit, which is especially related with a new fashion, made the most of the advantage of e-Learning by providing realistic and lively learning materials in a timely manner. And it triggered learners' motivation by providing pictures or moving pictures related with their real life. Based on these research results, this study suggests further research to develop e-Learning contents using various multimedia authoring tools as well as the ones applied to this study in learning the dress unit. It also suggests that the database of teaching-learning materials be constructed to securely prepare abundant instruction materials.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.2349-2360
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• 2000

In medical image processing, if new technologies arc developed, they arc applied to real clinical cases. The results are to be analyzed by doctors to improve the new technologies. So, it is important for doctors to have a tool that helps the doctors in applying the new technologies to clinical cases and analyzing the clinical results. In this paper, we design and implement a visual programming environment where non-programming experts, such as medical doctors, can easily compose a medical image processing application program. A set of image processing functions are implemented and represented as icons. Thc user selects functions by clicking correslxmding icons. The users can easily find necessary' functions from the visualized library. A user selects a function from the visualized library and [Jut the function node into a canvas of Visual Programming Interface. The user connects nodes to compose a dataflow diagram. The connected dataflow diagram shows the now of the program. Hyperbolic Tree is helpful in visualizing a set of function icons in a single screen because it provides both the whole stmcture of the function Iihrary and the details of the focused functions at the same time. We also developed a CUI builder where the user interfaces of the medical image processing applications are composed. Therefore. non'programming experts such as physicians can apply new medical image processing algorithms to clinical cases without performing complex computer programming procedures.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.367-374
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• 2007

Purpose: The diagnostic relevancies and characteristics and of clinical methods in the diagnosis of internal derangement(ID) were tested by comparing the results of them with those of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Methods: 75 patients(150 temporomandibular joints; TMJs), who were suspected to have ID by clinical diagnoses, were included. Clinical diagnoses including mouth opening pathway and TMJ sound were conducted and MRI takings were done. Accuracies, sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of clinical diagnosis, mouth opening pathway, and TMJ sound were calculated by comparing with diagnoses with MRIs. Results: Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of clinical diagnosis were 59.3%, 83%, 49%, 81%, and 51%. They were 59%, 82%, 25%, 73%, and 35% for mouth opening pathways. Although deviation was somewhat accurate for representing disc displacement with reduction(ADDWR), other discrepancies on opening pathways were not clinically relevant. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of clicking sounds were 85%, 49%, 78%, 85%, and 37%. TMJs with crepitus were only three. But all TMJs with crepitus were diagnosed to have disc displacement without reduction(ADDWOR). Conclusion: When compared with diagnoses with MRIs, clinical diagnoses for ID were not so accurate. But they were suitable for screening tests for ID. Opening pathways and TMJ sounds were not so relevant in the diagnoses of IDs and so it was concluded that considerations for other factors must be included in the diagnoses of IDs.