• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.582-585
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• 2016

It is uncommon for a palatal fistula to be detected in individuals who have not undergone surgery, and only sporadic cases have been reported. It is even more difficult to find cases of acquired palatal fistula in patients with submucous or incomplete cleft palate. Herein, we present 2 rare cases of this phenomenon. Case 1 was a patient with submucous cleft palate who acquired a palatal fistula after suffering from oral candidiasis at the age of 5 months. Case 2 was a patient with incomplete cleft palate who spontaneously, without trauma or infection, presented with a palatal fistula at the age of 9 months.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.154-157
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• 2011

The primary purpose of cleft lip surgery should be the aesthetic and functional recovery of the facial components. Triangular flap repair is one of the most common techniques used in cleft lip surgery. In this case report, thirty patients with unilateral cleft lip had been treated using the Tennison-Randall method. The results were favorable and there have been no permanent complications.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.178-183
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• 2013

Cleft lip arises from congenital underdevelopment with various degrees and patterns. Mulliken named a unilateral incomplete cleft lip with no severe cleft as a lesser-form cleft lip and categorized it into three subgroups. Anatomically categorized subgroups are minor-form, microform, and mini-microform cleft by the extent of vermilion-cutaneous dysjuntion. The vermillion cutaneous notch is more than 3 mm from the regular Cupid's bow peak for minor-form, less than 3 mm for microform, and almost no gap with discontinuity on the vermillion cutaneous border for mini-microform. The treatments are rotational advancement flap for minor-form, double unillimb Z-plasty for microform, and vertical lenticular excision for mini-microform, respectively. This article aims to present the literature review about the incomplete lesser form cleft lip classified by Mulliken and to report our experiences.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.39
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• pp.9.1-9.5
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• 2017

Background: Nasalance is used to evaluate the velopharyngeal incompetence in clinical diagnoses using a nasometer. The aim of this study is to find the nasalance differences between Vietnamese cleft palate children and Korean cleft palate children by measuring the nasalance of five oral vowels. Methods: Ten Vietnamese cleft palate children after surgery, three Vietnamese children for the control group, and ten Korean cleft palate children after surgery with the same age participated in this experimentation. Instead of Korean control, the standard value of Korean version of the simplified nasometric assessment procedures (kSNAP) was used. Result: The results are as follows: (1) the highest nasalance score among the Vietnamese normal vowels is the low vowel /a/; however, that of Korean normal vowels is the high vowel /i/. (2) The average nasalance score of Korean cleft palate vowels is 18% higher than that of Vietnamese cleft palate vowels. There was a nasalance score of over 45% among the vowels /e/ and /i/ in Vietnamese cleft palate patients and /i/, /o/, and /u/ in Korean cleft palate patients. Conclusion: These different nasalance scores of the same vowels seem to cause an ethnic difference between Vietnamese and Korean cleft palate children.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2021

Bardach described a closure of the cleft utilizing the arch of the palate, which provides the length needed for closure and is most effective only in narrow clefts. Herein, we describe a case where we utilized Bardach's two-flap technique with a vital and easy modification, done to allow closure of a wide cleft palate and to prevent oronasal fistula formation at the junction of the hard and soft palate, which are otherwise difficult to manage with conventional flaps. The closed palate showed healthy healing, palatal lengthening, and no oronasal regurgitation. We advise using this modification to achieve the goals of palatal repair in difficult cases where tension-free closure would otherwise be achieved with more complex flap surgical techniques, such as free microvascular tissue transfer.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2021

Background: Children with cleft lip and/or palate can be undernourished due to feeding difficulties after birth. A vicious cycle ensues where malnutrition and low body weight precludes the child from having the corrective surgery, in the absence of which the child fails to gain weight. This study aimed to identify the proportion of malnutrition, including the deficiency of major micronutrients, namely iron, folate and vitamin B12, in children with cleft lip and/or palate and thus help in finding out what nutritional interventions can improve the scenario for these children. Methods: All children less than 5 years with cleft lip and/or cleft palate attending our institute were included. On their first visit, following were recorded: demographic data, assessment of malnutrition, investigations: complete blood count and peripheral blood film examination; serum albumin, ferritin, iron, folate, and vitamin B12 levels. Results: Eighty-one children with cleft lip and/or palate were included. Mean age was 25.37±21.49 months (range, 3-60 months). In 53% of children suffered from moderate to severe wasting, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Iron deficiency state was found in 91.6% of children. In 35.80% of children had vitamin B12 deficiency and 23.45% had folate deficiency. No correlation was found between iron deficiency and the type of deformity. Conclusion: Iron deficiency state is almost universally present in children with cleft lip and palate. Thus, iron and folic acid supplementation should be given at first contact to improve iron reserve and hematological parameters for optimum and safe surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.223-227
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• 2023

A midline or median cleft lip is rare, and a midline cleft associated with a unilateral cleft and a proboscis-like structure is rarer still. We present a case managed at our center in which a 5-year-old male had a median cleft of the upper lip with an associated 'proboscis' and a microform unilateral cleft lip.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.24.1-24.5
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• 2015

Ultrasonographic examination is widely used for screening of abnormal findings on prenatal screening. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate of the fetus can also be screened by using ultrasonography. Presence of abnormal findings of the fetal lip or palate can be detected by the imaging professionals. However, such findings may not be familiar to oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons can use ultrasonographic imaging of fetal cleft lip with or without cleft palate to provide information regarding treatment protocols and outcomes to the parent. Therefore, surgeons should also be able to identify the abnormal details from the images, in order to setup proper treatment planning after the birth of the fetus. We report two cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate that the official readings of prenatal ultrasonography were inconsistent with the actual facial structure identified after birth. Also, critical and practical points in fetal ultrasonographic diagnosis are to be discussed.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2008

The outcome of primary surgery for cleft lip is judged by its effects on the quality of oro-facial function and development. Many surgical techniques have been tried to obtain better results, however, Delaire introduced a technique of functional closure of the lip and nose, based on the findings of no true hypoplasia in the tissues either side of the cleft. In a seven-month-old Asian male patient with unilateral incomplete cleft lip, we carried out the primary closure by modified Delaire's technique. With no alveolar bone graft, the vertical incision on the nasal base was omitted in this patient because of his acceptable symmetry of nose. Also, a small Z plasty was added on the non-cleft side. The V-shaped incisions, whose notch was located on each side of the red vermilion, were designed and beveled incisions were performed for the rehabilitation of lip length and thickness, considering the postoperative wound contracture. We assured that this modification of Delaire's technique could be applied for various cases of primary closure of incomplete cleft lip.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.637-641
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• 2009

Purpose: Most unilateral secondary cleft lip nose deformities have depressed nostril base and sill on the cleft side. To obtain a symmetric nose, correction of the recession on nostril is critical. The authors have worked out effective methods to elevate the nostril of the cleft side according to the extent of the depression. Methods: A total of 115 unilateral secondary cleft lip nose deformity patients with nostril depression were evaluated. Data were acquired from patients' charts and photography with special reference to the height difference of the nostrils between the cleft side and the non - cleft side. Patients were divided into three groups based on the difference and operated with various techniques : (1) mild degree(< 1 mm) with graft, (2) moderate degree(1 ~ 3 mm) with C - flap or suspension suture of septal cartilage (3) severe degree(> 3 mm) with graft, C - flap and suspension suture. Follow - up period averaged 21.3 months. Results: Forty - six patients(40 percent) were in mild group, and forty - two(37 percent) were in moderate. In twenty - seven patients(23 percent), nostril recession was more than 3 mm. The elevated nostril base and sill were maintained without height alteration during follow - up. Conclusion: The symmetry of the nostril base, especially projection of nostril sill influences successful correction of unilateral cleft lip nose deformity. Our tolerable techniques can be applied to most deformities with nostril depression and can present a new guideline.