• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2019

Clear sky indices were estimated by various ways based on in-situ observation and satellite-derived solar irradiance. In principle, clear sky index defined by clear sky solar irradiance indicates the impacts of cloud on the incoming solar irradiance. However, clear sky index widely used in energy sciences is formulated by extraterrestrial irradiance, which implies the extinction of solar irradiance due to mainly aerosol, water vapor and clouds drops. This study examined the relative difference of clear sky indices and then major characteristics of clear sky irradiance when sky is clear are investigated. Clear sky is defined when clear sky index based on clear sky irradiance is higher than 0.9. In contrast, clear sky index defined by extraterrestrial irradiance is distributed between 0.4 and 0.8. When aerosol optical depth and air mass coefficient are relative larger, solar irradiance is lower due to enhanced extinction, which leads to the lower value of clear sky index defined by extraterrestrial irradiance.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 2016

Daylight is an important factor which influences building energy efficiency and visual comfort for occupants. It is important to predict precise sky luminance at the early stages of design to reduce light energy in the building. This study predicted sky luminance distributions of standard sky model(CIE overcast sky, CIE clear sky) that was provided from the CIE(Commission internationale de $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}clairage$). Afterward, result of sky luminance was compared and verified with simulation value of Radiance program. From the CIE overcast sky, zenith and horizon ratio is about 3:1. From the CIE clear sky, luminance value gets most high value around the sun. On the other hand, luminance value is the lowest in the opposite direction of the sun when angle is $90^{\circ}$ between the sun and sky element. As a result of comparing the calculation results with Radiance program, sky luminance prediction error rate is 0.4~1.3% when it is CIE overcast sky. Also, sky luminance prediction error rate is 0.3~1.5% when it is CIE clear sky. When compared with the results of radiance simulation, it was evaluated as fairly accurate.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2004

Daylight illuminance levels in a small space were calculated using the Superlite program under limited conditions of the turbidity and thickness of condensible water of atmosphere. Three sky conditions(clear sky with direct sun, clear sky with no direct sun, overcast sky with no direct sun) were used. The atmospheric conditions significantly impacted the illuminance levels under especially a clear sky with direct sun. The overcast sky with no direct sun provided no difference for the illuminance levels in the space. As the calculation points moved away from a window, reflected illuminance levels gradually increased but direct illuminance levels significantly decreased.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 국내환경에서 비정지궤도 위성인 COMETS의 Ka 대역 비콘 신호를 측정하였고 측정된 데이터를 이용하여 시간, 거리 및 고도각의 변화에 따른 전파전파특성에 대하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 Clear sky에서의 거리 변화에 따른 전파전파특성은 자유공간손실이 중요한 영향을 끼침을 알 수 있었으며, COMETS 위성은 고도각이 40도 이상에서 관측되므로 고도각이 신호에 미치는 영향은 거의 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.100-106
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to predict the effective sky temperature on Osan City during the summer. The north latitude, east longitude of Osan City is $37^{\circ}06'$ and $127^{\circ}02'$. The altitude from the sea level is 48m. Empirical relations of the effective sky temperature suggested by Duffie and Beckman are compared on clear days. For the effective sky temperature prediction, data measured by the Korea Meteorological Administration is used as an input to the Bliss model. Both Hottel and Krondratyev model are used to calculate the water vapor emissivity. The results using Hottel's model match well with the empirical relation proposed by Bliss. The results show maximum, minimum, and average values depending on water vapor emissivity model. The maximum deviation is about 10K and is due to total emissivity model.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study questioned the efficiency of daylight factor as a daylight adequacy and investigated a method of how to complement its weakness by considering a direct sunlight component under a clear sky condition. Method: The Snowdon visitor centre cafe was chosen as a case study building and various techniques such as BRE formula, BRE sky protractor, Pilkington dot diagram and mock-upscale model under the artificial sky simulator were used to analyse and compare daylight factor values. An analysis of direct sunlight component under the clear sky condition was carried out by Climate Consultant 5.5, sun path diagram, and the artificial sky simulator. Result: The result of daylight factor analysis differed by the adopted techniques and it was also contradictory to the results on a direct sunlight penetration. The result not only showed the limitation of daylight factor as a metric but also suggested an improvement by combining it with direct sunlight analysis. The techniques used in this study had a merit of being applied in the early design stage and thus be beneficial to many design professions in order for early daylight performance analysis.

• 태양에너지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.3-15
• /
• 1991

본 연구에서는 자연채광 설계용 천공의 조건을 (1) clear sky (2) partly cloudy sky (3) cloudy sky로 나누어서 서울지역의 수평면에 대해서 전천공조도와 함께 반원형의 띠를 이용하여 확산조도를 측정한다. 천공 상태의 분류는 프랑스의 낭뜨 측정에서의 방법을 이용하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 자연채광 설계용 기상자료는 (1) 태양고도에 따른 수평면 조도 (2) 조도의 월변화 (3) 조도의 누적표현율 (4) 하루중의 주광 강도의 변화 (5) 특정 조도 이상을 기록한 시간수이다.

• 토지주택연구
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2019

This study examines the distributions of daylight illuminance in a small office space under clear and cloudy sky conditions. Three shading conditions using Venetian blinds were applied for the analysis of daylight illuminance. Computer simulations using the Lightscacpe were conducted for the daylight conditions applied to the office space. Results indicate that the illuminance differences between clear and cloudy sky for south-facing conditions were greater than those for north-facing conditions. The differences in December and June were the greatest and smallest, respectively. For the north-facing conditions, the daylight illuminance at 10:00, 12:00 and 14:00 in June and September under the cloudy sky was higher than those under the clear sky conditions. For all daylight conditions, the biggest amount of illuminance reduction occurred when the shading device conditions were changed from the no blind to the 45 degree blinds. As the distance from window increased, the shading effect that occurred when the shading device conditions were changed from the horizontal blind to the 45 degree blinds increased.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2012

This paper focused on the daylighting performance of residential high-rise buildings in South-Korea. the purpose of this study is to estimate the visual environment of sunlight coming into opening according to sky conditions, orientation of windows and each space of Apartment buildings. Season of the year, weather, and time of day combine with predictable movement patterns of the sun to create highly variable and dynamic daylighting conditions. Daylighting design is usually based on the dominant sky condition and the micro-climate for the building site. There are three common sky conditions: clear sky, overcast sky, and partly cloudy sky. The clear sky includes sunshine and is intense and brighter at the horizon than at the zenith, except in the area around the sun. Daylight received within a building is directly dependent upon the sun's position and the atmospheric conditions. Easily used charts, diagrams, and software programs allow study of solar geometry for any geographic location and time of day. on the other hand, the overcast sky is characterized by diffuse and variable levels of light and has dense cloud cover over 90% of the sky. This paper was calculated by a Desktop Radiance program. The space dimensions were based on a unit module of real constructed apartment having divided into five sections such as living room, room1, room2, room3 and kitchen.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.415-426
• /
• 2015

구름의 영향 없이 지표면에 도달하는 일사량을 추정하는 것은 일사량 자원지도의 궁극적인 목표이며, 이는 청천일 모델(clear sky model)을 사용하여 이론적으로 추정할 수 있다. 일사량 지도의 정확도는 청천일 모델의 정확도와 연결되기 때문에 연구목적과 연구지역에 적합한 청천일 모델을 선정하고 분석하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 대기혼탁 인자를 사용하여 일사량을 추정하는 고차원 모델(ESRA, Dumortier, MODTRAN)과 태양고도를 변수를 하는 일차원 모델(Bourges, PdBV)을 사용하여 한반도의 청천일 일사량을 추정하였으며, 실제 측정 자료와 비교하여 한반도에 적합한 청천일 모델을 분석하고자 하였다. 천리안 기상위성의 가시영상을 사용하여 구름이 없는 청명일을 참조자료로 추출하였으며, RMSE와 MBE를 계산하여 모델별 오차를 분석하였다. 연구결과, Bourges와 PdBV 모델이 실측치와 가장 낮은 RMSE를 가졌으며, PdBV는 계절에 상관없이 비교적 일정한 MBE값을 가졌다. 또한 봄-초여름 기간에 일차원모델은 일사량을 과소 추정하는 경향을 보였으며, 고차원모델은 겨울에 일사량을 과대 추정하는 것으로 나타났다. 추후 모델별로 나타난 오차의 경향 및 계절에 따른 오차를 보정하는 추가 연구를 통하여, 한반도에 최적화된 청천일 일사량 모델을 수정 및 개발할 예정이다.