• 제목/요약/키워드: Cleaning Too

검색결과 23건 처리시간 0.025초

고등학교 급식시설 운영실태 및 ATP Bioluminescence를 이용한 위생상태 조사연구 (Evauation of Management & Hygienic Status of High School Foodservice using ATP Bioluminescence Assay)

  • 계승희;황성희
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.515-524
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    • 2017
  • An investigation was conducted to evaluate the hygienic status of 53 high school foodservice systems in Gyeonggi province by using hygiene management guide checklist, ATP bioluminescence assay of food utensils were conducted during process. The 5 hygiene management guide checklist groups about personal hygiene, cooking facilities control, cross contamination control, cook and storage control, management control were checked by experts and had good grades but there were some inadequate behaviors on observation. Total cleaning levels were inadequate, including hand, rubber gloves, aprons, knives, food tray, machine and instruments. The possibility of cross contamination is also noted in handles for refrigerators, ovens, food dryers, hand washing. It was also noted that there were too much work on the nutritionist and cook, additional personnel need to be added. lack of space, deterioration of facilities were identified in some high school foodservice systems. ATP bioluminescence assay was conducted on surface of food facilities, ATP ranged $1,393{\pm}5,041.2RLU$ on yellow gloves, $244{\pm}258.7RLU$ on pink gloves, $3,780{\pm}11,418.6RLU$ on apron, $49,056{\pm}62,831.4RLU$ on refrigerator grip, $41,422{\pm}61,259.8RLU$ in oven, $31,407{\pm}41,344.9RLU$ on hand cleaning board.

비압축성을 고려한 와이퍼 블레이드의 거동 해석 (An Analysis about the Behavior of the Wiper Blade Including Incompressibility)

  • 정원선;송현석;박태원;정성필;김욱현
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2010
  • The windshield wiper consists of 4 parts: a blade, an arm, a linkage and a motor. The wiper blade makes contact with the windshield and is designed to be operated normally at an angle of 30~50 degrees to the front glass. If the contact pressure between the wiper blade and windshield surface is too high, noise and wear of the rubber will result. On the other hand, if the contact pressure is too low, the performance will do badly, since foreign substances such as dust and stains will not be removed well. The pressure and friction of the wiper blade has a great influence on its effectiveness in cleaning the front window. This is due to the contact of the rubber with the window. This paper presents the dynamic analysis method to estimate the performance of the flat type blade of the wiper system. The blade has a nonlinear characteristic since the rubber is an incompressible hyper-elastic and visco-elastic material. Thus, Structural dynamic analysis using a complex contact model for the blade is performed to find the characteristics of the blade. The flexible multi-body dynamic model is verified by the comparison between test and analysis result. Also, the optimization using the central composite design table is performed.

해외 박물관 소장 한국 복식문화재에 관한 연구 (A Study of Korean Costume in the Collection of Overseas Museums)

  • 윤은재;임영자
    • 복식
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    • 제36권
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    • pp.219-238
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    • 1998
  • For the purpose of this Study, the situation of Korean costume properties in the collection of overseas museums was investigated through correspondence, interviews with their curators and persons in charge and survey. As results were made about the situation of museum science (conservation) and practical utilization of costume properties. So, the study result were drawn as follows : Krean costume properties unexplaind of 'Korean cultural Properties' could be found in the Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York(135 pieces), the Brooklyn Museum of New York(20 pieces), the Newark Museum of New Jersey(15 pieces), and the Victoria Albert Museum of London(100 pieces). Korean costume properties in the collection of over-seas museums mostly fall under the rang of period between the 19th century and the early 20th century and are classified into everyday clothing, wedding costume and armors for the most part. In 1900s, museum in several countries began to collected Korean cultural properties through foreign missionaries or diplomats as well as merchants or travellers in who bought Korean objects. Recently, scholars, traditional Korean costume designerss and diplomatic and consular offices in overseas have donated our Korean costume to many foreign museums. Korean costume properties were largely on display in the dependent display of folklore museums or in a part of exhibition gallery for Asian culture and there were the separate exhibition rooms in museums in the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Japan and the United States America. But the size and level of display room for Korean cultural properties is one third as large as that for chinese or Japanese cultual properties. It was found in this study that the traditional Korean costume in the collection of overseas museums was largely recorded only as general items rather than given their proper names. The typical example of misnaming included bridal's Kimono for Wonsam(원삼) in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yeonroksaek-bumunsajeokori for Dangeui(당의) and Jissan-gryongwonmunsadurumagi for Kongdali(동달이) in the Okura collection of the Tokyo National Museum, and so on. And the Victoria Albert Museum modified the way of wearing Daenim(대님) and the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka seemed to misplace the ornament of Keanggi(댕기) on Mubok(무복) and Josunjuk(조선족: Chinese-Korean) Museum also misplace hansam(한삼). On the one hand, the Newark museum of New Jersey mixed Chinese armor with the Korean one and the Photohraph of King Kojong(고종) with Chinese one. It is corrected to publish and disseminate the book concering Korean costume in order to inform foreign museums of thed proper names and wearing method of our traditional costumed. The repair of costume before cleaning in the process of conservation treatment can prevent damage likely to occur as the properties of fiber itself are weakened in liquid. It is recommended that western 8-figure stitch and tacking stitch is added to Korean traditional stitching method. Museums in the U.S.A and the U.K are concerned about the aftermath of cleaning it-self, specially conservation treatment may exert on remains and predominantly use the vacuuming method to remove dust or bits of straw before the exhibition beings. But in case of Korea, the dry cleaning and wet cleaning method are used according to the nature and state of a sample costume. This comprehensive cleaning method is gradually developing scientifically but it is expected that those concerned will make a chemical analysis of the solvent to be used and also the more precise test of costume properties will be conducted before cleaning them. A partial study was made here because the scope of study was too broad and vast. It is expected that more studies will be conducted concerning our costume culture under the long-term plan and active support at the government level.

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선박용 판형 열교환기의 볼트풀림방지 및 수량최소화기법 개발 (Development of a Technique to Prevent Bolt Looseness and to Decrease in Quantity for the Plate Type Heat Exchanger Used in Large Craft)

  • 김호윤;배원병;장영준;한승무;김철
    • 한국정밀공학회지
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    • 제24권9호
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    • pp.44-51
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    • 2007
  • There are many methods to assemble various parts of a product, and one of them is the bolting system widely used in a industrial field due to the merits; easiness to obtain strong tightening force, simplicity of assemble or disassemble in order to repair, substitution or cleaning, and so on. But this bolting system needs attachments not to let a bolt loose and they are an important factor to cost a great deal. In this study, some equations are suggested and FE analyses are carried out to verify the cause of the bolt looseness occurring in the tightening process. And because the number of bolts in the bolting system has been decided by empirical know-how of designers in the field, safety rate in the plate type heat exchanger is often too high. Therefore the equations to decrease in quantity are suggested in consideration of the relationship between a critical shearing force acting on the screw and a normal force acting on the cooling plate by the working fluid.

상수관망의 자가세척 유속과 적정 플러싱 유속 평가 (The assessment of self cleaning velocity and optimal flushing velocity in water distribution system)

  • 배철호;최두용;김주환;김도환
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.441-451
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    • 2014
  • The flushing is important to maintain good water quality in water main. It is a technique of using water velocity to remove sediments in water distribution system. The variety of water quality problems can occur in a distribution system, so too can a variety of benefits be gained by system flushing. In order to effectively perform the flushing, the contaminants to be removed to set up and it can be solved, it is necessary to ensure the proper flow rate. In this study, the removal of contaminants present in the inner water pipe attached loose deposits such as fine particles of granular activated carbon, sand and iron corrosion product sought to derive flow rates. Thus, the constant observation of using pilot plant scale water distribution plant for the movement of floating characteristics of particles were assessed.

친환경 검정색 염료 개발을 위한 Ketapang과 오배자의 특성 비교 (Comparison of Characteristics of Ketapang and Gallnut for Development of Environmentally Friendly Black Dye)

  • 강재용;이정은;김성연;박근태;박장수
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.457-466
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to develop environmentally friendly black dye by comparing Ketapang and Gallnut, that have been traditionally used as a black dye. As a result of FT-IR and UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis, Ketapang was characterized by condensed tannin, while Gallnut showed hydrolyzable tannin. Due to the dyeability characteristic analysis, the color fastness of the non-mordant dye was slightly lowered to grades 1-3. In the dry-cleaning fastness test, both non-mordant and iron mordant were excellent, in grade 4-5, and the daylight fastness was excellent grade 3-5 too. The $L^*$ values of Ketapang were 26.93 (pre-mordant) and 29.39 (post-mordant), which were higher than those of Gallnut, 41.90 (pre-mordant) and 43.02 (post-mordant), indicating that Ketapang was more easily colored as a black dye than Gallnut.

의류제품 취급표시 부칙 실태 및 소비자 의식 (The Actual Condition of Care Label Attached to Clothing and Consumers' Perception)

  • 추태귀;송정아
    • 한국의류산업학회지
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.331-338
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    • 2000
  • To study on the actual condition of care label attached to clothing and consumers' perception, 250 summer clothes sold at department store-blouse, trousers, one-piece dress, knit cardigan and skirt-were investigated during July 2000. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to 192 women in Taegu during August. The fiber contents of surveyed clothes were polyester 100% & polyester blend (26%), rayon 100% & rayon blend (18%), cotton 100% & cotton blend (17%), wool 100% & wool blend (14%) and others. All clothes surveyed were attached care label and the signals showed on care labels were 4~6 kinds about cleaning, squeezing, drying, bleaching, and ironing methods. 92% of clothes had to be dry-cleaned and only 8% could be wet-cleaned. Considered the surveyed clothes were for summer which needs frequent washing and the clothing items, the number of clothes had to dry-cleaned were too many. The bleaching instructions were no chlorine bleach (74%), no bleaching (21%) and others. The ironing instructions were cool ironing ($80{\sim}120^{\circ}C$) with cover (24%) and warm ironing ($140{\sim}160^{\circ}C$) with cover (69%) primarily. The drying instructions was dry on a hanger in the shade (54%) and 38% had no signal or incorrect signal. The properties of summer clothes considered important by consumers were wrinkled hardly, hand-washable, machine-washable, needed no iron and etc. Actually most of summer clothes were hand or machine-washed. Also, the majority of respondents felt inconvenient to have to dry-clean summer clothes. More than 80% respondents looked over care label and fiber content label before buying clothes. However most of respondents did not followed that instructions exactly and thought care label instructions were not correct. Considered this results, the suppliers have to make efforts to attach correct and appropriate care label which furnish the correct information to consumers.

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전북지역(全北地域) 주부(主婦)들의 식생활관리(食生活管理) 실태(實態)에 관(關)한 조사연구(調査硏究) (A Survey on the Status of the Homemakers' Meal Management in Jeonbuk Area)

  • 이경자
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.403-411
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    • 1991
  • A survey was made, from May to June 1991, to reveal the current situation of the meal management of the homemakers in Jeonbuk area. The results obtained from 464 homemakers were summerized as follows. The meal expenses were planned and managed mostly by the homemakers (93.3%). The 31.1% homemakers expended 200,000-300,000 Won a month for meals and the average expenditure was 294,106 Won. Among the homemakers who responded, the 34.0% managed their account books for meal expenses. With decreasing age(p<0.05), increasing education level (p<0.001), and increasing the income(p<0.01), the number of those who managed the account book tended to be higher. Usually they bought their foods at the market place (52.1%) and they did every other days(33.2%). The 46.9% planned what to buy and chose the best ones among the foods they planned to buy at the market. The percentage of those who prepared their menus planned in advance was only 5.5%. The most homemakers cooked for themselves (96.8%). On cooking and buying foods, the 48.2% considered their husbands first and the 64.4% regarded the tastes and needs of their families as the most important thing. The majority (66.2%) regarded the dinner as the most important among those three times of meals. The 39.6% prepared Kimchi twice a month. The foods they prepared for each meal were usually 4-5 kinds (43.2%). Mostly they prepared meals three times a day (49.1%). The average times spent in preparing and cleaning the tables for lunch and breakfast were 41.6, 96.2 minutes respectively. The homemakers who had jobs tended to spend less time in preparing and clearing the tables than those who had not (p<0.01, p<0.001). The 58.0% had complaints in that the food prices were too high and their moneys for meal preparation were insufficient and the 16.6% had difficulty in satisfying the tastes of their families.

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담배 사은품 실크 인서트(Silk Inserts)에 관한 연구와 보존처리 (The Study and Conservation of Woven Cigarette Inserts)

  • 이영주
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.447-457
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구의 목적은 뉴욕의 플리마켓에서 구입한 매우 흥미로운 퀼트 텍스타일을 관찰함으로서 시작되었다. 흔하지 않은 스타일의 실크 인서트(Silk inserts)들로 구성된 이 퀼트를 본 연구자로 하여금 그 역사적 가치를 조명하고 문서기록을 남기며 보존처리하여 텍스타일 역사의 발전에 도움을 주는 것에 의의를 두고 있다. 본 연구의 방법으로는 관련된 문헌고찰과 뉴욕의 메트로폴리탄 박물관 J. R. Burdick 콜렉션을 방문하여 퀼트의 패치들이 silk insert라는 분석을 내렸고 Burdick의 연구(제작연대 1910$\∼$1912)에 의문을 갖고 연구자가 조사를 진행하여 이 연구과제에 사용된 silk inserts의 제작연대가 1934년경부터 1939년경이라는 결론을 내렸다. 다음 단계로는 이 직물의 상태를 분석하였는데, 실크 섬유의 상태가 바느질을 견디지 못하는 상태로 판단해 보존처리 방법으로는 접착제 Elvace 46575(vinyl acetate copolymer resin emulsion)를 Stabiltax에 코팅처리하여 직물을 강화처리하였다. 본 연구는 문서처리 되지 않은 미확인 직물의 역사적 의미 발견과 보존처리를 통해 후대의 텍스타일 연구자들에게 정보를 제공한다는 측면에서 가치가 있다고 사료된다.

음식물쓰레기의 자원화를 위한 배출업종별 성상 및 특성의 비교분석 (Comparison and Analysis on Characteristics for recycling of Multifarious Food Waste)

  • 주흥수;류재영;배재근
    • 유기물자원화
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.117-124
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    • 2001
  • 본 연구는 각 업종별로 배출되는 음식물쓰레기의 다양한 성상 및 그 특성을 분석하여 검토함으로서 그 특성에 맞는 적절한 처리방안과 설계단계에 있어서 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 실시하였다. 전체적으로 업종별로 성상이 차이가 있었고, 일식업소가 다른 업소에 비교하여 많은 차이를 보였다. 조성면에서는 채소류가 가장 많이 차지하였고 또한 계절에 따라 채소류의 함량은 차이가 많았다 이물질은 조개껍질류가 가장 많았으며, 요식업소에서 배출되는 이물질 비율이 공동주택에서 보다 높아 사전분리가 필요한 것으로 조사되었다. 염분은 일식업소에서 가장 높았고, 대부분의 업소에서는 1% 전후로 자원화에 바람직하지 않지만, 전단계에서 세척공정을 둔다면 큰 문제가 없을 것으로 사료되었다. 사료성분은 조섬유가 28%, 조단백질이 25%, 조지방이 11%로 나타났다. 유해균 및 중금속에 대한 분석도 동시에 실시하였으나, 병원성미생물은 검출되지 않았고, 각종 유해물질은 규제농도이하 값을 보였다. 각종 성상의 분석결과, 자원화에 있어서 계절요인과 요식업소와 공동주택의 수거비율을 설계에 반영하는 것이 필요하며, 공동주택은 부패 등의 문제로 인하여 사료화보다는 퇴비화가 적합하고, 요식업소중 중식, 분식, 집단급식업소 등에서 배출되는 음식물쓰레기는 사료화가 유리한 것으로 평가되었다.

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