• 제목/요약/키워드: Clay loam

검색결과 407건 처리시간 0.023초

인삼식부 예정지의 토양관리에 관한 연구 제2보. 2연근포지의 토양 특성변화 및 결주율과의 관계 (Studies on the Soil Management in Ginseng Preplanting Soil (II) Relationship between the Soil Characteristics of 2-Year-Old Ginseng Field Soil and the Ratio of Missing Plant)

  • 이일호;박찬수
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.36-41
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    • 1985
  • The study was conducted to investigate the changes of soil physico-chemical properties between soils of preplanting fields and 2 years old ginseng fields, and compare the missing plant rate among the 2 years 016 ginseng fields. 1, The missing plant rate of 2 years old ginseng was high in sand loam while low in clay loam soil texture, soil porosity and NO3-N were remarkably increased in 2 years old ginseng field than preplanting soil, as the clay content was increased, soil porosity seemed to be increased but exchangeable nitrogen decreased. 2. The preplanting soil management methods did not significantly influenced on the missing plant rate and soil porosity in 2 years old ginseng fields, However NO3-N content and Fusarium density seemed to be decreased as the plow frequency was increased, exchangeable nitrogen content, whereas, seemed to be increased with more organic matter. 3. Differences of clay content (below 15% and above 20% of clay content) was significantly influenced on soil porosity, bulk density, total nitrogen, organic matter and P2O5 content. 4, Missing rate showed negative correlation with clay, soil moisture, and organic matter content but positive corelation with NO3-N in 2 years old ginseng fields.

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토양중 Pendimethalin의 흡착 및 이동특성 (The Adsorption and Movement Characteristics of Pendimethalin in Soils)

  • 라덕관;김영규
    • 한국토양환경학회지
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.17-23
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    • 2001
  • 토양중 pendimethalin의 흡착과 이동특성을 파악하기 위하여 사양토, 미사질토 및 양토를 대상으로 회분식 및 칼럼식 실험을 통하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. Pendimethalin은 진탕 6시간에서 사양토의 경우 59.6%, 미사질토의 경우 77.3%, 양토의 경우 64.0%가 흡착되어 평형흡착에 근접하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 흡착등온식은 Freundlich식에 잘 일치하였으나, Langmuir식에는 적합하지 않았다. 사양토, 미사질토 및 양토에 대한 pendimethalin의 흡착계수는 각각 8.0, 16.1, 9.5로 나타났다. 흡착칼럼 배출구에서 pendimethalin이 처음 검출된 시간 및 유출량은 사양토의 경우 112min. 700ml, 미사질토의 경우 630min, 2100m1, 양토의 경우 189min, 900ml이었다. 0.05Co를 파과점으로 할 경우 각 토양의 파과점에 도달되는 시간은 각각 256min, 810min, 420min이었다.

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신품종 통일 벼(IR667)의 용수량측정시험 (Experiment for the duty of Water in paddy fields of New Variety Tongil (IR667))

  • 황은;김철규
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.2439-2444
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    • 1971
  • 기적의 법씨라 불리우는 통일(統一)(IR 667)의 출현(出現)으로 답용수량산출(畓用水量算出)에 변동(變動)이 생기지 않을까하여 본시험(本試驗)을 실시하였던바 다음과같은 사실(事實)을 알게되었다. (1) 엽수면증발량(葉水面蒸發量)과 증발계증발량(蒸發計蒸發量)의 비(比)는 식양토(埴壤土) ET/V=1.84, 양토(壤土) ET/V=2.00로 지금까지의 어느 품종(品種)보다 그 값이 컷다. (2) 생육기별(生育期別) ET/V를 볼 때 분약후기(分藥后期)와 유수형성기(幼穗形成期)에 $3.30{\sim}3.77$로 그 값이 커진다. (3) 증산비(蒸散比)는 식양토(埴壤土) 260.4, 양토(壤土) 275.0으로 모두 300이하(以下)이었다.

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Assessment of Subsoil Compaction by Soil Texture on Field Scale

  • Cho, Hee-Rae;Jung, Kang-Ho;Zhang, Yong-Seon;Han, Kyung-Hwa
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제48권6호
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    • pp.628-633
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    • 2015
  • It is necessary to assess soil physical properties and crop growth treated by compaction to establish the soil management standard. This study evaluated the bulk density, strength and crop growth after subsoil compaction for sandy loam and loam on the field in Suwon, Korea. The treatments were compaction and deep tillage. Sandy loam and loam were classified to coarse soil and fine soil, respectively, depending on clay contents. In coarse soil, bulk density of compacted plot was 8~17% greater than control and deep tilled plot. The root growth was worse in compacted plot compared with control. In fine soil, plow pan was not observed in deep tilled plot with 5~19% smaller bulk density than compacted plot and control. Deep tillage improved the crop growth. The soil physical properties by compaction were dependent on clay content and crop growth limit depended on the traffic driving.

석탄회(石炭灰) 시용(施用)이 토양중(土壤中) 중금속함량(重金屬含量)에 미치는 영향(影響) I. 시용량(施用量)에 따른 함량변화(含量變化) (Influence of Fly Ash Application on Content of Heavy Metal in the Soil I. Content Change by the Application Rate)

  • 김복영;임선욱;박종현
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.65-71
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    • 1994
  • 석탄회(石炭灰)인 무연탄회(無煙炭灰)와 유연탄회(有煙炭灰)를 논토양(土壤)의 식양토(埴壤土)와 사양토(砂壤土)에 0, 4, 8, 12톤/10a 시용(施用)하였고 밭 토양(土壤)의 식양토(埴壤土)와 사양토(砂壤土)에 0, 3, 6, 9톤/10a를 시용(施用)하여 벼와 콩을 재배(栽培)한 후에 수확기(收穫期)에 표토(表土)와 심토(深土)에서 중금속(重金屬)인 Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn함량(含量)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 무연탄회(無煙炭灰) 가. 논토양(土壤) 식양토(埴壤土)에서 Cu와 Zn은 표토(表土)에서, Cd와 Ni은 심토(深土)에서 석탄회(石炭灰) 시용량(施用量) 증가(增加)에 따라서 증가(增加)되었으나 그외 성분(成分)은 증가(增加)되는 경향이 없었고. 나. 사양토(砂壤土)에서는 Fe 만이 표토(表土), 심토(深土) 모두에서 증가(增加)되었다. 다. 밭토양(土壤) 식양토(埴壤土)에서는 Ni, Cr은 표토(表土)에서, Cd는 심토(深土)에서 증가(增加)되었고. 라. 사양토(砂壤土)에서는 표토(表土)에서 Cr, 심토(深土)에서는 Pb만이 증가(增加)되었다. 2. 유연탄회(有煙炭灰) 가. 논토양(土壤) 식양토(埴壤土)에서는 심토(深土)에서 Cu, Zn만이 석탄회(石炭灰) 시용량(施用量) 증가(增加)에 따라 증가(增加)되는 경향이었고. 나. 사양토(砂壤土)에서는 표토(表土)에서 Pb 및 Ni만이 증가(增加)되는 경향이 있었다. 다. 밭토양(土壤) 식양토(埴壤土)에서는 Ni, Fe는 표토(表土)에서, Pb는 심토(深土)에서 증가(增加)되는 경향이었고. 라. 사양토(砂壤土)에서는 Cr은 표토(表土)에서, Fe는 심토(深土)에서 Cu, Mn는 표토(表土), 심토(深土)에서 증가(增加)되는 경향이었다. 3. 논과 밭 토양(土壤)에서 대부분의 성분(成分)은 일정한 경향이 없었고 일부성분이 석탄회(石炭灰) 시용량(施用量) 증가(增加)에 따라서 증가(增加)되었으나 우리나라 토양(土壤)의 자연함량평균치(自然含量平均値) 또는 자연함량평균치(自然合量平均値)+(표준편차(標準偏差)와 유사(類似)하였다.

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고추재배에서 토성별 토양수분, 토양온도, 무기태 질소 변화에 따른 온실가스배출 평가 (Evaluation of Green House Gases Emissions According to Changes of Soil Water Content, Soil Temperature and Mineral N with Different Soil Texture in Pepper Cultivation)

  • 김건엽;송범헌;노기안;홍석영;고병구;심교문;소규호
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제41권6호
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    • pp.399-407
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    • 2008
  • 농경지에서 발생되는 온실가스인 $CH_4$, $N_2O$의 배출제어 기술을 구명하기 위하여 수원시에 위치한 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과 시험포장에서 온실가스 배출시험을 수행하였다. 고추밭에서 토성과 토양수분에 의한 온실가스배출 시험은 2004~2005년 2년간 고추 재배를 하여, 질소를 시용하지 않는 PK와 NPK+ 돈분퇴비 등으로 시비처리를 하였고 온실가스배출에영향을 주는 토양수분, 토양온도 그리고 무기태 질소($NH{_4}^+$, $NO{_3}^-$) 등 관련 요인별로 온실가스배출량을 측정하였다. 이와 같이 밭에서 온실가스 배출에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 온실가스 관리에 필요한 기초 자료로 활용하기 위해 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 토성에 따른 $N_2O$ 배출량은 식양토에 비해 사양토에서 74.0~82.1% 적었고, 토양 수분장력 -30 kPa보다 -50 kPa에서 식양토는 13.2%, 사양토는 40.2%가 적었다. 2) $CH_4$ 배출은 식양토에 비해 사양토에서 45.7~61.6%, 그리고 수분장력에 따라 -30kPa보다 -50kPa에서 식양토 69.6%, 사양토 55.8%가 적었다. 3) $N_2O$ 배출에 영향을 미치는 요인은 식양토에서 무기태질소 (51.2%), 토양온도 (25.8%), 토양수분함량 (23.0%), 그리고 사양토에서는 토양수분함량 (39.3%), 토양온도 (36.4%), 무기태질소 (24.3%) 순으로 나타났으며, 식양토에 비해 사양토에서 $N_2O$ 배출에 대한 무기태질소의 기여도가 낮았다.

Effect of Soil Texture and Tillage Method on Rice Yield and Methane Emission during Rice Cultivation in Paddy Soil

  • Cho, Hyeon-Suk;Seo, Myung-Chul;Kim, Jun-Hwan;Sang, Wan-gyu;Shin, Pyeong;Lee, Geon Hwi
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제49권5호
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    • pp.564-571
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    • 2016
  • As the amount of rice straw collected increases, green manure crops are used to provide the needed organic matter. However, as green manure crops generate methane in the process of decomposition, we tested with different tillage depths in order to reduce the emission. The atmosphere temperature of the chamber was $25{\sim}40^{\circ}C$ during the examination of methane and soil temperature was $2{\sim}10^{\circ}C$ lower than air temperature. The redox potential (Eh) of the soil drastically fell right before irrigated transplanting and showed -300~-400 mV during the cultivating period of rice (7~106 days after transplant). When hairy vetch was incorporated to soil and the field was not irrigated, the generation of methane did not occur from 12 to 4 days before transplanting rice and started after irrigation. Regarding the pattern of methane generation during the cultivation of rice, methane was generated 7 days after transplanting, reached the pinnacle at by 63~74 days after transplanting, rapidly decreased after 86~94 days past transplanting and stopped after 106 days past transplanting. When tested by different soil types, methane emission gradually increased in loam and clay loam during early transplant, whereas it sharply increased in sandy loam. The total amount of methane emitted was highest in sandy loam, followed by loam and clay loam. In all three soil types, methane emission significantly reduced when tillage depth was 20 cm compared to 10 cm. The rice growths and yield were not affected by tillage depth. Therefore, reduction of methane emission could be achieved when application hairy vetch to the soil with tillage depth of 20 cm in paddy soil.

단면형 로터리경운날의 경운 특성 (Tillage Characteristics of the Single-Edged Rotary Blade)

  • 이승규;김성태;우종구
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제25권5호
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    • pp.369-378
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study is to developed high-efficient rotary tillage system for a power tiller by improving the rotary blade. A kind of the rotary blade with single-edged blade(DS) was developed that requires lower tillage energy than conventional double-edged blade(CD) on the design theory for Japanese rotary blade. In order to find out the tillage characteristics between the single-edged blade and the double-edged blade for power tiller, experiments were performed in soil-bins which were filled up clay loam, loam and sandy loam, and then analyzed the effects of the factors such as soil texture, travelling speed, rotational speed, and tillage depth to each of the blades. And field tests were carried out to compare tillage performances of the two blades using rotary cultivator driven by conventional power tiller. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1) On the soil bin experiment, it was found that tillage torque of the single-edged blade was less than the ones of the double-edged blade. The decreasing ratios of maximum tillage torque of the single-edged blade to the ones of the double-edged blade were 1 to 8% at clay loam, 5 to 20% at loam and 9 to 31% at sandy loam, respectively. 2) By the field tests, that the tillage performances with the single-edged blade compared with the double-edged blade was improved about 19% in field capacity, about 34% in fuel consumption, and 12.5% in soil breaking ratio. Furthermore, the fluctuation of engine speed, the variation of exhaust gas temperature, and the amount of soil clogging on the blade and straw wound on the rotary shaft showed lower values with the developed blade than the conventional blade. So, it may be concluded that tillage performance by the developed single-edged blade was improved compared with the one by the conventional double-edged blade.

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논토양검정에 의한 토성별 돈분퇴비 적정 시용량 결정 (Effects of Composted Pig Manure on Rice Cultivation in Paddy Soils of Different Texture)

  • 송요성;곽한강;현병근;연병열;김필주
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.265-272
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    • 2001
  • 토양비옥도와 토성이 서로 다른 논토양에서 수도 생산성과 환경을 고려한 가축분퇴비의 적정시용기준량을 확립하기 위하여 남계 사양토, 용지 양토, 화동 식양토에서 돈분퇴비를 0, 5, 10, 20 톤 $ha^{-1}$을 시용하고 추청벼를 공시 품종으로 하여 포장시험을 1년간 수행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 토양검정에 의한 화학비료 시용시 돈분퇴비 적정시용량은 사양토 4.0, 양토와 식양토 7.0 톤 $ha^{-1}$ 이었으며, 이때의 정조 수량은 사양토 7.440, 양토 7.000 식양토 6.020 톤 $ha^{-1}$이었다. 사양토와 양토에서 NPK와 함께 돈분퇴비를 15 톤 $ha^{-1}$ 이상 시용시에는 도복에 의한 수량 감소가 발생되었다. 수확기 식물체의 양분흡수량은 돈분 퇴비 시용량이 증가할수록 많아지는 경향이었으며, 시험 후 토양의 인산과 칼리의 함량은 돈분퇴비 시용량의 증가에 따라 높아지는 경향을 보였으며, 그 외의 성분은 처리구간 큰 차이가 없었다.

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밭작물 소비수량에 관한 기초적 연구(III)-고추 및 가을 무우- (Basic Studies on the Consumptive Use of Water Required for Dry Field Crops (3) -Red Pepper and Radish-)

  • 김철기;김진한;정하우;최홍규;권영현
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.55-71
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    • 1990
  • The purpose of this study is to find out the basic data for irrigation plans of red pepper and radish during the growing period, such as total amount of evapotranspiration, coefficent of evapotranspiration at each growth stage, the peak stage of evapotranspiration, the maximum ten day evapotranspiration , optimum irrigation point, total readily available moisture and intervals of irrigation date. The plots of experiment were arranged with split plot design which were composed of two factors, irrigation point for main plot and soil texture for split plot, and three levels ; irrigation point with pH1.7-2.0, pF2.1-2.4 and pF2.5-2.8, at soil texture of sandy soil, sandy loam and silty clay for both red pepper and radish, with two replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1.1/10 exceedance probability values of maximum total pan evaporation during growing period for red peppr and radish were shown as 663.6 mm and 251.8 mm. respectively, and those of maximum ten day pan evaporation for red pepper and radish, 67.1 mm and 46.9 mm, respectively. 2.The time that annual maximum of ten day pan evaporation can he occurred, exists at any stage between the middle of May and the late of August for red pepper, and at any stage between the late of August and the late September for radish. 3.The magnitude of evapotranspiration and its coefficient for red pepper was occurred large in order of pF1.7-2.0 pF2.1-2.4 and pF2.5~2.8 in aspect of irrigation point and the difference in the magnitude of evapotranspiration and of its coefficient between levels of irrigation point was difficult to be found out due to the relative increase in water consumption resulted from large flourishing growth at the irrigation point in lower water content for radish. In aspect of soil texture they were appeared large in order of sandy loam, silty clay and sandy soil for both red pepper and radish. 4.The magnitude of leaf area index was shown large in order of pF2.1-2.4, pF2.5-2.8, and pFl.7-2.0, for red pepper and of pF2.5-2.8, pF2.1-2.4, pFl.7-2.0 for radish in aspect of irrigation point, and large in order of sandy loam, silty clay, sandy soil for both red pepper and radish in aspect of soil texture 5.1/10 exceedance probability value of evapotranspiration and its coefficient during the growing period for red pepper were shown as 683.5 mm and 1.03, respectively, while those of radish, 250.3 mm and 0, 99. respectively. 6.The time that the maximum evapotranspiration of red pepper can be occurred is in the middle of August around the date of ninetieth to hundredth after transplanting, and the time for radish is presumed to be in the late of September, around the date of thirtieth to fourtieth after sowing. At that time, 1/10 exceedance probability value of ten day evapotranspiration and its coefficient for red pepper is assumed to be 81.8 mm and 1.22, respectively, while those of radish, 49, 7 mm and 1, 06, respectively. 7.Optimum irrigation point for red pepper on the basis of the yield of raw matter is assumed to be pFl.7-2.0 for sandy soil, pF2.5-2.8 for sandy loam, and pF2.1-2.4 for silty clay. while that for radish is appeared to be pF2.5-2.8 in any soil texture used. 8.The soil moisture extraction patterns of red pepper and radish have shown that maximum extraction rates exist at 7 cm deep layer at the beginning stage of growth in any soil texture and that extraction rates of 21 cm to 35 cm deep layer are increased as getting closer to the late stage of growth. And especially the extraction rates have shown tendency to be greatest at 21cm deep layer from the most flourishing stage of growth for red pepper and at the last stage of growth for radish. 9.The total readily available moisture on the basic of the optimum irrigation point become 3.77-8.66 mm for sandy soil, 28.39-34.67 mm for sandy loam and 18.40-25.70 mm for silty clay for red pepper of each soil texture used but that of radish that has shown the optimum irrigation point of pF2.5-2.8 in any soil texture used. 12.49-15.27 mm for sandy soil, 23.03-28.13 mm for sandy loam, and 22.56~27.57 mm for silty clay. 10.On the basis of each optimum irrigation point. the intervals of irrigation date at the growth stage of maximum consumptive use of red pepper become l.4 days for sandy soil, 3.8 days for sandy loam and 2.6 days for silty clay, while those of radish, about 7.2 days.

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