• Title/Summary/Keyword: Classification of habitat

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Ensemble Model Based Intelligent Butterfly Image Identification Using Color Intensity Entropy (컬러 영상 색채 강도 엔트로피를 이용한 앙상블 모델 기반의 지능형 나비 영상 인식)

  • Kim, Tae-Hee;Kang, Seung-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.26 no.7
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    • pp.972-980
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    • 2022
  • The butterfly species recognition technology based on machine learning using images has the effect of reducing a lot of time and cost of those involved in the related field to understand the diversity, number, and habitat distribution of butterfly species. In order to improve the accuracy and time efficiency of butterfly species classification, various features used as the inputs of machine learning models have been studied. Among them, branch length similarity(BLS) entropy or color intensity entropy methods using the concept of entropy showed higher accuracy and shorter learning time than other features such as Fourier transform or wavelet. This paper proposes a feature extraction algorithm using RGB color intensity entropy for butterfly color images. In addition, we develop butterfly recognition systems that combines the proposed feature extraction method with representative ensemble models and evaluate their performance.

Discriminating Domestic Soybeans from Imported Soybeans by 20 MHz Pulsed NMR (20 MHz pulsed NMR을 이용한 국내산과 수입산 콩의 판별)

  • Rho, Jeong-Hae;Lee, Sun-Min;Kim, Young-Boong;Lee, Taek-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.653-659
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    • 2003
  • A 20 MHz pulsed NMR systems was employed to discriminate the geographical origin of soybeans and black beans (yak-kong) from Korea and foreign countries. Crude fat contents measured by soxhlet method were significantly (p<0.05) different between domestic and imported soybeans. Moisture and crude protein contents, measured by AOAC, were significantly different between domestic and imported black beans. In soybeans, values by solid fat content method and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) method using 20 MHz pulsed NMR showed the significant difference among soybeans from various the geographical origins. In black beans (yak-kong), NMR values measured by NMR except $T_1$ SR pulse sequence revealed the significant difference by the geographical origins. The habitat of soybeans and black beans could be identified by canonical discriminant analysis of chemical composition with $70{\sim}91.7\;%$ accuracy. Low field NMR data followed by discriminant analysis, however, granted the 100% of accuracy for classification of soybeans.

Distributional Change and Climate Condition of Warm-temperate Evergreen Broad-leaved Trees in Korea (한반도 난온대 상록활엽수의 분포변화 및 기후조건)

  • Yun, Jong-Hak;Kim, Jung-Hyun;Oh, Kyoung-Hee;Lee, Byoung-Yoon
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.47-56
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    • 2011
  • The research was conducted to find optimal habitats of warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved trees, and to investigate climate factors to determine their distribution using classification tree (CT) analysis. The warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved trees model (EG-model) constructed by CT analysis showed that Mean minimum temperature of the coldest month (TMC) is a major climate factor in determining distribution of warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved trees. The areas above the $-5.95^{\circ}C$ of TMC revealed the optimal habitats of the trees. The coldest month mean temperature (CMT) equitable to $-5.95^{\circ}C$ of TMC is $-1.7^{\circ}C$, which is lower than $-1^{\circ}C$ of CMT of warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved trees. Suitable habitats were defined for warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved trees in Korea. These habitats were classified into two areas according to the value of TMC. One area with more than$-5.95^{\circ}C$ of TMC was favorable to trees if the summer precipitation (PRS) is above 826.5mm; the other one with less than $-5.95^{\circ}C$ of TMC was favorable if PRS is above 1219mm. These favorable conditions of habitats were similar to those of warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved trees in Japan. We figured out from these results that distribution of warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved trees were expanded to inland areas of southern parts of Korean peninsula, and ares with the higher latitude. Finally, the northern limits of warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved trees might be adjusted accordingly.

The Development and Application of Landscape Ecological Planning Model based on Biotop Mapping - A Case study of Large Residential Land Development Area - (비오톱 지도를 토대로 한 경관생태계획 모형개발과 적용 - 대규모 택지개발 예정지를 대상으로 -)

  • Ra, Jung-Hwa;Cho, Hyun-Ju;Kim, Jin-Hyo;Kwon, Oh-Sung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.17-32
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    • 2013
  • Reckless development policy, which has continued during the past several decades, caused landscape damage. In order to solve this problem, it is very urgent to conserve the habitat and to establish systematic database. Recently, various researches related to landscape damage have been conducted actively and the necessity of landscape ecological planning based on the biotop mapping has been issued as one of the solutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to select the study area, which is located in Guji-meon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu and will be formed into Daegu Science Park, and then to develop and apply the landscape ecological planning model based on biotop mapping in district unit. The results are as follows. Fist of all, according to the results of biotop classification with field survey and literature review, total 13 biotop and total 63 biotop types were classified. According to the first evaluation with B-VAT, total 19 biotop types were classified I grade including natural river with abundant plants(BA) and so on. While V grade, which has lowest value, was classified 16 biotop types including vegetable garden adjacent to river(BC). Also the second evaluation, we analyzed total 30 areas such as 1a, 1b grades, which had special meaning for the conservation of species and biotop. Next, 2a, 2b, 2c grades were analyzed total 82 areas. Secondly, in the compliance with Ecological landscape planning, we divided landscape planning model into two parts such as setting of improvement goal and detailed implement plan. For instance, setting of improvement goal, we classified 9 parts such as conservation region and parts of detailed implement plan, we classified total 28 planning indicators with 4 view such as the region which should be special protected from nature and landscape. Lastly, with the developed landscape model we applied to research areas, made maps, and differentiate proposals in each region. Specially, the final master plan was made to help understand the contents of detailed landscape planning. This study will be a useful data, which can solve the landscape damage problem systematically and control it landscape-friendly with biotop classification, evaluation, landscape ecological planning model, and application method which we developed.

Vegetation Diversity and Management Strategy of Mountain Wetlands in Cheonchuksan(Mt.) in Uljin (천축산 일대 산지습지의 식생다양성과 관리방안)

  • Lim, Jeong-cheol;Ahn, Kyung-hwan;Jo, Gwang-jin;Chu, Yeoun-soo;Yoon, Jung-do;Lee, Chang-su;Choi, Byoung-ki
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.264-274
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    • 2020
  • This study aims to clarify the diversity and distribution characteristics of plant communities in four small mountain wetlands located in the high altitude area of Cheonchuk Mountain within the Wangpicheon Basin Ecological Landscape Conservation Area in Seomyeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. A total of 26 vegetation data were collected according to the Z.-M. school's phytosociological vegetation survey method considering the homogeneity of habitat type and species composition. Four physiognomic vegetation types composed of 9 syntaxa was confirmed through vegetation classification according to dominant correlation and vegetation type classification considering species composition. The Iris ensata var. spontanea-Molinia arundinacea community is a dominant plant community representing the research area. After human use, vegetation is developing through natural transition in a homogeneous location left unattended, but the distribution of other plant communities was rarely observed due to the narrow wetland area. The microtopography and hydrological environment of each wetland were identified as key factors affecting the diversity and distribution of vegetation.

The Tresnds of Artiodactyla Researches in Korea, China and Japan using Text-mining and Co-occurrence Analysis of Words (텍스트마이닝과 동시출현단어분석을 이용한 한국, 중국, 일본의 우제목 연구 동향 분석)

  • Lee, Byeong-Ju;Kim, Baek-Jun;Lee, Jae Min;Eo, Soo Hyung
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2019
  • Artiodactyla, which is an even-toed mammal, widely inhabits worldwide. In recent years, wild Artiodactyla species have attracted public attention due to the rapid increase of crop damage and road-kill caused by wild Artiodactyla such as water deer and wild boar and the decrease of some species such as long-tailed goral and musk deer. In spite of such public attention, however, there have been few studies on Artiodactyla in Korea, and no studies have focused on the trend analysis of Artiodactyla, making it difficult to understand actual problems. Many recent studies on trend used text-mining and co-occurrence analysis to increase objectivity in the classification of research subjects by extracting keywords appearing in literature and quantifying relevance between words. In this study, we analyzed texts from research articles of three countries (Korea, China, and Japan) through text-mining and co-occurrence analysis and compared the research subjects in each country. We extracted 199 words from 665 articles related to Artiodactyla of three countries through text-mining. Three word-clusters were formed as a result of co-occurrence analysis on extracted words. We determined that cluster1 was related to "habitat condition and ecology", cluster2 was related to "disease" and cluster3 was related to "conservation genetics and molecular ecology". The results of comparing the rates of occurrence of each word clusters in each country showed that they were relatively even in China and Japan whereas Korea had a prevailing rate (69%) of cluster2 related to "disease". In the regression analysis on the number of words per year in each cluster, the number of words in both China and Japan increased evenly by year in each cluster while the rate of increase of cluster2 was five times more than the other clusters in Korea. The results indicate that Korean researches on Artiodactyla tended to focus on diseases more than those in China and Japan, and few researchers considered other subjects including habitat characteristics, behavior and molecular ecology. In order to control the damage caused by Artiodactyla and to establish a reasonable policy for the protection of endangered species, it is necessary to accumulate basic ecological data by conducting researches on wild Artiodactyla more.

Shell Deposits in the Lower Cretaceous Hasandong Formation from Daesong-ri, Geumnam-myeon, Hadong-gun - Occurrences, Taphonomy, Paleoenvironments, and Implications in Geological Heritage - (하동군 금남면 대송리 부근의 하산동층에서 산출되는 패각화석층 - 산상, 화석화과정, 고환경 및 지질유산으로서의 의미 -)

  • Paik, In Sung;Kim, Na Young;Kim, Hyun Joo
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.4-29
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    • 2011
  • Paleoenvironments of the shell deposit-bearing sequence in the Hasandong Formation at Daesong-ri area, Hadong-gun, Korea, are interpreted on the basis of sedimentary facies and taphonomy of the shell deposits, with a discussion of their stratigraphic implications. A shell deposit-bearing sequence without reddish beds is mostly grayish, and the bedding is laterally extensive. These deposits are interpreted to have been formed in sandflats, mudflats, and shallow lakes generated by flooding on an alluvial plain. The shell deposits are classified into three types according to the occurrence, and the concentration of a single species of Brotiopsis wakinoensis in the shell deposits is deemed to have been attributed to the exclusive inhabitation of the genus Brotiopsis. Type 1 and 2 shell deposits are interpreted to have been fossilized in sandflats and mudflats after death in their habitat of shallow lakes and subsequent transformation by sheetflooding and lake flooding. Type 3 shell deposits are interpreted to have been fossilized in their habitat of shallow lakes during a stabilized period of lake development. The development of the shell deposit-bearing lacustrine sequence in a few tens of meters in thickness in the Hasandong Formation of fluvial deposits is compared to the shift of depositional environments from the Hasandong Formation (fluvial deposits) through the Jinju Formation (lacustrine deposits) to the Chilgok Formation (alluvial plain deposits), which suggests that additional lithostratigraphic classification is needed in the Hasandong Formation. The shell deposits at the study area can provide valuable data to understanding the paleoenvironments during the Early Cretaceous Period of Korea, and should give basic data to evaluate the value of the Cretaceous mollusc deposits in Korea as a geological heritage.

Analysis of the Naemorhedus caudatus Population in Odaesan National Park - The Goral Individually Identification and Statistical Analysis Using the Sensor Camera - (오대산국립공원 산양(Naemorhedus caudatus) 개체 수 분석 - 무인센서카메라 분석을 이용한 개체 구분 및 통계 분석 -)

  • Kim, Gyu-cheol;Lee, Yong-hak;Lee, Dong-un;Son, Jang-ick;Kang, Jae-gu;Cho, Chea-un
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2020
  • This study conducted a full survey of the goral population using sensor cameras to identify the exact habitat of the gorals that inhabit Odaesan National Park and for restoration and habitat management-focused conservation projects following the population growth. We surveyed Odaesan National Park for a year in 2018 and selected18 grids (2km×2km) first based on the survey results. We then further divided each grid into four small grids (1km×1km) and installed a total of 62 sensor cameras in 38 small girds divided by four grids(1km×1km). The survey resulted in a total of 5,096 photographed wild animals, 2,268 of which were gorals, and the analysis by the classification table of goral (horn shape (Ⓐ), ring pattern (Ⓑ), ring formation ratio (Ⓒ), and facial color (Ⓓ)) identified a total of 95 animals. The ratio of male and female was 35 males (36.8%), 46 females (48.4%), and 14 sex unknowns (14.7%), while the ratio of female and male excluding sex unknowns was 4 (male):6 (female). The horn shape (Ⓐ) and face color (Ⓓ) were the important factors for distinguishing male and female and identifying individuals. The analysis of the correlation of 81 individuals, excluding 14 individuals of unknown sex, showed a significant difference (r=-0.635, p<0.01). Since the goral population in Odaesan National Park has reached a minimum viable population, it is necessary to change the focus of the management policy of Odaesan National Park from restoration to conservation.

Types of Scenic Sites of State-Designated Cultural Property and Relationship between Pal-Kyung and Doncheon-Gugok (국가 지정 문화재 '명승'의 유형과 팔경(八景), 동천구곡(洞天九曲)과의 연관성)

  • Rho, Jae Hyun;Shin, Sang Sup
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.128-159
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    • 2010
  • In this study, the progress of domestic cultural properties designation, the changes and problems in classification were examined, and the relationship among Traditional Pal-kyung, Dongcheon-gukok, and Modern Pal-kyung were investigated targeting total of 68 cases of state-designated cultural properties of scenic sites in order to show that the traditional significance and value are being inherited today. The major results of this study are as follows. First, increase in scenic site designations with historical, cultural, and scenic characteristics can be viewed as an active intent to embrace the concepts such as cultural utilities, historical characteristics, literary value, and ideological backgrounds, which were specified as the basis for designation in the early Cultural Property Protection Law. Accordingly, it is very encouraging that the concept of cultural attractions such as traditional gardens and observatory points are regarded as an important standard for designation of scenic sites. Second, as for the classification of scenic sites per type, it was found that 'places with excellent natural scenery' were 44.16%(30 cases), followed by 'famous buildings or gardens and places with important legend' occupying 30.9%(21 cases), 'places with famous scenery' occupying 13.2%(9 cases), 'places with outstanding historical cultural and scenic value' that occupying 10.3%(7 cases), and 'animal and vegetation habitat with beautiful scenery' (1 case). Third, according to the current classification standards for scenic sites, there were only 7 cases which could be classified into Pal-kyungs(Famous 8 Sceneries) and 3 cases classified into Dongcheon(beautiful scenery surrounded by mountains and rivers), but there was no Gugok(beautiful valleys). Consequently, in terms of external appearance, the scenic sites among the total scenic sites that could be classified into Palkyung and Gugok were only 14.7%(10 cases). Fourth, the traditional scenic sites based on literal references and Internet analysis occupied 67.7%(46 cases), which were found to be scenic sites related to the traditional Pal-kyung among which 38 cases(55.9% of 46 cases) were included based on the scenery and 8 cases(11.8% of 46 cases) were included due to the scenery at the time. Fifth, there were 8(11.8%) scenic sites which were related to Dongcheon, and 4 cases(5.9%) related to Gugok. Also, it was found that total of 40(48.9%) scenic sites designated as modern scenic sites were playing the role of local scenic sites, and they were used as the tourism advertising contents. Sixth, it was identified that there were 62 cases(91.2%) of scenic sites in total related to traditional and modern Pal-kyung or Dongcheon-gugok, and unlike explicit classifications, most of the designated scenic sites were found to be deeply connected with the historical and cultural significance contained in the scenaries.

A Study on the Plant Community Structure of Carpinus turczaninowii in Islands of Incheon and Gyeonggi-do - Case Study of Seokmo, Yeongjong, Yeongheung and Daebu Island - (인천 및 경기도 도서지역 소사나무림 군집구조분석 연구 - 석모도, 영종도, 영흥도 및 대부도를 대상으로 -)

  • Kim, Yong-Hoon;Kwon, Oh-Jung;Ban, Su-Hong;Oh, Choong-Hyeon
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.68-80
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    • 2021
  • This study aimed to provide basic data such as the structure of the Carpinus turczaninowii community and characteristics of the habitat environment for ex situ conservation by analyzing the plant community structure of Carpinus turczaninowii, an island plant resource. For the community structure analysis, this study established 29 plots, sized 100㎡ each, in Seokmo, Yeongjong, Yeongheung, and Daebu islands. TWINSPAN was used for the classification of communities. The classification identified six communities. Group I was the C. turczaninowii-Quercus serrata community, group II was the C. turczaninowii-Pinus densiflora community, group III was the C. turczaninowii-Quercus mongolica community, group IV was the C. turczaninowii-Sorbus alnifolia community, group V was the C. turczaninowii typical community, and group VI was the C. turczaninowii-Quercus variabilis community. The species diversity was 0.90008~1.12868, the dominance was 0.17536~0.25665, and the similarity index was 17.1429~38.2979%. The result of correlation analysis of 7 environmental factors for 6 communities by RDA ordination showed a positive correlation between the crown density and litter layer and a negative correlation between the bare rock, soil hardness, and altitude on the 1st axis. On the 2nd axis, the bare rock and crown density showed a positive correlation, and the slope showed a negative correlation. In the C. turczaninowii-Quercus serrata community (I), the crown density and the litter layer were the environmental factors affecting the vegetation distribution. In the C. turczaninowii-Pinus densiflora (II) and C. turczaninowii-Quercus mongolica (III) communities, the slope was the factor affecting vegetation distribution. In the C. turczaninowii-Sorbus alnifolia (IV), C. turczaninowii typical (V), and C. turczaninowii-Quercus variabilis (VI) communities, the bare rock, altitude, and soil hardness were the factors affecting vegetation distribution.