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An analysis of the implementation plans for ensuring basic academic abilities in mathematics (수학 교과의 기초학력 보장과 관련된 시·도 교육청의 시행계획 분석)

  • Oh, MinYoung;You, EunJung;Pang, JeongSuk
    • Education of Primary School Mathematics
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.173-185
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    • 2024
  • Mathematics is a subject that is closely related to ensuring basic academic abilities. As the importance of basic academic abilities has emerged recently, various policies and programs have been implemented to ensure basic academic abilities in mathematics. In this study, we extracted the programs related to mathematics from the Implementation Plans of the Basic Academic Abilities Guarantee of 17 city and provincial education departments and analyzed the actual status of the programs. We divided the programs into diagnosis and support. Regarding diagnosis, we analyzed what types of diagnostic tools are used, who chooses diagnostic tools, who is diagnosed, and when students are diagnosed. Regarding support, we classified it as in-class, in-school, and out-of-school support, and further analyzed the type of the learning support program and the expertise of the instructor. The results of this study showed that there was room for improvement in the timing of diagnosis and diagnostic expertise. This study also found the problems with the lack of preventive programs, ensuring teacher expertise, and support for dyscalculia. This study is expected to contribute to the implementation of programs to ensure basic academic abilities in mathematics and to promote research on basic academic abilities in mathematics education.

Experimental Study to Evaluate the Durability of 100 MPa Class Ultra-high Strength Centrifugal Molding Concrete (100MPa급 초고강도 원심성형 콘크리트의 내구성 평가를 위한 실험연구)

  • Jeong-Hoi Kim;Sung-Jin Kim;Doo-Sung Lee
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.12-23
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    • 2024
  • In this study, a structural concrete square beam was developed using the centrifugal molding technique. In order to secure the bending stiffness of the cross section, the hollow rate of the cross section was set to 10% or less. Instead of using the current poor mixture of concrete and a concrete mixing ratio with a high slump (150-200) and a design strength of 100 MPa or more was developed and applied. In order to investigate the durability of centrifugally formed PSC square beams to be used as the superstructure of the avalanch tunnel or ramen bridge, the durability performance of ultra-high-strength centrifugally formed concrete with a compressive strength of 100 MPa was evaluated in terms of deterioration and chemical resistance properties.Concrete durability tests, including chloride penetration resistance, accelerated carbonation, sulfate erosion resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, and scaling resistance, were performed on centrifugally formed square beam test specimens produced in 2022 and 2023. Considering the information verified in this study, the durability of centrifugally molded concrete, which has increased watertightness in the later manufacturing stage, was found to be superior to that of general concrete.

A Case of Developing Performance Evaluation Model for Korean Defense Informatization (국방정보화 수준평가 모델 개발 사례)

  • Gyoo Gun Lim;Dae Chul Lee;Hyuk Jin Kwon;Sung Rim Cho
    • Information Systems Review
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.23-45
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    • 2017
  • The ROK military is making a great effort and investment in establishing network-centric warfare, a future battlefield concept, as a major step in the establishment of a basic plan for military innovation. In the military organization level, an advanced process is introduced to shorten the command control time of the military and the business process is improved to shorten the decision time. In the information system dimension, an efficient resource management is achieved by establishing an automated command control system and a resource management information system by using the battle management information system. However, despite these efforts, we must evaluate the present level of informatization in an objective manner and assess the current progress toward the future goal of the military by using objective indicators. In promoting informatization, we must systematically identify the correct areas of improvement and identify policy directions to supplement in the future. Therefore, by analyzing preliminary research, workshops, and expert discussions on the major informatization level evaluation models at home and abroad, this study develops an evaluation model and several indicators that systematically reflect the characteristics of military organizations. The developed informatization level evaluation model is verified by conducting a feasibility test for the troops of the operation class or higher. We expect that this model will be able to objectively diagnose the level of informatization of the ROK military by putting budget and resources into the right place at the right time and to rapidly improve the vulnerability of the information sector.

Analyzing the Co-occurrence of Endangered Brackish-Water Snails with Other Species in Ecosystems Using Association Rule Learning and Clustering Analysis (연관 규칙 학습과 군집분석을 활용한 멸종위기 기수갈고둥과 생태계 내 종 간 연관성 분석)

  • Sung-Ho Lim;Yuno Do
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.57 no.2
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2024
  • This study utilizes association rule learning and clustering analysis to explore the co-occurrence and relationships within ecosystems, focusing on the endangered brackish-water snail Clithon retropictum, classified as Class II endangered wildlife in Korea. The goal is to analyze co-occurrence patterns between brackish-water snails and other species to better understand their roles within the ecosystem. By examining co-occurrence patterns and relationships among species in large datasets, association rule learning aids in identifying significant relationships. Meanwhile, K-means and hierarchical clustering analyses are employed to assess ecological similarities and differences among species, facilitating their classification based on ecological characteristics. The findings reveal a significant level of relationship and co-occurrence between brackish-water snails and other species. This research underscores the importance of understanding these relationships for the conservation of endangered species like C. retropictum and for developing effective ecosystem management strategies. By emphasizing the role of a data-driven approach, this study contributes to advancing our knowledge on biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health, proposing new directions for future research in ecosystem management and conservation strategies.

Discovery of a Novel Cellobiose Dehydrogenase from Cellulomonas palmilytica EW123 and Its Sugar Acids Production

  • Ake-kavitch Siriatcharanon;Sawannee Sutheeworapong;Sirilak Baramee;Rattiya Waeonukul;Patthra Pason;Akihiko Kosugi;Ayaka Uke;Khanok Ratanakhanokchai;Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.457-466
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    • 2024
  • Cellobiose dehydrogenases (CDHs) are a group of enzymes belonging to the hemoflavoenzyme group, which are mostly found in fungi. They play an important role in the production of acid sugar. In this research, CDH annotated from the actinobacterium Cellulomonas palmilytica EW123 (CpCDH) was cloned and characterized. The CpCDH exhibited a domain architecture resembling class-I CDH found in Basidiomycota. The cytochrome c and flavin-containing dehydrogenase domains in CpCDH showed an extra-long evolutionary distance compared to fungal CDH. The amino acid sequence of CpCDH revealed conservative catalytic amino acids and a distinct flavin adenine dinucleotide region specific to CDH, setting it apart from closely related sequences. The physicochemical properties of CpCDH displayed optimal pH conditions similar to those of CDHs but differed in terms of optimal temperature. The CpCDH displayed excellent enzymatic activity at low temperatures (below 30℃), unlike other CDHs. Moreover, CpCDH showed the highest substrate specificity for disaccharides such as cellobiose and lactose, which contain a glucose molecule at the non-reducing end. The catalytic efficiency of CpCDH for cellobiose and lactose were 2.05 × 105 and 9.06 × 104 (M-1 s-1), respectively. The result from the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra confirmed the presence of cellobionic and lactobionic acids as the oxidative products of CpCDH. This study establishes CpCDH as a novel and attractive bacterial CDH, representing the first report of its kind in the Cellulomonas genus.

Characteristics and classification of paddy soils on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains (김제만경평야(金堤萬頃平野)의 답토양특성(沓土壤特性)과 그 분류(分類)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Shin, Yong Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.1-38
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    • 1972
  • This study, designed to establish a classification system of paddy soils and suitability groups on productivity and management of paddy land based on soil characteristics, has been made for the paddy soils on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains. The morphological, physical and chemical properties of the 15 paddy soil series found on these plains are briefly as follows: Ten soil series (Baeggu, Bongnam, Buyong, Gimje, Gongdeog, Honam, Jeonbug, Jisan, Mangyeong and Suam) have a B horizon (cambic B), two soil series (Geugrag and Hwadong) have a Bt horizon (argillic B), and three soil series (Gwanghwal, Hwagye and Sindab) have no B or Bt horizons. Uniquely, both the Bongnam and Gongdeog series contain a muck layer in the lower part of subsoil. Four soil series (Baeggu, Gongdeog, Gwanghwal and Sindab) generally are bluish gray and dark gray, and eight soil series (Bongnam, Buyong, Gimje, Honam, Jeonbug, Jisan, Mangyeong and Suam) are either gray or grayish brown. Three soil series (Geugrag, Hwadong and Hwagye), however, are partially gleyed in the surface and subsurface, but have a yellowish brown to brown subsoil or substrata. Seven soil series (Bongnam, Buyong, Geugrag, Gimje, Gongdeog, Honam and Hwadong) are of fine clayey texture, three soil series (Baeggu, Jeonbug and Jisan) belong to fine loamy and fine silty, three soil series (Gwanghwal, Mangyeong and Suam) to coarse loamy and coarse silty, and two soil series (Hwagye and Sindab) to sandy and sandy skeletal texture classes. The carbon content of the surface soil ranges from 0.29 to 2.18 percent, mostly 1.0 to 2.0 percent. The total nitrogen content of the surface soil ranges from 0.03 to 0.25 percent, showing a tendency to decrease irregularly with depth. The C/N ratio in the surface soil ranges from 4.6 to 15.5, dominantly from 8 to 10. The C/N ratio in the subsoil and substrata, however, has a wide range from 3.0 to 20.25. The soil reaction ranges from 4.5 to 8.0. All soil series except the Gwanghwal and Mangyeong series belong to the acid reaction class. The cation exchange cpacity in the surface soil ranges from 5 to 13 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil, and in all the subsoil and substrata except those of a sandy texture, from 10 to 20 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil. The base saturation of the soil series except Baeggu and Gongdeog is more than 60 percent. The active iron content of the surface soil ranges from 0.45 to 1.81 ppm, easily-reduceable manganese from 15 to 148 ppm, and available silica from 36 to 366 ppm. The iron and manganese are generally accumulated in a similar position (10 to 70cm. depth), and silica occurs in the same horizon with that of iron and manganese, or in the deeper horizons in the soil profile. The properties of each soil series extending from the sea shore towards the continental plains change with distance and they are related with distance (x) as follows: y(surface soil, clay content) = $$-0.2491x^2+6.0388x-1.1251$$ y(subsoil or subsurface soil, clay content) = $$-0.31646x^2+7.84818x-2.50008$$ y(surface soil, organic carbon content) = $$-0.0089x^2+0.2192x+0.1366$$ y(subsoil or subsurface soil, pH) = $$-0.0178x^2-0.04534x+8.3531$$ Soil profile development, soil color, depositional and organic layers, soil texture and soil reaction etc. are thought to be the major items that should be considered in a paddy soil classification. It was found that most of the soils belonging to the moderately well, somewhat poorly and poorly drained fine and medium textured soils and moderately deep fine textured soils over coarse materials, produce higher paddy yields in excess of 3,750 kg/ha. and most of the soils belonging to the coarse textured soils, well drained fine textured soils, moderately deep medium textured soils over coarse materials and saline soils, produce yields less than 3,750kg/ha. Soil texture of the profile, available soil depth, salinity and gleying of the surface and subsurface soils etc. seem to be the major factors determining rice yields, and these factors are considered when establishing suitability groups for paddy land. The great group, group, subgroup, family and series are proposed for the classification categories of paddy soils. The soil series is the basic category of the classification. The argillic horizon (Bt horizon) and cambic horizon (B horizon) are proposed as two diagnostic horizons of great group level for the determination of the morphological properties of soils in the classification. The specific soil characteristics considered in the group and subgroup levels are soil color of the profile (bluish gray, gray or yellowish brown), salinity (salic), depositonal (fluvic) and muck layers (mucky), and gleying of surface and subsurface soils (gleyic). The family levels are classified on the basis of soil reaction, soil texture and gravel content of the profile. The definitions are given on each classification category, diagnostic horizons and specific soil characteristics respectively. The soils on these plains are classified in eight subgroups and examined under the existing classification system. Further, the suitability group, can be divided into two major categories, suitability class and subclass. The soils within a suitability class are similar in potential productivity and limitation on use and management. Class 1 through 4 are distinguished from each other by combination of soil characteristics. Subclasses are divided from classes that have the same kind of dominant limitations such as slope(e), wettness(w), sandy(s), gravels(g), salinity(t) and non-gleying of the surface and subsurface soils(n). The above suitability classes and subclasses are examined, and the definitions are given. Seven subclasses are found on these plains for paddy soils. The classification and suitability group of 15 paddy soil series on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains may now be tabulated as follows.

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Effects of enucleation and chemotherapy in advanced intraocular and intraorbital retinoblastoma with or without radiotherapy (진행된 안구내 및 안와내 망막모세포종에서 안구적출술과 항암화학치료 및 방사선조사 유무에 따른 효과)

  • Lee, Jae Min;Lee, Hyun Dong;Hah, Jeong Ok
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.84-88
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    • 2008
  • Purpose : Radiotherapy is effective in local treatment for retinoblastoma. However, asymmetric facial hypoplasia after radiation is a serious late effect. This study was performed to investigate the effects of enucleation and chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy in advanced intraocular and intraorbital retinoblastoma. Methods : Between 1985 October and 2006 December, the records of thirty five patients who were diagnosed as retinoblastoma at Yeungnam University Hospital were reviewed. Advanced intraocular and intraorbital retinoblastoma patients classified as Reese-Ellsworth group III, IV, and V and Grabowski- Abramson class II were selected for the study. Results : Eighteen patients were enrolled in this study. All patients were enucleated and had received chemotherapy. Nine patients received radiotherapy and nine patients didn't receive radiotherapy. Tumor cells were found on resection margin of optic nerve in five of nine patients who received radiotherapy, but none of nine who didn't receive radiotherapy. Chemotherapy included vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, VM-26, cisplatin before 2001, and vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin after 2001. There were no recurrences or metastases in nine patients who didn't receive radiotherapy. But two of nine patients who received radiotherapy had metastases to brain. However, all survivors who received radiotherapy had significant facial asymmetry. Conclusion : In advanced intraocular and intraorbital retinoblastoma without tumor cell on resection margin of optic nerve, enucleation and chemotherapy without local radiotherapy appears to be safe for long-term survival. However, in those with tumor cells on resection margin of optic nerve, enucleation and chemotherapy with local radiotherapy seems to be necessary to improve survival.

Quantitative Expression Analysis of Functional Genes in Four Dog Breeds (개의 네 품종에서 기능 유전자들에 대한 정량적 발현 분석)

  • Gim, Jeong-An;Kim, Sang-Hoon;Lee, Hee-Eun;Jeong, Hoim;Nam, Gyu-Hwi;Kim, Min Kyu;Huh, Jae-Won;Choi, Bong-Hwan;Kim, Heui-Soo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.25 no.8
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    • pp.861-869
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    • 2015
  • One of the domesticated species; the dog has been selectively bred for various aims by human. The dog has many breeds, which are artificially selected for specific behaviors and morphologies. Dogs contribute their life to human as working dogs for guide, rescue, detection or etc. Working dogs requires good personality, such as gentleness, robustness and patience for performing their special duty. Many studies have concentrated on finding genetic marker for selecting the high-quality working dog. In this study, we confirmed quantitative expression patterns of eight genes (ABAT; 4-Aminobutyrate Aminotransferase, PLCB1; Phospholipase C, Beta 1, SLC10A4; Solute Carrier Family 10, Member 4, WNT1; Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family, Member 1, BARX2; BarH-Like Homeobox 2, NEUROD6; Neuronal Differentiation 6, SEPT9; Septin 9 and TBR1; T-Box, Brain, 1) among brains tissues from four dog breeds (Beagle, Sapsaree, Shepherd and Jindo), because these genes were expressed and have functions in brain mostly. Specially, BARX2, SEPT9, SLC10A4, TBR1 and WNT1 genes were highly expressed in Beagle and Jindo, and Sapsaree and German Shepherd were vice versa. The biological significance of total genes was estimated by database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID) to determine a different gene ontology (GO) class. In these analyses, we suppose to these eight genes could provide influential information for brain development, and intelligence of organisms. Taken together, these results could provide clues to discover biomarker related to functional traits in brain, and beneficial for selecting superior working dogs.

Design Information Management System Core Development Using Industry Foundation Classes (IFC를 이용한 설계정보관리시스템 핵심부 구축)

  • Lee Keun-hyung;Chin Sang-yoon;Kim Jae-jun
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.1 no.2 s.2
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    • pp.98-107
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    • 2000
  • Increased use of computers in AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) has expanded the amount of information gained from CAD (Computer Aided Design), PMIS (Project Management Information System), Structural Analysis Program, and Scheduling Program as well as making it more complex. And the productivity of AEC industry is largely dependent on well management and efficient reuse of this information. Accordingly, such trend incited much research and development on ITC (Information Technology in Construction) and CIC (Computer Integrated Construction) to be conducted. In exemplifying such effort, many researchers studied and researched on IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) since its development by IAI (International Alliance for Interoperability) for the product based information sharing. However, in spite of some valuable outputs, these researches are yet in the preliminary stage and deal mainly with conceptual ideas and trial implementations. Research on unveiling the process of the IFC application development, the core of the Design Information management system, and its applicable plan still need be done. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to determine the technologies needed for Design Information management system using IFC, and to present the key roles and the process of the IFC application development and its applicable plan. This system play a role to integrate the architectural information and the structural information into the product model and to group many each product items with various levels and aspects. To make the process model, we defined two activities, 'Product Modeling', 'Application Development', at the initial level. Then we decomposed the Application Development activity into five activities, 'IFC Schema Compile', 'Class Compile', 'Make Project Database Schema', 'Development of Product Frameworker', 'Make Project Database'. These activities are carried out by C++ Compiler, CAD, ObjectStore, ST-Developer, and ST-ObjectStore. Finally, we proposed the applicable process with six stages, '3D Modeling', 'Creation of Product Information', 'Creation and Update of Database', 'Reformation of Model's Structure with Multiple Hierarchies', 'Integration of Drawings and Specifications', and 'Creation of Quantity Information'. The IFCs, including the other classes which are going to be updated and developed newly on the construction, civil/structure, and facility management, will be used by the experts through the internet distribution technologies including CORBA and DCOM.

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Comparison of Health Status and Nutrient Intakes of Elders Who Participated in MOW and Free Congregate Meal Services (가정배달급식과 무료 회합급식 이용 노인의 건강 및 영양섭취상태 비교)

  • Chung, Eun-Jung;Shim, Eu-Gene
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.36 no.11
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    • pp.1399-1408
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    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to compare health and nutritional status of 45 home-living elderly people receiving free Meals on Wheels (MOW) (13 men, 32 women) and 81 low income class elderly people receiving free congregate meals (CM) (10 men, 71 women) served in Seoul. Data were obtained from questionnaires, anthropometry and interviews for the 24-hour dietary recall methods. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age and body mass index. Education level, type of housing, family type and income of the two groups also were not significantly different. In MOW, frequencies of exercise were lower while the prevalence of stroke, respiratory disease and loneliness were higher, compared with the CM. The scores of ADL, IADL and food habit of MOW were lower than those of CM. The average daily nutritional intake of both MOW and CM were as a whole under the DRI for Koreans. Energy and macro-nutrient intakes of MOW were tended to be lower than CM (except protein intakes for female). Ca, K, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C and folate intakes of MOW were less than 50% of DRI. Percentages of subjects consuming energy less than 75% of EER and 4 nutrients intakes less than EAR were higher in MOW (42.2%) than in CM (1.2%). Our results indicated that dietary nutritional status of MOW was very poor, especially in the case of female elderly groups. For the welfare of the home-living elderly people receiving free MOW, meal service programs should be improved in quality of diet by national supports.