• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.223-235
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• 2003

An indirect or supplementary approach is proposed for determining the parameters of the Clark's model in order to improve existing defect in estimating the parameters. The gamma-distribution type function is employed to represent the Clark's model, which takes the same form as the Nash's model, so that parameter estimation is not difficult since it can be performed with a simple optimization process. Analytic forms of Clark's models parameters are introduced using parameters of the proposed methodology to give traditional form of Clark's. An application to a watershed has shown that the proposed approach can preserve the properties of observed data. Based the application, the new approach is recommended as an alternative to the existing parameter estimating methodology.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.427-435
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• 1999

The Clark unit hydrograph is a three parameter synthetic unit hydrograph procedure that can be used in flood hydrology. The present work is an attempt to estimate parameters of the Clark model in ungaged basin by means of relationships that provides for the hydrologic similarity. The time area concentration curve was determined by analytic method and the Clark model was generalized by being made dimensionless form. Calculation of the concentration time was made with the formula fractal concept used, and the storage coefficient was estimated by the empirical and regional equation. Evaluation on Dongok basin was performed to prove the validity of the proposed model. The derived hydrograph predicted the observed hydrograph fairly well.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2002.05b
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• pp.1334-1339
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to help practicing engineers easily use the Clark model which is used for estimating the magnitude of design flood for small stream. A representative unit hydrograph was derived on the basis of the past rainfall-runoff data and unit hydrographs, and the storage coefficient of Clark model was estimated by using hydrograph recession analysis. Since the storage coefficient(K) is a dominating factor among the parameters of Clark method, a mulitple regression formula, which has the drainage area, main channel length and slope as parameters, is propsed to estimate K value of a basin where measured data are missing. The result of regression analysis showed that there is a correlation between a storage coefficient(K) and aforemetioned three parameters in homogenious basins. A regression formular for K was derived using these correlations in a basin of Han River, Nakdong River, Young River, Kum River and Sumjin River

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1188-1192
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• 2004

본 연구는 그동안 우리나라 강우-유출분석에 주로 이용되어 왔던 Clark 단위도를 선택하여 그 매개변수와 유역반응과의 관계를 고찰하였다. 대상유역으로 국제수문개발계획 시험유역 하나인 위천유역과 남강, 주암댐을 대상유역으로 선정하여, 실측강우-유출자료에 근거하여 최적화된 단위도를 유도한 후, Clark 단위도의 집중시간(Tc)과 저류상수(K)를 산정하였다. 본 연구를 수행한 결과, 유역에서의 각 홍수사상별 첨두홍수량에 대한 Clark 단위도의 매개변수인 집중시간, 저류상수와 유역반응과의 관계를 규명할 수 있었다. 집중 시간과 저류상수는 모두 작은 홍수사상에서는 지수적으로 감소하지만 어느 홍수량 크기 이상부터는 거의 일정한 집중시간을 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 이는 큰 홍수사상에서는 유역의 선형성을 재현하고 있음을 보여주는 것이다. 또한, 이를 통해 우리나라에서 홍수량 산정시에 사용되어 오고 있는 대표단위도 개념은 큰 홍수사상에 적용될 경우에는 과소한 홍수량을 산정하므로 새로운 개념의 단위도 적용이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02b
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• pp.113.1-113.1
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• 2009

• Architectural research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2018

This article explores the complex modes of experiencing the modern city that are engaging and disengaging by nature, which thus negates any simple ways of understanding what it means by 'the urban' in a Manichean comparison. What follows is an in-depth case study of Gordon Matta-Clark's 1976 film titled City Slivers. Influenced by the countercultural practices prevalent in the 1960s and 1970s, Matta-Clark produced a number of works roughly grouped together under the rubric of "building cuts." Among many others, City Slivers is distinctive among Matta-Clark's extensive cutting projects, in the sense that he actively utilizes film as a primary expressive medium and poetically reassembles fragmentary images of cityscape in order to bring forth an alternative urban scenario where the tension between institution-bound urbanization and dispersed daily urban practices is highlighted. Instead of simply being critical against the changing urban conditions of Manhattan in the 1970s, Matta-Clark aims to actively grasp ambivalent instances of urban life that are at once attractive and alienating, thereby excavating the subconscious terrain of contemporary urbanism that is prevalent but often dismissed over glamorous urban projects.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

This study was intended to investigate the rainfall-runoff relationship with spatially distributed rainfall data, and then, to analyze and quantify the uncertainty induced by spatially averaging rainfall data. For constructing spatially distributed rainfall data, several historical rainfall events were extended spatially by simple kriging method based on the semivariogram as a function of the relative distance. Runoff was computed by two models; one was the modified Clark model with spatially distributed rainfall data and the other was the conventional Clark model with spatially averaged rainfall data. Rainfall errors and discharge errors occurred through this process were defined and analyzed with respect to various rain-gage network densities. The following conclusions were derived as the results of this work; 1) The conventional Clark parameters could be appropriate for translating spatially distributed rainfall data. 2) The parameters estimated by the modified Clark model are more stable than those of the conventional Clark model. 3) Rainfall and discharge errors are shown to be reduced exponentially as the density of rain-gage network is increased. 4) It was found that discharge errors were affected largely by rainfall errors as the rain-gage network density was small.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.14
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• pp.91-96
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• 1973

This study was conducted to determine optimum canopy type for dense planting with three soybean varieties possessing different types of canopy. The experimental plots were arranged in split-split plot design. Branches and pods per plant were both reduced by close planting, particularly keen responses were observed in the variety Clark. Number of nodes per plant seems a characteristics of each variety and was independent character from the plant height. Clark, tall variety, was most resistant to lodging and it may be due to the elasticity of the stem. Seed yields of Jangdan-Baikmok, branching type, tended to be lower at the dense spacing, whereas, branchless type variety Clark was higher in seed yield at the dense planting. These results indicate that the plant type possessing more nodes and less branching per plant with be suitable for dense planting.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1915-1919
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• 2007

하천관리 및 수공구조물의 설계 등을 위한 빈도별 홍수량 산정 시 이용되는 방법에는 Clark 단위도법, Snyder 단위도법, KICT 단위도법 등이 있다. 이 중 대표적인 합성단위도법인 Clark 단위도법은 실무에서 가장 많이 사용되는 방법으로 꼽을 수 있으나, Clark 단위도법 매개변수인 집중시간$(T_c)$과 저류상수(K)를 추정하는 것은 단순하지 않다. Clark 단위도법의 매개변수 추정은 계측 유역인 경우와 미계측 유역인 경우로 나눌 수 있는데 대부분의 경우 미계측 유역의 도달시간 및 저류상수를 추정하는 방법으로 홍수량을 산정하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 감천유역을 대상유역으로 선정하였으며, 김천수위표 지점을 유출지점으로 선정하여 홍수량을 산정하였다. 호우사상은 김천수위국의 수위-유량 곡선식으로 유출량의 검정이 가능한 년도를 고려하여 1998${\sim}$2005년 사이의 호우사상 중 분석이 가능한 것으로 판단되는 부항2와 김천 강우관측소의 시강우 자료를 선정하였다. 선정된 호우사상은 1999년, 2002년, 2004년에 대한 총 6개의 시우량 자료로 WAMIS(국가수자원종합정보시스템)와 한강홍수통제소(www.hrfco.go.kr)의 자료실에서 제공하는 한국수문조사연보 자료를 이용하였다. 선정된 호우사상과 WMS모형을 이용하여 산정된 유역면적 및 강우관측소 별 Thiessen 가중계수를 이용하여 HEC-1모형의 최적화기법으로 Clark 단위도법의 집중시간$(T_c)$과 저류상수(K)를 산정하였으며, 계측유역의 매개변수를 산정하는 방법 중 저류방정식을 이용하는 방법을 이용하여 저류상수를 산정하여 비교하였다. 집중시간의 경우 1999년과 2002년에 비해 2004년의 결과값이 작게 산정되었으며, 저류상수의 경우 2004년의 결과값이 크게 산정되었다. 그러나, 저류방정식을 이용하여 저류상수를 결정하는 방법으로 산정한 저류상수는 비교적 일관성 있게 산정되었다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.3 s.152
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• pp.245-257
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study is examining the changes of runoff characteristics and extracting hydrologic parameters by applying ModClark model on grid divided watershed. Bocheong stream basin in Geum River system, one of the representative watersheds of IHP projects, is selected. Hydrology-based topographical informations are calculated using GIS data in the HEC-GeoHMS V1.1 extension in Arcview 3.2. The ModClark model requires precipitation data in a gridded format. The gridded data must be recorded in the HEC Data Storage System file format. Therefore, kriging method was used to interpolate the point values to create a grid that gives each cell over the entire watershed a precipitation value. Hec-DSSVue program was used to create DSS file for the rain gage data. The completed HEC-HMS model was calibrated for use in simulating three measured storm events and cell size of 10000m, 5000m, 2000m, 1000m was chosen for the application. As the result of applying distributed rainfall-runoff model to analyze relatively good agreement for peak discharge, runoff volume and peak time.