• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.947-950
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• 2019

이 논문의 주요 특징은 초기강우 유입 시 일차 침전지 처리효율을 개선하기 위한 운전제어 전략을 제공하는 것이다. 최근 IoT 기술과 센싱 기술이 발전함에 따라 하수처리시설 운전제어를 위한 기반이 개선되고 있으며, 온라인 측정결과를 활용한 일차침전지 처리효율 개선에 따라 미처리 하수의 하천 유출을 최소화하고, 하수처리시설 운영효율 개선에기여할 수 있다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.871-879
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• 2010

To figure out the removal efficiency of indicator and pathogenic bacteria by unit processes of a sewage treatment plant using activated sludge process, analyses were done for incoming sewage, influent and effluent of primary clarifier, aeration tank, secondary clarifier and final discharge conduit of the plant. A matrix of bacterial items (average of bacterial reduction [log/ml], p value of paired t-test, number of decreased cases of twenty analyses, removal percentage only for decreased cases) between incoming sewage and final effluent of the plant were heterotrophic plate counts (1.54, 0.000, 20, 95.01), total coliforms (1.38, 0.000, 19, 83.94), fecal coliforms (0.90, 0.000, 20, 94.84), fecal streptococci (0.90, 0.000, 20, 98.08), presumptive Salmonella (0.23, 0.561, 7, 99.09), and presumptive Shigella (1.02, 0.002, 15, 92.98). Total coliforms, fecal coliforms, heterotrophic plate counts, and fecal streptococci showed highest decrease through secondary clarifier about 1-log (p<0.001) between 88% and 96%, and primary clarifier represented the significant (p<0.05) decrease. However, final effluent through discharge conduit showed higher total coliforms and fecal streptococci than effluent of secondary clarifier (p<0.05). In addition, final effluent once violated the water quality standard while effluent of secondary clarifier satisfied the standard. Hence some control measures including elimination of deposits in discharge conduit or disinfection of final effluent are necessary.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2005

하 폐수 처리장의 방류수 수질은 최종 침전지의 성능에 의해 직접적으로 영향을 받으므로 최종 침전지의 효율적 설계 및 운전은 하 폐수 처리에 소요되는 비용 절감과 더불어 수질보전을 위한 하수 정화의 목표를 달성할 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 장방형 최종 침전지의 성능 개선을 위하여 유입구 위치와 정류벽 설치에 따른 내부 유동특성 및 고형물질의 제거효율을 수치해석방법을 통해 평가하였다. 개발된 2차원 컴퓨터 프로그램은 방사성 추적자를 이용한 체재시간분포 곡선과의 비교를 통해 성공적으로 검증된 수치해석 모델로 수력학적 구조변경에 대한 침전지의 성능 예측을 가능하게 하였다. 최종 침전지의 유입구 위치는 낮을수록 침전지에 형성된 강력한 바닥흐름과 수표면 역흐름으로 나타나는 밀도류를 저감시켰으며 침강된 슬러지의 하류 이동을 감소시켰다. 최종 침전지 유입부에 설치된 정류벽은 유입수가 출구로 직접 흐르는 단락류를 방지하고 밀도 저류로 유입되도록 하여 방류수 수질을 향상시키나 유입구 위치가 낮은 경우에 설치된 정류벽은 오히려 방류수 수질을 떨어뜨리는 결과를 초래하였다. 결국 최종 침전지의 성능 개선을 위한 수력학적 구조변경 및 설계는 다양한 변수에 대한 조직적인 수치해석 연구가 필요하며 선행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2010

Computer simulation has been widely used to design and optimize the operation of wastewater treatment plants since 1980. For secondary clarifiers, the simulation has been a tool to optimize the performance by providing dimensions for flocculation well. However, there has been no attempt to find the optimized geometrical parameters in circular secondary clarifier using simulation tools. In this study, three SVIs (Sludge Volume Indexes), two well types (feed and flocculation wells), 8 SWDs (Side Water Depths) and 9 bottom slopes were variables for simulation. Diurnal inflow and associated MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid) concentrations were used for input loadings. When flocculation well was installed, 48% less concentration at lowest ESS (Effluent Suspended Solid) concentrations was produced and the diurnal ESS concentration range had been reduced by 52%. From these results, flocculation well must be installed to produce lower and stable ESS from circular secondary clarifiers. Under same loading conditions with $300m{\ell}$/g of SVI, The lowest ESS was produced when SWD was 4.5m with 4% of bottom slope. Therefore, SWD and bottom slope must not be deeper than 4.5m and must be near 4%, respectively, in circular clarifier with flocculation well to produce the lowest ESS concentration.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2008

Evaluating and designing secondary clarifier require to define characteristics of influent MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids). In this study, bioflocculation and settling characteristics for MLSS from a Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) plant located in near Seoul were measured. MLSS concentrations in bioreactor were about 2,500mg/L in summer and about 4,000mg/L in winter, respectively. Tests showed that there was not much bioflocculation occurred in secondary clarifier. Average ESS/DSS (Effluent Suspended Solids/Dispersed Suspended Solids) was 100%. From the settling tests, ZSV (Zone Settling Velocity) and settling constant (n) in Vesilind equation were estimated at different MLSS temperatures. SVI (Sludge Volume Index) and SSVI (Stirred Sludge Volume Index) were also measured at different temperatures. It was found that ZSV was positively correlated with temperature and n was inversely proportional to temperature. SVI and SSVI had very similar values at about $25^{\circ}C$ of MLSS, However, SVI had more than 2 times higher values than SSVI at below $20^{\circ}C$ of MLSS. Temperature effect must be considered to design and evaluate secondary clarifier.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.791-799
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• 2005

The phased isolation intra-clarifier ditch system used in this study is a simplified novel process enhancing simultaneous removal of biological nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal wastewater in terms of elimination of additional pre-anaerobic reactor, external clarifier, recycle of sludge, and nitrified effluent recirculation by employing intrachannel clarifier. Laboratory-scale phased isolation ditch system was used to assess the treatability on municipal wastewater. When the system was operated at the HRTs of 6~12hours, SRTs of 9~31days, and cycle times of 2~8hours, the system showed removals of BOD, TN, and TP as high as 88~97%, 70~84%, and 65~90%, respectively. The rainfall in Korea is generally concentrated in summer because of site-specific characteristics. Especially, the wet season has set in on June to August. In combined sewers, seasonal variations are primarily a function of the amount of stormwater that enters the system. In order to investigate the effect of hydraulic shock loading on system performance, the laboratory-scale system was operated at an HRT of 6hours (two times of influent flowrate) during two cycles (8hours). The system performance slightly decreased by increasing of influent flowrate and decreasing of system HRT. Nitrification efficiency and TN removal were slightly decreased by increasing of influent flowrate (decreasing of system HRT), whereas, the denitrification was not affected by hydraulic shock loading. However, the higher system performance could be achieved again after four cycles. Thus, the phased isolation technology for enhanced biological nutrient removal in medium- and small-scale wastewater treatment plants suffering fluctuation of influent quality and flowrate.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1027-1034
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• 2006

Antimicrobial powder was made by exchanging silver ion on calcined oyster shell. On the purpose of application to water clarifier, bail-type media mixed with antimicrobial powder and $0{\sim}30%$ white kaoline were made. The sterilization effect, pore size distribution and zeta potential was tested to indicate the condition for the media of water clarifier. From these tests, it was confirmed that this media have an excellent sterilization power on $G^-\;and\;G^+$ germs. As the concentration of the exchanged silver ion increased, the surface charge density of the anions on the surface of the media also increased. The surface pore size decreased with the concentration of silver ion and 20% more white kaoline ratio. Consequently, mixing ratio of white kaoline would appear to indicate the optimun condition as media have sterilization power.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2005

A computer program is developed for the prediction of the flow pattern and the removal efficiency of suspended solid (SS) in a circular secondary clarifier. In this study the increased density effect by SS on hydrodynamics has been systematically investigated in terms of Froude Number (Fr), baffle existence, and a couple of important empirical models associated with the particle settling and Reynolds stresses. A control-volume based-finite difference method by Patankar is employed together with the SIMPLEC algorithm for the resolution of pressure-velocity coupling. The k-ε turbulence and its modified version are incorporated for the evaluation of Reynolds stresses. The calculation results predicts well the overall flow pattern such as the waterfall phenomenon at the front end of the clarifier and the bottom density current with the formation of strong recirculation especially for the case of decrease of Fr. Even if there are some noticeable differences in the prediction of two turbulence models, the calculated results of the radial velocity profiles are generally in good agreement against experimental data appeared in open literature. Parametric investigation has been systematically made with the Fr and baffle condition with detailed analysis.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to remove the organics, nitrogen and phosphorus using biosorption for the domestic sewage. The new process using biosorption is based on the methods of contact-stabilization, which remove the organics by absorbing them to the surface of the microorganism in the activated sludge. This process consists of biosorption reactor, biosorption clarifier, nitrifying reactor, nitrifying clarifier, denitrifying reactor, phosphorus uptake(polishing) reactor and final clarifier. The efficiency of removal could be reached 91% for organics, 76% for nitrogen, 90% for phosphorus in Eujungbu pilot plant. We operated the plant which irrigated $10m^3$ per day for sewage. During our operation the HRT(Hydraulic Retention time) was maintained for 10.5hr, but it could be reduced as 8.5hr according to our operation results.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2007

지속적인 하수 발생량의 증가와 시설 부지비용의 상승효과로 인해 하수처리시설 중 가장 많은 면적을 차지하고 있는 침전조의 효율향상이 중요한 문제로 부각되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구로 수행한 최종 침전조 구조의 최적화를 위한 CFD(computational fluid dynamics) 모델링 결과를 실험적으로 검증하기 위해, 방사성추적자를 이용하여 정류벽 설치 유무에 따른 침전조 유동분포 변화를 측정하였다. 실제 하수처리장 침전조 설계제원을 바탕으로 수리학적 상사(1/21)를 고려하여 침전조 모형장치를 제작($L{\times}W{\times}H:2.6{\times}0.4{\times}0.2m$)하였으며, 방사성추적자로 Tc-99m 약 $30{\sim}40\;mCi$를 사용하였다. 실험결과, 최종 침전조 내부에 정류벽을 설치함으로써 바닥으로의 강한 밀도류와 출구 방향으로의 슬러지 휩쓸림 현상이 감소되었으며, 슬러지의 침전영역(settling zone)이 증가됨을 방사성추적자를 이용하여 성공적으로 가시화하여 확인하였다. 또한 정류벽 설치로 인하여 단락류가 전체 유출수에서 차지하는 부분이 48 %에서 32 %로 현저히 감소하고, 이의 슬러지 평균체재시간 또한 940 sec에서 810 sec로 감소되는 유동특성을 정량적으로 분석할 수 있었다 이는 선행연구로 실시한 CFD 모델을 이용 침전조 최적설계 조건도출 연구와 일치하는 결과로서, 방사성추적자 기술이 신규로 침전조를 설계할 때나 기존 시설의 성능개선을 위한 구조변경 후 이의 검증을 위해 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.