• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.501-515
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• 2014

디지털 전환이 시행된 지 2년이 지났지만 시청자의 절반 이상은 아직도 디지털 전환의 혜택을 보지 못하고 있다. 이로 인해 셋톱박스와 같이 양방향 서비스와 보안 기능이 갖추어지지 않더라도 디지털 전환의 혜택을 대다수의 시청자가 누릴 수 있도록 8VSB 송출방식이 정부에 의해 제안되었다. 그러나 8VSB가 방송시장에 미치는 부정적 영향에 대한 우려도 나오고 있어 실질적인 영향 평가를 시도할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 8VSB 도입이 방송시장에 미치는 영향을 검증하고, 이후 피해를 최소화하는 방안을 검토하기 위해 관련 전문가들을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 실시했다. 전문가 인터뷰 결과, 콘텐츠 및 플랫폼, 네트워크 시장에 미치는 부정적인 영향이 실제 시장에서 실현될 가능성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 대다수의 전문가가 정책적으로 8VSB 송출제한이 부적절한 규제이며, 소비자 선택의 폭을 넓히기 위해 관련 정책이 개선되어야 한다는 입장을 밝힌 것으로 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.697-732
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• 2006

In this paper, a historical review of the developments in the safety of LWR power plants is presented. The paper reviews the developments prior to the TMI-2 accident, i.e. the concept of the defense in depth, the design basis, the large LOCA technical controversies and the LWR safety research programs. The TMI-2 accident, which became a turning point in the history of the development of nuclear power is described briefly. The Chernobyl accident, which terrified the world and almost completely curtailed the development of nuclear power is also described briefly. The great international effort of research in the LWR design-base and severe accidents, which was, respectively, conducted prior to and following the TMI-2 and Chernobyl accidents is described next. We conclude that with the knowledge gained and the improvements in plant organisation/management and in the training of the staff at the presently-installed nuclear power stations, the LWR plants have achieved very high standards of safety and performance. The Generation 3+LWR power plants, next to be installed, may claim to have reached the goal of assuring the safety of the public to a very large extent. This review is based on the historical developments in LWR safety that occurred primarily in USA, however, they are valid for the rest of the Western World. This review can not do justice to the many fine contributions that have been made over the last fifty years to the cause of LWR safety. We apologize if we have not mentioned them. We also apologize for not providing references to many of the fine investigations, which have contributed towards LWR safety earning the conclusions that we describe just above.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.58-75
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• 1998

Background : In Korea, the rational use of antibiotics are rarely controlled, and their patterns of utilization are not understood. In order to reduce the excessive use and to improve the appropriate use of antibiotics, it is necessary to accurately determine present uses of antibiotics in hospitals. Methods : Analysis of the use of prescription drugs was performed on NFMI(National Federation of Medical Insurance) 1994 medical expense claim data. A stratified sampling by types of hospitals, departments, and diseases was obtained from 1994 August data. Patients with secondary diseases were excluded. In this study, 2,697 adults with URI, 6,397 children with URI, 704 adults with bronchitis, and 1,838 children with bronchitis were included. Results : Most patients were prescribed medication (95.2-99.6%). Of the patients prescribed medication, more than 85% of URI patients and more than 91% of bronchitis patients were prescribed antibiotics. Antibiotics expenses accounted for 14% of total medical expenses in adults and 9% of total medical expenses in children. In adults with URI, antibiotics expenses accounted for 52% of drug expenses. Of the patients prescribed antibiotics, average number of antibiotics used was 1.6-1.7. For patients who are prescribed antibiotics, drug expenses were 62-97% greater than patients not prescribed antibiotics. When children were prescribed antibiotics, the highest price of drugs prescribed were 3.4-fold greater. In addition, the number of drugs prescribed also increased by more than one. Elderly patients, more than 60 years, were prescribed antibiotics less frequently. Children less than 10 years and elderly patients greater than 60 years old were prescribed fewer antibiotics than other patients. And they were prescribed medications for longer days than other patients. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the average rate of prescribing antibiotics was higher in Korea than other countries. Measures to reduce overuse of antibiotics and to improve the appropriate prescription of antibiotics must be considered for cost effective treatment and overall health of people.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Objectives : Korean national health insurance data is a useful real-world data representing whole medical bills submitted to Health Insurance Review Agency. This study aims to understand recent benefit trend of insurance herbal preparations for treating bronchiectasis(disease code J47) utilizing insurance data. Methods : We reviewed national health insurance claims data from 2013 to 2017 which have main diagnosis or sub diagnosis code of J47 and with the record of prescribing insurance herbal medication. Frequency analysis was performed to analyze the most frequently prescribed prescription. Results & Conclusions : Both the number of claims statement(770 to 1,746cases) and patients(266 to 484) of insurance herbal preparations increased considerably from 2013 to 2017. Top 10 preparations based on the number of claims statement were 'Samso-eum', 'Yeonkyopaedok-san', 'Socheongryong-tang', 'Bojungikgi-tang', 'Hyangsapyungwi-san', 'Yijin-tang', 'Saengmaek-san', 'Jaeumganghwa-tang', 'Ojeok-san' and 'Gungha-tang'. Top 10 preparations based on the number of patients were 'Samso-eum', 'Socheongryong-Tang', 'Saengmaek-san', 'Yeonkyopaedok-san', 'Haengso-tang', 'Hyangsapyungwi-san', Yijin-tang', 'Jaeumganghwa-tang', 'Bojungikgi-tang' and 'Hyeonggaeyeongyo-tang' in respectiv order. Claims of top 10 frequent preparations occupied more than 60% of total claims. We hope this finding to be utilized as basic data for future research of evidence-based bronchiectasis treatment utilizing Korean traditional medicine.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2021

EU의 GDPR에 따르면 개인정보를 수집할 때 정보 주체(사용자)의 동의 혹은 거절하는 권리가 가장 우선시 되고 있다. 그러므로 정보 주체는 언제라도 동의 철회 및 잊힐 권리를 주장할 수 있어야 한다. 특히, 제한적인 IoT 장치(Constrained Node)에서는 프라이버시에 민감한 데이터의 수집, 처리 등에 대해 정보 주체의 동의 기능 구현 및 수집 정보의 활용 내용을 게시하기 매우 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 정보 주체가 IoT 장치에서 수집, 처리되는 데이터를 모니터링하여, 정보 유출의 문제를 인지하고, 연결 및 장치 제어가 가능한 관리 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. IoT 장치의 표준 OCF(Open Connectivity Foundation)와 장치 연결 프레임워크인 AllJoyn의 공통 정보를 고려하고, 정보 보호를 위한 메타 데이터 10개를 정의하였다. 이를 DPD(Data Protection Descriptor)라고 명명하였으며, DPD를 기반으로 정보 주체가 정보를 관리할 수 있는 SW인 DPM(Data Protection Manager)를 개발하였다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.33-50
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• 2021

Purpose: In South Korea, two kinds of mandatory insurance, Fierce Liability Insurance and Outdoor Advertising Liability Insurance sells as of February 2021 according to relevant codes. This study analyzed third party liability and personal living liability insurance in terms of various risks not corporation side but personal side arising from normal living and life. Research design, data and methodology: Some cases of drone accident hit man and fierce dog accident were taken into analysis to verify blame ratio and insurance claim money. The former case is that on the way down the elevator, the dog, American pit bull terrier rushed in and bit the lower part of the knee against the visitor. The latter case is that while flying in the sky as usual, the drone suddenly crashed, fell, and hit the head of a young child while walking on the street. Further previous studies such as third party liabilities, liability insurance, mandatory insurance were deeply analyzed. Results: Based on some case studies and previous studies, the author suggested valuable comments in turn realization of insurer as provider, exhaustive creation and operation of mandatory insurance, realization of insured as demanded, and arrangements of laws and systems in special consideration of amendment of companion animal and exhaustive execution of mandatory insurance by the government. Conclusions: This study was about third party liability, personal living liability insurance and expansion of mandatory insurance caused by relevant laws by the government. In this study the author verified what issues were observed from two cases drone accident and fierce dog accident and then suggested some valuable comment as above both systemic plans and practical plans. First of all, the individual should get Comprehensive Property Insurance(CPI) that covers the risks of his/her own property arising from the everyday life. And then the individual should further buy Personal Living Liability Insurance(PLLI) in order to prepare 'accidents that may happen when, where, or how' and overcome the said accidents. Moreover, the individual should take a look every single insurance contract whether he/she has a special terms and conditions of Personal Living Liability Insurance(PLLI) or not.

• Psychiatry investigation
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1064-1070
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• 2018

Objective Several cell line studies have demonstrated thioridazine's anticancer, multidrug resistance-reversing and apoptosis-inducing properties in various tumors. We conducted this nationwide population-based study to investigate the association between thioridazine use and cancer risk among adult patients with schizophrenia. Methods Based on the Psychiatric Inpatient Medical Claim of the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, a total of 185,689 insured psychiatric patients during 2000 to 2005 were identified. After excluding patients with prior history of schizophrenia, only 42,273 newly diagnosed patients were included. Among them, 1,631 patients ever receiving thioridazine for more than 30 days within 6 months were selected and paired with 6,256 randomly selected non-thioridazine controls. These patients were traced till 2012/12/31 to see if they have any malignancy. Results The incidence rates of hypertension and cerebrovascular disease were higher among cases than among matched controls. The incidence of hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease and chronic pulmonary disease did not differ between the two groups. By using Cox proportional hazard model for cancer incidence, the crude hazard ratio was significantly higher in age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease and chronic pulmornary disease. However, after adjusting for other covariates, only age and hypertension remained significant. Thioridazine use in adult patients with schizophrenia had no significant association with cancer. Conclusion Despite our finding that thioridazine use had no prevention in cancer in adult patients with schizophrenia. Based on the biological activity, thioridazine is a potential anticancer drug and further investigation in human with cancer is warranted.

• 한국소프트웨어감정평가학회 논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2019

소프트웨어의 저작권 도용이 증가하면서 유사성을 판단을 요구하고 있지만, 분석을 위한 목적물의 확보 및 이동에 대한 신뢰성 확보가 중요시 되고 있다. 감정을 위한 데이터로 사용되는 목적물 자료는 법원 및 경찰서와 같은 분쟁 처리 기관에서 감정인에게 제공되는 핵심적인 데이터이다. 목적물은 분쟁 당사자가 저작권위원회에 제출하고 최종적으로 감정 전문가에게 원본상태로 전달되는 이동 과정을 갖는다. 그러나 분쟁 당사자가 감정 결과에 만족하지 않으면 목적물의 신뢰성에 대한 이의를 제기한다. 특히, 소프트웨어 목적물은 파일 형식으로 제작되어, 변형이나 수정이 가능한 것으로 인식되고 있다. 따라서 목적물에 객관성을 부여하는 방법이 다양한 방식으로 검토되고 있으며, 포렌식이 하나의 방법으로 제안되고 있다. 본 연구는 실제 사례의 감정 프로세스를 통해 목적물의 이동 및 신뢰성을 확보하는 방법을 연구하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the proportion of admission via the emergency room(the rest is ER) in an emergency medical center and to examine the factors related to admission. Methods : This study used 2005 National Health Insurance claims data for admitted patients of 112 hospitals having emergency medical centers in Korea. The study sample had 2,335,610 patients. The data was classified into emergency admission and non-emergency admission. To investigate the factors affecting the type of admission, the following were included as independent variables: type of health assurance_(national health insurance beneficiaries or medical aid beneficiaries), demographic characteristics_ (sex, age), cause of admission_ (disease or injury), whether an operation was performed or not, DRG severity level, the number of beds, and the location of the hospital. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test for the differences in emergency admission rates for each variables, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used for identifying the factors affecting admission type. Results : The proportion of admission via the ER accounted for 40.6% of the total admission among hospitals having emergency medical centers. The risk of admission via ER was relatively high for patients who were male, the aged, the injured, the surgical patients, the patients having more severe symptoms, and the patients admitted the hospitals located in metropolitan areas, and the patients admitted the hospitals having 300-699 beds. Medical aid patients were more likely admitted through the emergency room than health insurance patients after other variables ware adjusted. Conclusions and Discussion : We analyzed the proportion of admission via the ER for the total admission rate of hospitals having an emergency medical center in Korea. And we explored the factors related to admission via the ER. This proportion may be used as an indicator of the adequacy of medical utilization or low accessibility to hospitals of patients with low socioeconomic status.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2012

본 연구는 공공공사 공기연장 시 발생하는 추가간접비의 지급개선방안에 관한 연구이다. 현장사례를 통해 공기연장 추가 간접비 미지급 원인을 분석한 결과 실비의 인정범위에 대한 다툼 및 증빙의 어려움이 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 전문가 의견조사 실시결과 통계적 기준이 명확하다면 공기연장 추가간접비의 인정범위를 합의하는 '공기연장 사전합의 제도'를 실시할 수 있을 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 다수의 현장 실비자료를 집계하여 공사프로젝트의 공종별, 공사금액별, 공사기간별 측면에서 산정하였다. 산정한 결과 공종 및 공사기간별 요인은 공사기간연장 추가간접비 발생금액에 직접적 영향을 미치는 것으로 볼 수 없으나 도급계약금액요인에 따라서는 직접적 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 계약금액별 공사기간연장에 따른 추가비용인 '공기연장 표준추가간접비'를 제시하였으며, 공기연장비용 사전합의 제도를 시행하기 위한 제도적 개선방안을 제시하였다.