• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Environmental pollution and climate change in Vietnam are now becoming a major concern. This situation is increasing the pressure on the companies to improve their social responsibility in production and business activities and disclose the environmental information to meet the requirements of stakeholders. This study investigates the internal and external factors of the company that affects the environmental information disclosure of listed companies on the Vietnam stock market as business sector, firm size, corporate manager perceptions, profitability, financial leverage, community pressure, pressures from stakeholders, government pressure influencing environmental information disclosure. Analytical data collected through the survey of 120 listed companies on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE). By testing Cronbach's Alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and logistic regression analysis, the results of the study show that the level of environmental information disclosure of listed companies on the stock market in Vietnam depends heavily on government regulations, followed by the pressure from stakeholders, community pressure, views of business managers, companies size, business sector, and particularly profitability and financial leverage factors that have a negative relationship with environmental information disclosure.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.327-333
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• 2020

Corporate social responsibility is an inevitable trend in the global context. It is the responsibility of the organizations to the community and society to ensure the fairness of the interests of stakeholders. This is an issue that deserves attention, not in the national or regional level, but as a global issue. The purpose of article is to examine the effect of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility disclosure of 155 samples of 31 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2015 to 2019. The data of this study is employing time-series data and used the ordinary least squares to test the model. The results show that there are three factors that positively affect corporate social responsibility disclosure, namely, board size, foreign members of board, and audit committee. Thereby, the article proposes that board of director in Vietnamese commercial banks needs to raise awareness about corporate social responsibility, and the Central bank of Vietnam should monitor the disclosure of information regularly with severe sanctions on commercial banks that do not comply with the regulations of corporate social responsibility disclosure. This contributes to improving the information quality of the banking sector to meet the trend of international economic integration.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to clarify the transitional process of spatial configuration of 'Topdong Yangdalmal'; One of the existing 22 old settlements in cheongju city. The results are as follows. 1) Side roads are derived from Inner road until 1970, so large-scale lots are subdivided small-scale lots. The houses are mostly in 1970s and 1980s. The existing old houses are 11, their orientation are East South, and the entrance gives on side road. The orientation, court yard, and entrance of the houses nearby side roads keep ongoing, in spite of alteration and extension. Especially, Entrance is changed by the new arterial roads and subdivided lots, but, the houses nearby side roads are continued as in the past. 2) The newly built houses in 1970's are 20, and it's arrangements are equal to existing old one. The orientation of houses after 1980's is the same in 1970's. But, the entrance is changed by subdivided lots, and the size of the court yard are reduced or disappeared. In other hand, the houses as the same size of the existing houses, and Storyincrease continue court yard as in the past. Therefore, the houses which are nearby inner road, and increase story, are continued, in spite of the newly built one.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.249-254
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify the causes-effects of residential mobility and satisfaction. The research design employes a survey questionnaire for gathering a set of statistically-reasonable number of data among one million population of Ulsan metropolitan city. To make it more concrete, the attentions to be taken are on establishing (1) motives for moving (2) satisfaction factors in living, and (3) a relationship between houses and their environmental characteristics and the degree of satisfactions by them. The results of empirical analyses provide the following major findings: The most significant house-moving motivations were to achieve living-space at an affordable size or as wide as possible and to gain access to a comfortable and convenient environment. Per the residential satisfaction, highly respected factors were having good neighbors and active interactions with them and having good cooling-heating conditions, sunny rooms, and less noise and air pollution. Finally, the relation of house and its environment with the satisfaction indicated the following significant two: The higher the satisfaction, the shorter the duration of living and the history of construction. The less the satisfaction, the smaller the size of house and/or its complex.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2018

The municipal solid waste (MSW) management system in one of the Class II Indian cities i.e. Rishikesh was studied and analysed to identify the key issues in solid waste management in the city. A total of 329 solid waste samples from 47 households were collected to characterize the household solid waste (HSW). The average (HSW) generation rate was 0.26 kg/c/d and it was composed of organic waste (57.3%), plastics (14%), paper (10.9%), and glass and ceramic (1.3%) and other materials (16.5%). There was an inverse relationship between household waste generation rate and family size (p < 0.05). The MSW management system practiced in Rishikesh is unsound. There is no waste segregation at source, no provisions of composting and no recycling by formal sector. The collection and transportation of waste is inadequate and inappropriate. Collected waste is dumped in open dumping site without scientific management. Following are some recommendations for developing a sustainable solid waste management system in Rishikesh city: (1) sensitize people for segregation at source; (2) promote reduction, reuse and recycling of wastes; (3) promote community based composting; (4) provision for 100% door to door collection and; (5) formalize the informal sectors such as rag pickers and recycling industries.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.237-248
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• 1998

Landcover has been largely influenced by human activities, especially in recent days. The analysis of the change of land use by urbanized development is useful for determining development plan hereafter. This study aimed to the quantitative analysis about the urban sprawl within 12 years from 1985 to 1996, at Chonan, and for extracting the characteristics of change. For this purpose, this study performed land cover classifications using Landsat TM data . A hybrid classification method was used to classify satellite images into seven types of land cover. Road network digitied from 1:25,000 topographic map was rasterized and overlaid on the landcover map. A result of this study showed that area of forest and paddy decreased due to urban sprawl. Especially from 1993 to 1996, the change of land use progressed rapidly because of merging a city and a country in Chonan. The size of patch in forest had been smaller and irregular form. It is a general progress that size of patch in forest had been smaller and irregular form. It is a general progress that the forest have changed the paddy and bare land paddy and bare land have changed low-density urban or high-density urban. This explained how urbanized Chonan was and applied the suggeston of plan in landuse with the result of this study.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.217-230
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• 2014

The large quantity of green cull bananas has the potential of being used industrially and, thereby, to improve banana economics and eliminate the large environmental problem presented by banana waste. Wastewaters from textile, cosmetics, printing, dying, food colouring, and paper-making industries are polluted by dyes. The adsorption of basic dye by waste banana pith was investigated by varying dye concentrations, adsorbent dose, particle size and agitation rate. The adsorption capacity was found to be maximum value of removal by using 0.1 g of sorbent with particle size 1mm at mixing speed 200 rpm for initial concentration 25 mg/l to reach value of approximate 89%. The Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich adsorption models were used for mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium and it was found that experimental data fitted very well to these models except Langmuir model. Adsorption of dye was applied on (pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetics), and the experimental data was more fitted to pseudo second order. The results of this study showed that banana pith could be employed as effective and low-cost materials for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.109-120
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• 2022

Purpose: We would like to identify the appropriate size of stores in the commercial district suitable for the era of low growth. In addition, it is intended to present alternatives to prevent gentrification along with measures to revitalize commercial districts according to the selection of appropriate stores. Research design, data and methodology: The importance and commercial district usage patterns were identified through surveys by consumers and sellers. the demand and size of the commercial area were calculated based on the floating population and resident registration population. In addition, based on this, through metric analysis, the importance of the business district activation plan and what important matters can prevent gentrification were analyzed. Result: In this the study, 555 stores are currently operating in the target area, but it is seen as a commercial district with a scale that can operate 136 stores and 938 stores. In addition, it was analyzed that the Commercial Lease Protection Act needs to be strengthened to prevent gentrification. Conclusions: Due to the nature of small and medium-sized cities in Korea, commercial districts that have once lost their resilience must take much effort to find vitality. It is believed that local commercial districts will have resilience when diagnosis and recovery measures are adequately presented.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.1244-1249
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• 2023

Recently, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) announced the development of first-of-a-kind(FOAK) and most advanced futuristic vertical city and named as 'The LINE'. The project will have zero carbon dioxide emissions and will be powered by clean energy sources. Therefore, a study was designed to understand which clean energy sources might be a better choice. Because of its nearly carbon-free footprint, nuclear energy may be a good choice. Nowadays, the development of very small modular reactors (vSMRs) is gaining attention due to many salient features such as cost efficiency and zero carbon emissions. These reactors are one step down to actual small modular reactors (SMRs) in terms of power and size. SMRs typically have a power range of 20 MWe to 300 MWe, while vSMRs have a power range of 1-20 MWe. Therefore, a study was conducted to discuss different vSMRs in terms of design, technology types, safety features, capabilities, potential, and economics. After conducting the comparative test and analysis, the fuel cycle modeling of optimal and suitable reactor was calculated. Furthermore, the levelized unit cost of electricity for each reactor was compared to determine the most suitable vSMR, which is then compared other generation SMRs to evaluate the cost variations per MWe in terms of size and operation. The main objective of the research was to identify the most cost effective and simple vSMR that can be easily installed and deployed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4648-4659
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• 2011

Korea experienced rapid urbanization due to high growth of economy. As people left the country and gathered in the city, the size of city has been expanded, resulting in unbalanced development of the land. In addition, it appears in diverse aspects from nationwide phenomenon to the local development in each city unit. In particular, it even tends to become social problems in the metropolitan cities. As a solution for it, this study conducts theoretical consideration on sustainability in the aspect of balanced urban development and suggests measures through analysis on Siheung-city. The result is as follows. First of all, comprehensive approach is required based on sustainability. It is required to derive balanced city development by expanding it to the social, cultural and economic aspects. Second, integrated management policy is required for the original city along with new development. It should be considered together with diverse social and physical aspects. Third, approach from the aspect of city planning is required through consideration on flat city expansion and connection with city space structural. Fourth, in order to foster balanced urban development, it is needed to grope for solutions for imbalanced urban development through the participation of diverse groups such as local residents, private enterprisers, and the non-profit civic groups of the local community along with the mediation among persons interested. And continuous support of administrative authorities should be obtained to create such environment.