• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

User movement is an important factor in determining the amount of the acquired knowledge and information about space contexts. A reasonable circulation plan affects the spatial usage, space revitalization, and activity satisfaction, and is ultimately a means to increase spatial usefulness. On the other hand, a disorderly circulation system causes negative experiences due to difficulties in wayfinding. This research identified the importance of a pedestrian circulation system analyzing the correlation between the spatial configuration index and pedestrian movement, and visitors' movement in the leisure space by using Space Syntax. The research area, Ouam-ri, where numerous guests visit this designated folk village, is a typical case in which a settlement space is used as a leisure space. There was a great deal of risk that visitors would get lost while wandering through the space. Also, it is difficult to induce visitors to tour economically even though the pedestrian circulation configuration of Ouam-ri forms the natural moving line because of its typical tree structure. Additionally adjusting and to supplementing the pedestrian system is required in order for the traditional village, a settlement space, to be used as a leisure space.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.3-10
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• 2012

In this study, the influence of decentralized rainwater management over the changes in evapotranspiration was analyzed. The analysis method was obtained by establishing the decentralized rainwater management plan according to different scenarios, and subsequently examined evapotranspiration in the plan. Scenario 1 refers to the analysis of the existing situation, in which was 100% of a parking lot is asphalt pavement. In Scenario 2, the pavement of the parking surface in the parking lot is replaced with lawn blocks. In Scenario 3, some asphalt pavement was removed to establish a flower-bed type infiltration system to allow rainwater to permeate. In Scenario 4, infiltration and storage of rain water would be achieved by transforming the parking surface into lawn blocks, keeping the asphalt for the parking road while establishing a vegetation strip. The amount of evapotranspiration of the target site was analyzed with a water budget analysis program (CAT) using the 2001 meteorological data for each scenario According to the analysis values of S2 and S3, it was found that evapotranspiration is critically affected by the amount of area replaced with pervious area in the total target site. An energy equivalent to 680kWh is required for 1 ton of water to evaporate. Hence, it can be seen that the active inducement of evapotranspiration in urban area makes a positive contribution not only to heat island mitigation, but also to the small-scale water circulation process in a city.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.585-590
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• 2012

On the basis of the potentials for the growth of local economy and the result of investigation of the ocean space development status, an ocean resort complex was proposed at the small harbor with a parallel beach in the east coast of Korea. As the development plan needs to reclaim the noticeable amount of coastal water area together with the applied shore facilities, it is necessary to analyze their impacts. Here, it was intended to analyze the coastal environment change such as water circulation and bottom change because of the development plan. A horizontal two-dimensional numerical model was applied to represent the combined impact of wind waves and tidal currents to sediment transport in that coastal region. Based on the result of 30 days tidal current simulations considering major four tidal components of $M_2$,$S_2$,$K_1$ and $O_1$ for the upper and lower boundaries and wind field data, bottom change was discussed. Flow velocities were not changed much at outer breakwater of Yangpo harbor. Bottom was eroded by maximum 1.7m after construction but some locations such as lee side of outer breakwater and some islets near the entrance shows isolated accretions. Although it needs more field observations for bottom change in the period of construction, the numerical calculation shows that there exist small impacts near the entrance area and coastal boundaries because of the development.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.3-15
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• 2018

Since the use of plastics in various goods such as film, containers, and packaging has been increasing in Korea, the generation of plastic waste is increasing. Plastic wastes are managed by waste charge system, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system and voluntary agreement of plastic waste collection-recycling system. Recently, the management of plastic waste is becoming a social issues due to the refusal of the collection of plastic waste including waste plastic bag and waste vinyl. The ministry of environment in korea was set up the comprehensive plan for recycling waste management in accordance with the circulation cycle of manufacturing and production - distribution and consumption - separate and discharge - collection and sorting - recycling. In this study, the improvements for management of plastic waste were suggested with the review of domestic waste plastics management and the comprehensive plan by the ministry of environment.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

Purpose: This study presents the results of the analysis on space utilization of kidney dialysis units in regional public hospitals, which plays a key role in local public medical services. The result aims to achieve safety from infection, allow comfort for the dialysis environment, and stability for medical support. The purpose of this study is to present fundamental data for architectural plans for the kidney dialysis unit, as well as to alleviate potential infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Methods: For research purposes, the investigation and analysis of space utilization were based on architectural floor plans, research papers and literature, related legal systems, and public statistics. Of the main 35 regional public hospitals, in regards to data accessibility, 15 facilities were selected to conduct the survey and analysis for the objective. Results: The space composition by area research results of kidney dialysis units in public hospitals are as follows: Firstly, most targets do not have required rooms in the access and support area, except for the hemodialysis beds in the treatment section. Secondly, the access area requires necessary room and space design that took into consideration of convenience and accessibility for patients. Thirdly, in regards to infection prevention and control, proper circulation and room plan is essential for storage and disposal of contaminated products and linen after use. For the treatment area, the arrangement plan needs to establish a visual connection between the isolation room, the nursing station, and the bed area. Additionally, consideration of circulation in the preparation, treatment, observation, examination, and all other rooms in the facility is required. Lastly, for the support area, the room is designed to consider adequate working and meeting spaces for the medical staff, consultation space for patients or guardians, separate storage and disposal of clean and contaminated items, and the storage of various equipment for dialysis. Implications: In preparation for the increase in chronic kidney failure patients and the spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, the researched data demonstrates the basic guidelines for space composition of kidney dialysis units and the significant role of regional public hospitals.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 2021

Purpose: This study summarized architectural planning data for clinical practice spaces for CPX/OSCE and Simulation spaces, through analysis of domestic and foreign literature and a survey of domestic colleges of medicine. Methods: This study analyzed the architectural planning elements of the clinical practice spaces of the college of medicine, through a literature review on the clinical practice space and the survey of four recently established colleges of medicine. Results: ① It is desirable to plan the floor plan type for Simulation and CPX/OSCE spaces as a corridor-separated type that separates the circulations between students and staff (faculty). ② The simulation area arranges their practice rooms around the control space where the circulation of the staff is made. Conversely, it is desirable to arrange the CPX/OSCE rooms around the test waiting room where students enter. ③ It is desirable to separate access to the staff and students to allow student control, and to install various support spaces facing the staff corridor to secure the movement of equipment and the flow of evaluators. ④ In the simulation area, the equipment stored in the storage must be set in each room before the practice according to the setting of delivery or surgery like, and the equipment that has been removed must be back, so the circulation is short and does not intersect with the student circulations. ⑤ Debriefing rooms, seminar rooms, etc. are arranged in the staff area for review and discussion of clinical situations where practice and evaluation have been completed. Implications: It is important to configure an appropriate movement system and spatial zoning for each space for simulation and CPX/OSCE.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.10-17
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• 2022

Currently, in Korea, lower and upper tier qualifying quantities of the 97 substances requiring preparation for accidents have been designated. The information on the submission of chemical accident prevention management plan varies depending on whether the handling volume is above or below the lower or upper qualifying quantity. Because the criteria of the lower and upper qualifying quantities of substance requiring preparation for accidents are not stipulated in the Chemical Substances Control Act, this study attempted to establish a criterion through significance verification. In addition, the study investigated whether these qualifying quantities are related to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), toxic concentration endpoint, and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Finally, by comparing the risk categorization of the GHS, endpoint, and NFPA, it was evaluated whether the circulation-volume-based risk categorization of the substance requiring preparation for accidents that are in the top 13 is appropriate. The qualifying quantities of benzene, toluene, and sulfuric acid needed to be adjusted upward, while those of methyl alcohol and ammonia were adjusted downward from the current qualifying quantities. It is required to establish a quantified criterion that fully reflects the domestic situations in Korea and various indicators such as toxicity, physicochemical properties, and circulation volume for the qualified criterion of hazardous chemical substances. The study is expected to be helpful in establishing an efficient system by systematizing the criterion for qualifying quantity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-14
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze patterns of public school building layout types, open space and relationship with communities in the Manhattan grid plan. The study illustrates how building layout patterns of school facilities are influenced by societal demands in the urban grid environment. During the nineteenth century, the Island of Manhattan was transformed into a physical representation of the Cartesian coordinate system via the development of the grid street plan. In order to take advantage of streets as urban space, it is quite important to understand characteristics of communities and open space relationships between buildings and streets. Moreover, the strategic planning of schools' outdoor space vitalizes public streets as a critical community anchor. This research reviews 118 Manhattan public schools and categorizes them by (1) building layout type, (2) site type, (3) circulation and public open space, which are the biggest factors that determine the layout patterns of the public schools in Manhattan. As a result of analysis, the layout patterns are classified into seven types : "ㅡ", "L", "ㄷ", "ㅁ", "H", "T" and "other" type. Of these, "ㅡ" type and "L" type occur most frequently, because these configurations most flexibly fit into the limited grid-locked blocks, the various types of site & topography, and adapt most dynamically to the open spaces created by using avenues and streets. The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a case study for future efforts to plan open spaces for campuses that effectively utilize the streets in proximity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

This study prepared the list of planning components required for constructing environment-friendly industrial complex and grasped major environment-friendly planning components by measuring the importance per each planning component via the survey for specialists. As a result of measuring the importance of planning component according to each field for constructing environment-friendly industrial complex, it is indicated that important planning components in natural environment field are establishing complex location plan considering its configuration and slope, excluding projects for steep slope-land, establishing countermeasures for reducing contaminants per its source, and separated location of contamination industry around living space. In living environment field, proposed planning components having relatively high importance are separated location of pollution causing industry, establishing energy saving land use plan, linking with green way, circulation network plan, lowering noise level at roadside, plan for separating between pedestrian and vehicle, securing parking space, extending green park and proper location, installing green buffer zone, conserving and forming landscapes, land use for raising energy efficiency, and expansion of energy source. In case of ecological environment, core planning components such as conserving upper class of ecological naturality degree, conserving main habitat, and biotope forming plan are suggested. This study is limited to find out planning components for constructing environment-friendly physical environment of industrial complex which is a part of non-production process. The approach to solve environmental problem by linking spatially production process and non-production process. There is a need to conduct follow-up study to constructing technique for environment-friendly industrial complex considering production & nonproduction process afterward.

• Architectural research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.183-190
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• 2013

The 'one-day-shopping' concept that we experience today in a modern mega mall changed the propensity to consume compared to the past. The idea of a mega mall originated in the U.S. and the first suburban shopping malls as we know them today were built in the 1950s. The convenience of these malls had a great impact not only on consumers but also on the retail industry in general and the new mega mall idea has since spread around the world, with the largest ones located in China and Southeast Asia. Meanwhile, Korea had the fastest-growing economy during the last three decades and with that boom the compositional structure of domestic retail facilities became extremely diverse. Today, there are 36 new mega mall development plans to be completed before 2016, which represent a rapid and dynamic change in consumerism lifestyle in Korea. In this regard, this study will re-evaluate the first mega mall in Korea, the COEX Mall, and identify initial errors regarding its circulation plan and provide an ideal design strategy for future commercial mega malls based on literature review and comparison analysis.