• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2019

Among the various wave power systems, Salter's duck (rotor) is one of the most effective wave absorbers for extracting wave energy. The rotor shape is designed such that the front part faces the direction of the incident wave, which forces it to bob up and down due to wave-induced water particle motion, whereas the rear part, which is mostly circular in shape, reflects no waves. The asymmetric geometric shape of the duck makes it absorb energy efficiently. In the present study, the rotor was investigated using WAMIT (a program based on the linear potential flow theory in three-dimensional diffraction/radiation analyses) in the frequency domain and verified using OrcaFlex (design and analysis program of marine system) in the time domain. Then, an experimental investigation was conducted to assess the performance of the rotor motion based on the model scale in a two-dimensional (2D) wave tank. Initially, a free decay test (FDT) was carried out to obtain the viscous damping coefficient. The pitch response was extracted from the experimental time series in a periodic regular wave for two different wave heights (1 cm and 3 cm). In addition, the viscous damping coefficient was calculated from the FDT result and fluid forces, obtained from WAMIT, are incorporated into the final response of the rotor. Finally, a comparative study based on experimental and numerical results (WAMIT & OrcaFlex) was performed to confirm the performance reliability of the designed rotor.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Most factories deal with toxic or flammable chemicals in their industrial processes. These hazardous substances pose a risk of leakage due to accidents, such as fire and explosion. In the event of chemical release, massive casualties and property damage can result; hence, quantitative risk prediction and assessment are necessary. Several methods are available for evaluating chemical dispersion in the atmosphere, and most analyses are considered neutral in dispersion models and under far-field wind condition. The foregoing assumption renders a model valid only after a considerable time has elapsed from the moment chemicals are released or dispersed from a source. Hence, an initial dispersion model is required to assess risk quantitatively and predict the extent of damage because the most dangerous locations are those near a leak source. In this study, the dispersion model for initial consequence analysis was developed with three-dimensional unsteady advective diffusion equation. In this expression, instantaneous leakage is assumed as a puff, and wind velocity is considered as a coordinate transform in the solution. To minimize the buoyant force, ethane is used as leaked fuel, and two different diffusion coefficients are introduced. The calculated concentration field with a molecular diffusion coefficient shows a moving circular iso-line in the horizontal plane. The maximum concentration decreases as time progresses and distance increases. In the case of using a coefficient for turbulent diffusion, the dispersion along the wind velocity direction is enhanced, and an elliptic iso-contour line is found. The result yielded by a widely used commercial program, ALOHA, was compared with the end point of the lower explosion limit. In the future, we plan to build a more accurate and general initial risk assessment model by considering the turbulence diffusion and buoyancy effect on dispersion.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.65-79
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• 2022

The main goal of this paper is to study the vibration of damaged core laminated annular plates with FG face sheets based on a three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The structures are made of a damaged isotropic core and two external face sheets. These skins are strengthened at the nanoscale level by randomly oriented Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and are reinforced at the microscale stage by oriented straight fibers. These reinforcing phases are included in a polymer matrix and a three-phase approach based on the Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka scheme and on the Halpin-Tsai approach, which is developed to compute the overall mechanical properties of the composite material. In this study the effect of microcracks on the vibrational characteristic of the sandwich plate is considered. In particular, the structures are made by an isotropic core that undergoes a progressive uniform damage, which is modeled as a decay of the mechanical properties expressed in terms of engineering constants. These defects are uniformly distributed and affect the central layer of the plates independently from the direction, this phenomenon is known as "isotropic damage" and it is fully described by a scalar parameter. Three complicated equations of motion for the sectorial plates under consideration are semi-analytically solved by using 2-D differential quadrature method. Using the 2-D differential quadrature method in the r- and z-directions, allows one to deal with sandwich annular plate with arbitrary thickness distribution of material properties and also to implement the effects of different boundary conditions of the structure efficiently and in an exact manner. The fast rate of convergence and accuracy of the method are investigated through the different solved examples. The sandwich annular plate is assumed to have any arbitrary boundary conditions at the circular edges including simply supported, clamped and, free. Several parametric analyses are carried out to investigate the mechanical behavior of these multi-layered structures depending on the damage features, through-the-thickness distribution, and boundary conditions.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.221-236
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• 2023

The lateral component of turbulence and the vortices shed in the wake of a structure result in introducing dynamic wind load in the acrosswind direction and the resulting level of motion is typically larger than the corresponding alongwind motion for a dynamically sensitive structure. The underlying source mechanisms of the acrosswind load may be classified into motion-induced, buffeting, and Strouhal components. This study proposes a frequency domain framework to decompose the overall load into these components based on output-only measurements from wind tunnel experiments or full-scale measurements. First, the total acrosswind load is identified based on measured acceleration response by solving the inverse problem using the Kalman filter technique. The decomposition of the combined load is then performed by modeling each load component in terms of a Bayesian filtering scheme. More specifically, the decomposition and the estimation of the model parameters are accomplished using the unscented Kalman filter in the frequency domain. An aeroelastic wind tunnel experiment involving a tall circular cylinder was carried out for the validation of the proposed framework. The contribution of each load component to the acrosswind response is assessed by re-analyzing the system with the decomposed components. Through comparison of the measured and the re-analyzed response, it is demonstrated that the proposed framework effectively decomposes the total acrosswind load into components and sheds light on the overall underlying mechanism of the acrosswind load and attendant structural response. The delineation of these load components and their subsequent modeling and control may become increasingly important as tall slender buildings of the prismatic cross-section that are highly sensitive to the acrosswind load effects are increasingly being built in major metropolises.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권6호
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• pp.585-599
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• 2023

Geopolymer concrete (GC) can be competently utilized as a practical replacement for cement to prevent a high carbon footprint and to give a direction toward sustainable concrete construction. Moreover, previous studies mostly focused on the axial response of glass fiber reinforced polymer (glass-FRP) concrete compressive elements without determining the effectiveness of repairing them after their partial damage. The goal of this study is to assess the structural effectiveness of partially damaged GC columns that have been restored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (carbon-FRP). Bars made of glass-FRP and helix made of glass-FRP are used to reinforce these columns. For comparative study, six of the twelve circular specimens-each measuring 300 mm×1200 mm-are reinforced with steel bars, while the other four are axially strengthened using glass-FRP bars (referred to as GSG columns). The broken columns are repaired and strengthened using carbon-FRP sheets after the specimens have been subjected to concentric and eccentric compression until a 30% loss in axial strength is attained in the post-peak phase. The study investigates the effects of various variables on important response metrics like axial strength, axial deflection, load-deflection response, stiffness index, strength index, ductility index, and damage response. These variables include concentric and eccentric compression, helix pitch, steel bars, carbon-FRP wrapping, and glass-FRP bars. Both before and after the quick repair process, these metrics are evaluated. The results of the investigation show that the axial strengths of the reconstructed SSG and GSG columns are, respectively, 15.3% and 20.9% higher than those of their original counterparts. In addition, compared to their SSG counterparts, the repaired GSG samples exhibit an improvement in average ductility indices of 2.92% and a drop in average stiffness indices of 3.2%.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2023

In this study, basic characteristics such as reproducibility, linearity, and directionality of RPL glass dosimeters were evaluated to improve the reliability of dose evaluation through RPL glass dosimeters, and uncertainty elements such as sensitivity by glass element and magazine slot sensitivity were evaluated. Using a mathematical model to calibrate the measured values of the RPL glass dosimeter, the measurement uncertainty was calculated assuming an example. As a result of the characteristic evaluation, the RPL glass dosimeter showed excellent performance with a standard deviation of ±1% (1 SD) for the reproducibility of the reading process, a coefficient of determination for linearity of 0.99997. And the read-out of the RPL glass dosimeter are affected by the circular rotation direction of the glass dosimeter during irradiation, fading according to the period after irradiation, the number of laser pulses of the reader, and response degradation due to repeated reading, it is judged that measurement uncertainty can be reduced by irradiation and reading in consideration of these factors. In addition, it was confirmed that the dose should be determined by calculating the correction factors for the sensitivity of each element and, the sensitivity of each reading magazine slot. It is believed that the reliability of dosimetry using glass dosimeters can be improved by using a mathematical model for correction of glass dosimeter readings and calculating measurement uncertainty.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2009

지진작용에 의한 교각의 파괴유형을 관찰한 결과와 교각의 내진성능실험 결과로서, 소성힌지구역의 철근상세가 교각의 내진성능에 가장 큰 영향을 미친다는 것이 잘 알려져 있다. 소성힌지구역의 철근상세 중에서는 축방향철근의 겹침이음 여부가 횡방향철근의 상세보다 더 큰 영향을 준다. 소성힌지구역에 축방향철근이 겹침이음 되어 있는 경우에는 지진이 발생할 때 축방향철근에 미끌어짐(슬립)현상이 발생하여 연성능력을 발휘할 수 없으므로 충분한 내진성능을 발휘하기 어렵다. 그러나 내진설계기준이 도입되기 이전에 설계되어 시공된 교각의 상당수는 시공 상의 편의성으로 교각 하단에 축방향철근이 겹침이음된 상태로 시공되었다. 따라서 축방향철근이 겹침이음된 비내진 교각에 대한 내진성능 평가와 보강에 대한 연구가 많이 수행된 바 있다. 그러나 비내진 교각에 대한 연구는 원형 단면 기둥과 사각형 단면 기둥에 대한 것이 대부분으로, 벽식 교각의 내진성능과 보강방법에 대한 연구는 거의 수행된 바 없다. 본 논문에서는 축방향철근이 겹침이음된 벽식 교각의 거동특성을 실험적으로 파악하고 겹침이음부의 보강개념을 제안하였다. 축방향철근의 겹침이음과 띠철근의 간격을 변수로 한 벽식 교각의 약축 방향 준정적 실험 결과, 변위연성도의 평가에 사용되는 기존의 항복변위의 정의가 벽식 교각에는 부적절하다는 사실을 발견하였다. 따라서 벽식 교각에 대한 항복변위의 새로운 결정방법을 제안하였다. 또한 비내진 벽식 교각의 내진보강에 효과적인 방법으로 강판과 볼트를 이용한 보강방법을 제시하였고, 실험을 통하여 축방향철근의 슬립현상이 지체되고 연성능력이 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나의 방사개구면에 역 L형 기생소자를 수직으로 세운 이중대역 마이크로스트립 안테나를 설계 및 제작하였다. 제안된 안테나는 GPS $L_1(1.575 GHz)$과 $L_2(1.227 GHz)$ 대역을 수용하도록 설계하였다. 먼저, GPS $L_1$ 대역은 반파장 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나를 이용하여 수용하였고, 섭동법을 이용하기 위해 방사개구면에 수직으로 세워 역 L형 기생소자를 패치안테나와 커플링시켜 공진시킴으로써 GPS $L_2$ 대역을 수용하였다. 다음으로 두 대역에서 모두 원형편파를 발생시키기 위해서 급전점 반대편 방사개구면에 각각의 편파에 해당하는 방사개구면에 역 L형 기생소자를 각각 세웠고, 패치 안테나의 급전점을 대각선으로 옮겨 이중대역 원형편파 마이크로스트립 안테나를 설계하였다. 이렇게 설계된 원형편파 안테나의 크기는 $88.5{\times}79{\times}10.4mm^3$ ($0.36{\lambda}_L{\times}0.32{\lambda}_L{\times}0.04{\lambda}_L$, ${\lambda}_L$은 1.227 GHz의 공기 중 파장)의 크기를 가지며, 단층으로 저자세를 유지한다. -10 dB 대역폭은 GPS $L_1$대역에서 116.3 MHz(7.4%), GPS $L_2$대역 64.3 MHz(5.2%)로 측정되어 GPS $L_1$과 $L_2$ 대역의 요구대역폭(각각 24 MHz)을 만족하였다. 3 dB 축비 대역폭은 11.7 MHz(0.74%)와 14 MHz(1.14%)로 각각 측정되었으며, 방사패턴은 두 대역에서 모두 브로드 사이드 방사패턴을 형성하였다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2018

화석연료를 연소할 때 연소로 내의 고온의 온도 분위기에서 열적 질소산화물이 발생하게 된다. 연소기기에서 질소산화물을 저감하기 위한 여러 가지 방법 중에 배기가스 재순환 방법이 널리 쓰이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 배기가스 재순환 배관에 코안다 노즐을 사용하고 양쪽 출구가 트인 재순환하는 버너에 대하여 냉간 유동 특성을 전산유체해석을 통해 살펴보았다. 재순환 배관이 원통 버너의 접선방향으로 설치되어 있어서 버너 내부에서 선회유동이 형성되어 원통 버너 중심 부분에 역류가 생기는 현상을 관찰하였으며 이는 한쪽이 막힌 재순환 버너와 유사한 경향임을 확인 하였다. 본 연구로부터 양쪽 출구가 트인 재순환 버너에서 재순환 유입량은 한쪽이 막힌 버너보다 약 5% 증가하는 것을 확인하였고 양쪽 트인 버너에서 배기가스 재순환 배관의 유입구 위치의 출구에서는 전체 영역에서 유입 유동이 형성되고 반대편의 출구에서는 총 유량은 배출되지만 원통의 가운데 부분은 역류가 일어나는 것을 확인하였다. 배출되는 출구에서 배출되는 유량은 유입되는 출구에서의 유입량보다 3~5배 유량이 크게 나타났다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제31권6_1호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2013

아리랑 3호는 2012년 5월 18일에 발사된 다목적실용위성으로서, 탑재된 AEISS센서는 고도 685km의 태양주기 궤도상에서 0.7m의 공간해상도 흑백 영상과 2.8m 공간해상도의 다중 파장대 영상을 폭 16.8km로 획득한다. 아리랑 3호는 아리랑 2호에 비해 많은 부분에서 성능의 향상이 이루어졌으며 그 중 단일 패스에서 스테레오 영상이 취득 가능하도록 설계되었다. 아리랑 3호를 이용하여 3차원 지형 정보의 추출을 하기 위해서는 정확한 에피폴라 기하를 규명하는 것이 필수적이며, 따라서 본 연구에서는 아리랑 3호 스테레오 영상으로부터 에피폴라 영상 제작을 위한 최적의 영상 변환식을 도출하기 위한 에피폴라 곡선의 특성에 대해 분석하였다. 영상과 함께 제공되는 RPCs(Rational Polynomial Coefficients)를 기반으로 영상 전역에 해당하는 에피폴라 커브를 도출하고 이에 대한 모양분석을 통해 에피폴라 커브가 최소 3차 다항식 이상의 변환식으로 모델링 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 아리랑 3호 AEISS센서의 두 개의 CCDs라인 특징 또한 확인 가능하였다. RPCs 업데이트 시에도 샘플 방향의 영상 오차를 최소화하기 위해 3차식이 필요했으며, 에피폴라 영상 리샘플링 시에도 3차 영상 변환식을 활용한 경우 최대 0.7 픽셀이내의 정밀한 y시차를 확보할 수 있었다.