• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1999

The near field structure of round turbulent jets with initially asymmetric velocity distribution is investigated experimentally. Experiments were carried out using a constant temperature hot-wire anemometry system to measure streamwise velocity in the jets. The measurements were undertaken across the jet at various streamwise stations in a range starting from the jet exit plane and up to a downstream location of twelve diameters. The experimental results include the distribution of mean and instantaneous velocities, vorticity field, turbulence intensity, and the Reynolds shear stress. The asymmetry of the jet exit plane was obtained by using circular cross-section pipes with a bend at the upstream of the exit. Three pipes were used for this study: A straight pipe, 90 and 160 degree-bended pipes. Therefore, at the upstream of the pipe exit, the secondary flow through the bend and the mean streamwise velocity distribution could be controlled by changing the curvature of pipes.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.213-233
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• 2014

The present paper is dealing with the investigation of the stress field around the infinitely long cylindrical cavity, of a circular cross section, contained in the transversally isotropic elastic continuum. Investigation is based upon the determination of the stress function that satisfies the biharmonic equation, for the given boundary conditions and for rotationaly symmetric loading. The solution of the partial differential equation of the problem is given in the form of infinite series of Bessel's functions. Determination of the stress-strain field around cavities is a common requirement for estimation of safety of underground rock excavations.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.243-259
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• 2016

This research develops a finite element code for the transient dynamic analysis of tapered fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) poles with hollow circular cross-section and flexible joints used in power transmission lines. The FRP poles are modeled by tapered beam elements and their flexible joints by a rotational spring. To solve the time equations of transient dynamic analysis, precise time integration method is utilized. In order to verify the utilized formulations, a typical jointed FRP pole under step, triangular and sine pulses is analyzed by the developed finite element code and also ANSYS commercial finite element software for comparison. Thereafter, the effect of joint flexibility on its dynamic behavior is investigated. It is observed that by increasing the joint stiffness, the amplitude of the pole tip deflection history decreases, and the time of occurrence of the maximum deflection is earlier.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1999

The torsional and axial vibrations of shaft system have been calculated independently because of both the limitation of computing time and the complexity of crankshaft model. In actual system, however, the torsional and axial vibrations are coupled. Therefore, in recent, many works in the coupled vibration analysis have been done to find out the more exact dynamic behavior of shaft system. The crankshaft model is very important in the vibration analysis of shaft system because most of excitation forces act on the crankshaft. It is, however, difficult to establish an exact model of crankshaft since its shape is very complex. In this work, an efficient method is proposed to construct the stiffness matrix of crankshaft using a finite element model of half crankthrow. The proposed and existing methods are compared by applying to both a simple thick beam with circular cross section and an actual crankshaft.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제77권2호
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• pp.273-291
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• 2021

The strut-and-tie method (STM) has been widely accepted and used as a rational approach for the design of disturbed regions ('D' regions) of reinforced concrete members such as in corbels and deep beams, where traditional flexure theory does not apply. This paper evaluates the applicability of the equilibrium based STM in strength predictions of deep beams (with rectangular and circular cross-section) and corbels using the available experiments in literature. STM is found to give fairly good results for corbel and deep beams. The failure modes of these deep members are also studied, and an optimum amount of distribution reinforcement is suggested to eliminate the premature diagonal splitting failure. A comparison with existing empirical and semi empirical methods also show that STM gives more reliable results. The nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) of 50 deep beams and 20 corbels could capture the complete behaviour of deep members including crack pattern, failure load and failure load accurately.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2019

Recent changes in the construction method of piles to minimize noise, along with the development of high-strength reinforcement, have provided an economical high performance RC pile development to compensate for the disadvantages of existing PHC piles. In this study, a methodology for the development of cross - section details of high performance RC piles of various performances is presented by freely applying high strength steel and concrete. This study suggested a technique for calculating bending moments for a given axial force corresponding to the allowable crack widths and this can be used for serviceablity check. In calculating the design shear force, the existing design equation applicable to the rectangular or the I section was modified to be applicable to the hollow circular section. In particular, in the limit state design method, the shear force is calculated in proportion to the axial force, and the procedure for calculating PV diagram is established. Last, the section details are determined through PM diagrams that they have the similar flexural and axial-flexural performances of the PHC pile A, B and C types with a diameter of 500 mm. To facilitate the application of the selected standard sections to the practical tasks, the design PM diagram and design shear forces are proposed in accordance with the strength design method and limit state design method.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.125-134
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• 2003

이 논문에서는 새로 개정된 2000 SOLAS 규정에 근거하여 소형선박용 수동식 레이더 리프렉터(PRR-S) 설계에 관해서 기술했다. 이 연구의 설계개념은 PRR-S이 선박요동에 의해서 레이더 반사면적(RCS)이 변동하는 것을 방지하기 위하여 ‘catch rain’ 위치를 유지하도록 한 것이다. PRR-S은 원형판으로 구성한 옥타헤더럴 레이더 리프렉터와 요동방지를 위한 짐발장치로 구성하였다. 설계한 PRR-S는 전파흡수실에서 성능실험을 하였다. 실험결과, 기준으로 정한 Davis Echomaster사의 리프렉터 보다 설계한 PRR-S이 높은 RCS를 나타냈다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.39-52
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• 1993

비대칭단면(非對稱斷面)을 갖는 박벽공간(薄壁空間)뼈대와 원형(圓形)아아치의 휨-비틂 좌굴해석(挫屈解析)을 수행하기 위하여, 가상(假想)일의 원리(原理)를 이용한 공간(空間)뼈대요소(要素)의 접선강도(接線剛度)매트릭스가 유도(誘導)된다. 양단(兩端) 구속(狗束)된 비틂을 무시(無視)하는 경우와 구속(狗束)된 비틂을 고려(考慮)하는 경우 각각에 대하여 semitangential rotation and moment에 대응(對應)하는 박벽공간(薄壁空間) 뼈대요소(要素)의 탄성(彈性) 및 기하적(幾何的)인 강도(剛度)매트릭스를 산정한다. 이 때, 휨을 받는 평면(平面)보의 처짐함수를 공간(空間) 뼈대요소(要素)의 축방향(軸方向) 및 횡방향(橫方向) 처짐과 비틂회전각에 대한 형상함수(形狀函數)로 사용한다. 순수휨과 균일한 압축력을 받는 도형(圖形)아아치의 횡좌굴문제(橫挫屈問題)를 해석(解析)하여 본(本) 연구(硏究)에 의한 해석결과(解析結果)과 문헌(文獻)의 엄밀해(嚴密解)에 의한 결과들을 비교(比較), 분석(分析)하여 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 제시한 이론(理論)의 정당성(正當性)을 입증(立證)한다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2020

A stress-induced brittle failure in deep tunneling generates spalling and slabbing, eventually causing a v-shaped notch formation. An empirical relationship for the depth of the notch to the maximum tangential stress assuming an equivalent circular cross-section was proposed (Martin et al. 1999). While this empirical approach has been well recognized in the industry and used as a design guideline in many projects, its applicability to a non-circular opening is worth revisiting due to the use of equivalent circular profile. Moreover, even though the extent of the notch also contributes to notch failure, it has not been estimated to date. When the estimate of both the depth and the extent of notch are combined, a practical and economically justifiable support design can be achieved. In this study, a new methodology to assess the depth as well as the extent of notch failure is developed. Field data and numerical simulations using the Cohesion Weakening Frictional Strengthening (CWFS) model were collected and correlated with the three most commonly accepted failure criteria (σ₁/σ₃, D_is=σ_max/σ_c, σ_dev/σ_cm). For the numerical analyses, the D-shaped tunnel was used since most civil tunnels are built to this profile. Inferential statistical analysis is applied to predict the failure range with a 95% confidence level. Considering its accuracy and simplicity, the new correlation can be used as an enhanced version of failure assessment.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2003

원형단면의 깊은 테이퍼봉과 보의 진동수와 모드형상을 결정하는 3차원 해석방법이 제시되었다. 수학적으로 1차원인 전통적인 봉과 보이론과는 달리, 본 연구에서는 3차원 동탄성방정식을 근간으로 하였다. 반경방향(r), 원주방향(θ), 축방향(z)으로의 변위성분인 u/sup r/, u/sub θ/, u/sub z/를 시간에 대해서는 정현적으로, θ에 대해서는 주기적으로, r과 z방향으로는 다수다항식의 형태로 표현하였다. 봉과 보의 위치(변형률)에너지와 운동에너지를 정식화하고, 고유치문제를 해결하기 위해 Ritz법을 사용하였으며, 진동수의 최소화과정을 통해 엄밀해의 상위경계치의 진동수를 구하였다. 이때 다항식의 차수를 증가시키면 진동수는 엄밀해에 수렴하게 된다. 봉과 보의 하위 5개의 진동수에 대해서 유효숫자 4자리까지의 수렴성 연구가 이루어졌다. 축방향으로 1차 직선적, 2차 및 3차 곡선으로 테이퍼된 9가지 형상의 봉과 보의 수치결과를 3차원 이론을 이용하여 최초로 계산하였다. 또한 선형 테이퍼 보의 예를 통해 3차원 Ritz법과 고전적인 1차원 Euler-Bernoulli 보이론과의 비교가 이루어졌다.