• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.304-309
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• 1997

Chemical compositions of petals of Chrysanthemum spp. were determined to renew its interest as a food material. The moisture contents of wild Chrysanthemum boreale and holticulturized Chrysanthemum morifolium were 11.7% and 11.0%. The proximate chemical ompositions were 6.1% and 11.7% in protein, 3.7% and 5.2% in ash, 11.1% and 12.8% in reducing sugar, of C. boreale and C. morifolium, respectively. Free sugars were mainly composed of fructose, glucose and sucrose. In fatty acid composition, the ratios of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids were 1.2:1 and 3.0:1, respectively. The amino acids determined were found 0.18 and 0.26 in the ratio of essential to total amino acids in each sample. Major elements of Chrysanthemum petals were Ca, K, Fe, Mg and Na, but the contents of Ca and Fe were more than twice higher in C. boreale than c. morifolium, Major volatile flavor components were 28.22% of epi-bicyclophellandrene and 24.55% of camphor in C. boreale, and 14.24% of 4-methyl-1-(10methylethyl)-3-cyclhexen-1-ol, 10.74% of camphor and 7.64% of 1,8-cineol in C. morifolium.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to identify essential oils (EOs) and their concentrations that improved the sensory characteristics of Kochujang by analyzing the effect of the essential oil on the sensory characteristics of Kochujang. EOs from Chrysanthemum indicum, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Zanthoxylum piperitum and Zanthoxylum schnifolium, which have an outstanding flavor, were added to Kochujang and the resulting products were subjected to sensory evaluation as a function of storage period. The change in the color of Kochujang by the addition of these EOs from Chrysanthemum indicum, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Zanthoxylum piperitum and Zanthoxylum schnifolium was not observed. Kochujang's characteristic flavor was decreased by an increase in the concentrarion of EOs; however, no significant difference was observed when 0.0005% EOs were added relative to the none-additive groups (p<0.05). EOs addition did not affect the hot taste of Kochujang and as the additive quantity increased Kochujang's characteristic taste significantly decreased (p<0.05). After a storage period of 12 weeks, the overall preference of Chrysanthemum indicum, Chrysanthemum morifolium, and Zanthoxylum piperitum was same as the none-additive groups (p<0.05). Therefore, it is suggested that EOs from Chrysanthemum indicum, Chrysanthemum morifolium, and Zanthoxylum piperitum can be applied as additives to improve the characteristic taste and flavor of Kochujang and the recommended concentration level is 0.0005%.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2022

In recent years, research into medicinal herbs with antioxidative activities has increased. Chrysanthemum morifolium and Chrysanthemum indicum are aromatic herb plants and that have long been used in traditional Vietnamese medicine. This study aims to evaluate the chemical compositions and antioxidative activities of essential oils hydrodistilled from the flower heads of C. morifolium and C. indicum. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were compared using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The antioxidative activity was determined and evaluated spectroscopically by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, metal chelating activity, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity assays. According to the GC/MS results, chrysanthenone was predominant in the essential oils of both C. morifolium (64.14%) and C. indicum (32.02%). This is the first report of the identification of chrysanthenone as a major constituent of the essential oil of C. morifolium. Both Chrysanthemum oils were also revealed to possess antioxidant potential, exhibiting high antioxidative activities. In particular, the DPPH radical scavenging activities of the C. morifolium and C. indicum oils at a concentration of 100 mg/mL were 76.9 and 83.2%, respectively. The metal chelating values of C. morifolium and C. indicum were 0.85 and 0.76, whereas the reducing power values of that at 100 mg/mL were 0.76 and 0.71, respectively. This study provides the chemical properties of the essential oils of both C. morifolium and C. indicum grown in Vietnam and their potential antioxidant capacity.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권3호통권142호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2005

A known flavonoid compound, $apigenin-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucuronide$, was isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Isolated compound, $apigenin-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucuronide$ showed strong anti-ulceric activity in rats.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.331-335
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• 1997

The stability of carotenoid pigments extracted from Chrysanthemum petals against pH, sugar, and organic acid was investigated. The contents of total carotenoids in C. boreale and C. morifolium were 3.37mg% and 4.56mg% Per fresh weight, respectively. The elect of pH on the stability of extracted carotenoids showed that the periods reaching 50% of pigment retention were more than 5 to 6 days in pH 4, and the longer periods in pH 6 to 7 in both samples. The addition of sugars such as sucrose, sorbitol, glucose and fructose resulted in the reduction in pigment stability of C. boreale, but C. morifolium was contrast to C. boreale. However, citric acid and ascorbic acid were found to have a protective effect on both carotenoid samples extracted from C. boreale and C. morifolium.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2006

The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium (Compositae) were investigated for their biofunctional components. Antioxidant compounds were identified from the flower of Chrysanthemum morifolium, through activity-guided fractionation and repeated column chromatographic separations. The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized as chlorogenic acid (1), luteolin (2) and quercitrin (3) by the analysis of physico-chemical and spectral data. Their antioxidant effects were evaluated by assaying for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity and inhibition of xanthine/xanthine oxidase activity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.631-636
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• 2010

천연 항산화제를 개발하기 위하여 80% 에탄올을 용매로 환류냉각 추출한 마가렛, 국화 및 낙동구절초의 꽃과 잎줄기(shoot)의 페놀성 물질 함량, DPPH radical과 ABTS radical 소거능, ferrous ion chelating 효과 및 linoleic acid에 대한 지질과산화 억제활성을 측정하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총플라보노이드 함량, DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능은 국화 잎줄기 추출물에서 가장 높았으며, 특히 국화 잎줄기 추출물의 ABTS radical 소거능은 천연 항산화제인 ascorbic acid와 합성 항산화제인 BHT와 유사하였다. 그러나 $Fe^{2+}$ chelating 효과는 국화 잎줄기 추출물에서 가장 낮았으며, 국화 꽃 추출물에서 가장 우수하였다. Linoleic acid에 대한 지질과산화 억제활성은 마가렛과 국화 잎줄기 추출물에서 가장 우수하였으나, BHT보다 억제활성이 낮았다. 연구의 결과, 국화 잎줄기 추출물은 페놀성 물질 함량 및 radical 소거활성이 우수하여 천연 항산화제로 개발 가치가 매우 높은 것으로 생각되었다. 그러나 금속이온 chelating 및 지질 과산화 억제활성은 다소 낮으므로, 다발적으로 발생하는 산화스트레스를 방지하기 위한 항산화제를 개발하고자 할 때는 국화 잎줄기 추출물과 다른 항산화제를 같이 사용하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2012

In August 2010, a severe crown rot was observed on chrysanthemum ($Chrysanthemum$ $morifolium$ Ramat., variety Sinro) in several greenhouses located at Damyang and Muan, Jeonnam province, Korea. Three isolates (EML-CHS1, -CHS2, and -CHS3) of $Fusarium$ were isolated from the affected plants and identified based on morphological characteristics and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. Sequence analysis by BLAST indicated that EMLCHS1, -CHS2 and CHS3 were closest to a $Fusarium$ species, $F.$ $solani$ with > 99% sequence similarity. Pathogenicity tests were performed on chrysanthemum with spore suspensions containing $3.4{\times}10^6$ spores/ml using the dipping method. Ten days after inoculation, similar symptoms to those observed in the greenhouses were seen on the inoculated plants. The causal fungus was reisolated from the artificially inoculated basal stems, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of crown rot by $Fusarium$ $solani$ on chrysanthemum ($Chrysanthemum$ $morifolium$) in Korea.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2006

Chrysanthemum morifolium (CM) is a herb widely used in medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases. In this study, using mouse peritoneal macrophages, we have examined whether CM affects nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-\alpha$ and interleukin (IL)-6 induced interferon $(IFN)-\gamma$ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CM inhibits $IFN-\gamma$ and LPS-induced NO in dose dependent manner. We also found that CM inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine, $TNF-\alpha$ and IL-6. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was reduced by CM. These finding means that CM can be used in controlling macrophages-mediated inflammatory disease.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2018

국화(C. morifolium)품종인 '백마' 줄기를 80% MeOH 수용액으로 3회 반복 추출한 뒤, 감압농축한 추출물을 EtOAc, n-butyl alcohol과 $H_2O$층으로 계통분획을 실시하였다. EtOAc분획에 대하여 $SiO_2$ 및 ODS column chromatography를 반복실시하여 2종의 지방산 화합물을 분리 및 정제하였다. Nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectrometry, FAB-MS, GC-MS data를 해석하여, 화합물 1과 2를 각각 (2S)-1-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl2,3-dilinoleoylglycerol과 (2S)-1-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl-2,3-dipalmitoylglycerol로 구조동정 하였다.