• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2022

Musculoskeletal pains (MPs), defined as persistent or recurrent pain, is a complex health problem. High overall calorie and fat intake have been related to obesity and MPs. Dietary energy density (DED), defined as energy content of food and beverages (in kcal) per unit total weight, has been associated with chronic muscle, cartilage, bone damage and pain. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the association between DED and MPs in adult men and women. A total of 175 men and women (> 18 years) with MP participated in the study. A validated short form physical activity (PA) questionnaire, demographic, and McGill Pain Questionnaire were used. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated via standard protocols. Furthermore, a seven-day 24-hour recall of diet was used to determine the dietary intake. Total DED was calculated and divided into quartiles. Linear regression was used to discern the association between DED and MPs in adults. Participants assigned in the highest category of DED were characterized by lower intake of potassium, magnesium, vitamin C, folate, and fiber. However, results showed displayed higher intake of sodium, vitamin E, vitamin B3, fat, protein, cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.001). Finally, after adjustment for confounders such as age, gender, PA, body mass index, waist circumference, education, job, marital status, history of some chronic diseases and vitamin C supplementation, a significant positive association was detected between DED and pain intensity. There was no significant association between DED and pain frequency in all models.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2020

Purpose: Temporomadibular disorders (TMDs) can result in chronic pain, which is often associated with psychological and sleep disturbance. Increased levels of psychological and sleep impairments are often related with poor treatment outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate clinical features, psychological profiles and the prevalence of clinical insomnia in TMD patients with chronic pain and to suggest an effective treatment approach. Methods: A total of 200 TMD patients who had visited the Pusan National University Hospital dental clinic for treatment of their pain were recruited from June 2018 through December 2019. TMD patients were classified into an acute (n=100) and chronic (n=100) group and compared the clinical symptoms. The primary diagnosis of TMD were categorized as TMD with joint pain group (TMD_J), TMD with muscle pain group (TMD_M) and TMD with joint-muscle mixed pain group (TMD_JM). Self- report measures of sleep quality and psychological profiles were evaluated via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Korean Stress Response Inventory (SRI). Independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, and chisquared test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Chronic TMD patients showed higher pain intensity, as well as higher prevalence of related symptoms (headache, musculoskeletal pain) and myogenous pain. They also had significantly higher scores in all SRI parameters and a higher percentage of clinical insomnia than acute TMD patients. Conclusions: Based on the above results, psychological profiles and sleep quality assessments are necessary to provide essential data that will allow for improved treatment of chronic TMD patients.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2011

증식치료의 이론적 배경과 기전, 시술방법, 결과 및 합병증 등에 대하여 근거-중심의 문헌 고찰을 토대로 논의하고자 한다. 증식치료는 전통적으로 건 혹은 인대 이완으로 인한 통증을 포함한 만성적인 근-골격 계 통증의 치료법 중 하나로써 증식치료제를 주사하여 염증 반응을 유도하여 인체의 정상적인 치유 기전을 자극하는 최소 침습적 주사요법이다. 증식치료제는 크게 세가지 기전에 의하여 작용하며, 가장 흔히 사용되는 증식치료제는 10~25% 포도당이다. 최근 초음파 기기의 발달과 함께 증식치료에 있어서도 유용하게 이용되고 있어 진단 뿐 아니라 초음파 중재 하 시술을 통해 효율을 높이고 합병증을 줄일 수 있게 되었다. 가장 흔한 합병증은 주사 부위의 통증으로 대개 자기한정적이고 진통제에 잘 반응한다. 그 외 합병증은 드물며 경험이 많은 임상의에 의해 시행되었을 경우 비교적 안전한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 증식치료는 근-골격 계 통증 및 관절 이완의 치료방법으로써 최근 재조명되고 있으나, 현재까지 보고된 결과들은 아직까지는 그 적응과 효과에 대한 확실한 자료가 부족한 실정이다. 이에 향후 적응이 되는 대상의 선택을 확실히 할 수 있는 신체검진 혹은 진단 기술 등에 대한 연구 혹은 주사요법과 다른 보존적 치료와의 비교 연구 등을 통하여 증식치료에 대한 근-골격 계에 있어서의 독립적이면서 효과적인 역할에 대하여 명확히 해야 할 것이다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2003

Although painful conditions of varying degrees of severity involving the soft tissues (i .e., muscles, tendons, ligaments, periosteum and peripheral nerves) occur frequently, their underlying pathogenesis is poorly understood. The term peripheral neuropathic pain has recently been suggested to embrace the combination of positive and negative symptoms in patients whose pain is due to pathological changes or dysfunction in peripheral nerves or nerve root. The spinal nerve root, because of its vulnerable position, is very easily prone to injury from pressure, stretch, angulation, and friction. Therefore, not a few of musculoskeletal chronic pains are result of nerve root dysfunction. Neuropathic changes due to nerve root dysfunction are primarily in soft tissue especially muscle, tendon and joint. It shows tenderness over muscle motor points and palpable muscle contracture bands and restricted Joint range. Careful palpation and physical examination is the important tool that, be abne to detect all of these phenomena.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.242-252
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• 2023

Background: Neck pain is a common problem in the general population and second only to low back pain in musculoskeletal problems. The aim of this study is to compare three different types of exercise training in patients with chronic neck pain. Methods: This study was conducted on 45 patients with neck pain. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (conventional treatment), Group 2 (conventional treatment plus deep cervical flexor training), and Group 3 (conventional treatment plus stabilization of the neck and core region). The exercise programs were applied for four weeks, three days a week. The demographic data, pain intensity (verbal numeric pain scale), posture (Reedco's posture scale), cervical range of motion ([ROM] goniometer), and disability (Neck Disability Index [NDI]) were evaluated. Results: In all groups, a significant improvement was found in terms of pain, posture, ROM, and NDI values in all groups (P < 0.001). Between the groups, analyses showed that the pain and posture improved more in Group 3, while the ROM and NDI improved more in Group 2. Conclusions: In addition to conventional treatment, applying core stabilization exercises or deep cervical flexor muscle training to patients with neck pain may be more effective in reducing pain and disability and increasing ROM than conventional treatment alone.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.48-70
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therapy on acute, subacute and chronic pain and depression of musculoskeletal trauma patients. The study was designed using nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design within the framework of an adaptation model. The subjects were composed of forty patients, and twenty of them were assigned to the experimental group and twenty to the control group within the unit of patients. Data were summarized as follows : 1. There were significant changes of pain scores in an experimental and a control group measured before and after the treatment. 2. There were significant changes of pulse rates, respiration rates and systolic blood pressure, but were no significant changes of diastolic blood pressure in an experimental and a control group measured before and after the treatment. 3. There were no significant changes of the amount of ${\beta}$-endorphin in an experimental and a control group measured before and after the treatment. 4. There were no significant changes of depression scores in an experimental and a control group measured before and after the treatment. As a result, music therapy was a useful nursing intervention for relief of acute, subacute and chronic pain. Two suggestions could be made on the ground of the results of this study. 1. On the basis of endogenous pain control theory, it's necessary to research the changes of the amount of ${\beta}$-endorphin as the effect of the music therapy on patients having severe pain. 2. It's necessary to research the changes of the amount of ${\beta}$-endorphin according to the lapse of time after the music therapy for pain relief.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Background: Chronic neck pain (CNP) is associated with weakness in the deep neck flexor muscles, a shortening of the neck extensors, and a reduction in endurance. In addition, muscle imbalance can lead to neck pain and musculoskeletal dysfunction. This study compared neck extensor muscle fatigue, muscle strength, and muscle endurance time between patients with CNP and healthy adults during isometric neck extension. Methods: Thirty participants (15 patients with CNP and 15 healthy adults) were recruited in this research. The outcome measures included splenius capitis (SC) muscle fatigue, isometric neck extensor strength, and muscle endurance. The independent T-test was used to compare the continuous dependent variables between the CNP group and the healthy group. Results: The independent T-test indicated that muscle fatigue in the left SC differed significantly between the CNP group and the healthy group. A significant difference was also noted in the isometric neck extensor and neck extensor strength between the groups. Conclusion: Our results provided promising clinical evidence that patients with CLP have reduced neck extensor strength and endurance and increased SC muscle fatigue, which results in neck pain.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2012

Objectives: People who have chronic diseases, as well as gait imbalance or psychiatric drug use, may be susceptible to injuries from falls and slips. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of musculoskeletal diseases on incidental fall-related injuries among adults in Korea. Methods: We analyzed data from the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009), which are national data obtained by a rolling survey sampling method. The 1-year incidence of fall-related injuries was defined by health service utilization within the last year due to injury occurring after a slip and fall, and musculoskeletal diseases included osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and back pain. To evaluate the effects of preexisting musculoskeletal diseases, adults diagnosed before the last year were considered the exposed group, and adults who had never been diagnosed were the unexposed group. Results: The weighted lifetime prevalence of musculoskeletal disease was 32 540 per 100 000 persons. Musculoskeletal diseases were associated with a higher risk of fall-related injury after adjustment for sex, age, residence, household income, education, occupation, visual disturbance, paralysis due to stroke, and medication for depression (odds ratio [OR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.93). As the number of comorbid musculoskeletal diseases increased, the risk of fall-induced injuries increased (p-value for trend <0.001). In particular, patients who had any musculoskeletal condition were at much higher risk of recurrent fall-related injuries (OR, 6.20; 95% CI, 1.06 to 36.08). Conclusions: One must take into account the risk of fall-related injuries and provide prevention strategies among adults who have musculoskeletal diseases.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2015

만성 통증(Chronic pain)은 병원을 찾는 가장 흔한 원인이고, 환자 자신뿐만 아니라 가족, 사회에까지 경제적 비용 문제를 야기한다. 본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 우리나라 일반인의 근골계질환으로 인한 만성통증의 규모를 분석하고, 이들의 의료이용에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 5기 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하였고, 이중에서 20세 이상인 사람을 대상으로 분석을 하였다. 평가도구로는 EuroQoL-5 Dimension Index(EQ-5D)를 이용하였다. 통계분석은 t-test와 카이제곱 검정, 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 의료 이용에 대해서는 만성 통증이 있는 경우는 대조군에 비하여 의료이용을 하는 경우가 5.858배 높았으며 만성 통증 여부를 통제한 상태에서도 여자는 남자에 비하여 의료 이용을 하는 경우가 1.156배 높았다. 그러나 연령이나 직업, 가구 수입 여부는 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 만성 통증이 있는 경우는 삶의 질 역시 낮았는데, 만성 통증의 관리는 삶의 질을 높이고 의료이용을 억제하기 위하여 매우 중요한 역할을 한다고 할 수 있다. 마취통증의학과 의사는 진통제나 진경제와 같은 약물에 관해서도 해박하고 또한 숙련된 신경블록 기술도 가지고 있어 통증에 대해 다양한 방법을 구사할 수 있는 입장에 있다. 따라서 만성통증의 관리에 있어서 마취통증의학과의 역할이 중요하고 주도적으로 이루어질 필요가 있다.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this research was to develop a proposal by investigating the work habits associated with exercise programs for the prevention of chronic back pain. Methods : The symptoms, areas and causes of musculoskeletal patients were analyzed during a three-month period in order to develop and apply prevention programs that stimulate lumbar deep layer muscle movement. Results : The results of this study show that the lumbar and shoulders are primary areas of pain. According to the literature, lumbar and shoulder pain is caused due to long periods in the standing position and unhealthy posture during work. A preliminary program was conducted for one month to study lower back pain prevention. Preliminary results of the program showed a lumbar stabilizing effect caused by the strengthening of abdominal muscles. In addition, the alignment of the spine often leads to effective action. Therefore, action-oriented programs should be implemented in order to induce contractions of the transverse abdominis muscle. Conclusion : The completed program should consider habit and practices of workers within their working environment. The promotion of health through exercise for both employers and workers is expected to bring physical and psychological benefits that will positively affect economic results.