• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.142-145
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• 2008

Forefoot injuries are common in runners or martial art athletes, but due to the anatomical stability, collateral ligament injury of the hallucal interphalangeal joint has been rarely reported. We report a college Taekwondo athlete with chronic varus instability of the hallucal interphalangeal joint due to chronic lateral collateral ligament rupture. The patient had been treated with lateral ligament reconstruction and achieved good clinical outcome.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2022

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the effect of muscle taping and joint taping on static and dynamic balance in normal adults with chronic ankle instability. Methods : The subjects of this study were 32 people who met the inclusion criteria. This cross-sectional study was conducted using the Kinesio tape, an elastic tape, was used. Subjects were randomized to exclude the effect of sequence, and no taping, joint taping, and muscle taping were applied as taping interventions. One-leg standing test and a Functional reach test were conducted to measure static balance, and Y-balance test was conducted to measure dynamic balance. One way repeated ANOVA was performed to investigate the difference in balance ability according to the taping intervention. If there was a significant difference, a post-hoc was performed using the Bonferroni method. Results : In the case of static balance, joint taping showed more significant results than did no taping and muscle taping (p<.05), and muscle taping showed more significant results than did no taping (p<.05). In the case of dynamic balance, muscle taping showed significantly larger results than did no taping and joint taping (p<.05) and joint taping showed significantly larger results than did no taping (p<.05). Conclusion : This study found that mechanical stimulation of muscles and joint compression by elastic taping increased ankle stability and improved static and dynamic balance. In particular, for static balance, joint taping was more effective than muscle taping, and for dynamic balance, muscle taping was more effective than joint taping. Applying the appropriate taping method to individual subjects has the advantage of maximizing the therapeutic effect for the recovery of balance ability. Similarly, the application of various tapings to subjects with ankle instability will have a positive effect on functional improvement.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.2077-2089
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• 2020

Background: Chronic ankle instability is a common injury that decreases balance and negatively affects functional movements, such as jumping and landing. Objectives: To analyze the effect of taping types and jump heights on balance with eyes open and closed during jump landings in chronic ankle instability. Design: Within-subject design. Methods: The study involved 22 patients with chronic ankle instability. They performed both double-leg and single-leg drop jump landings using three conditions (elastic taping, non-elastic taping, and barefoot) on three different jump platforms (30, 38, and 46 cm). Balance was measured using the Romberg's test with eyes open and closed. Results: Interaction effect was not statistically significant. Balance with eyes open and closed was significantly improved in both the elastic taping and non-elastic taping conditions compared to the barefoot condition. There was no significant difference according to the jump height. Conclusion: Individuals with chronic ankle instability demonstrated increased balance ability with eyes open and closed when jump landing. Elastic taping and non-elastic taping on the ankle joint can positively affect balance during landing in individuals with chronic ankle instability.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2021

The open Broström procedure is considered the surgery of choice for treating chronic lateral ankle instability. The role of arthroscopy has gained popularity in the surgical treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability, partly for the ability to manage the intra-articular pathology combined with ankle instability. Arthroscopic techniques can be divided broadly into the arthroscopic-assisted Broström technique and arthroscopic all-inside ligament repair. The clinical results of these arthroscopic techniques are similar to open procedures. The arthroscopic technique may be an excellent alternative to the open Broström procedure in treating chronic lateral ankle instability when applying the appropriate indications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of vibration stimulation of a vibration foam roller on the change in the range of motion of the ankle joint and proprioception in patients with chronic ankle instability. An additional aim was to provide basic data for rehabilitation programs for chronic ankle instability patients. METHODS: This study was a randomized crossover design of 22 patients with chronic ankle instability. All subjects were divided into a vibrating group, a non-vibrating group, and a control group. The vibration and non-vibration groups performed the interventions, but the control group did not. For the measurement, the range of motion and proprioception of the ankle joint was measured using an electronic protractor (Electrogoniometer, BPM Pathway, UK). RESULTS: The vibration group showed significant differences in the dorsiflexion angle, dorsiflexion proprioception, and plantar flexion proprioception (p < .05). The non- vibration group showed significant differences in the dorsiflexion angle and dorsiflexion proprioceptive sensation (p < .05). The vibration group and the control group showed significant differences in dorsiflexion proprioception and plantar flexion proprioception (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The range of motion and proprioception of the ankle joint were improved in the group that received vibration stimulation after the intervention than before the intervention. Future research will be needed on patients with various diseases.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.168-175
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the static and dynamic analysis of ankle joint complex between subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and healthy controls. Method: A total of 38 subjects and CAI group (N=19) and healthy control (N=19) participated in this first study. Variables that were measured in this study were as follows: 1) Subtalar joint axis inclination and deviation 2) Rearfoot angle 3) Navicular drop test 4) Heel alignment view in alignment analysis. Intra Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is used for reliability. A secondary 17 subjects are recruited including 9 of CAI and healthy for gait analysis between group. Lower extremity sagittal, frontal, and transverse kinematics were measured. All data were analyzed to ensemble curve analysis. Results: 1) There were statistically significant differences in standing rearfoot, navicular drop, heel alignment view, subtalar joint (STJ) inclination and deviation. 2) Only in sagittal, meaningful difference is showed during walking in gait analysis. Conclusion: Morphological problem can affect ankle sprain in aspect of structure with no relation to compensation of neuromuscular.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.268-274
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• 2023

Background: Ankle sprains occur frequently among humans who undertake various body movements. Diverse walking environments and dual tasks, that can affect ankle sprains, have been studied. However, there is a lack of research on inter-trial variability according to the changes in gait speed. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the adaptive ability of walking between the subjects with chronic ankle instability and healthy adults while performing a walking task with different walking speeds. Methods: In this study, 24 people in the chronic ankle instability group and 24 people in the healthy ankle group were selected as subjects. The length of the pre-measurement and the actual walking measurement were both set to 4.6 m. Once the subjects entered the measurement section, they changed their gait speed according to the randomly assigned speed change. Gait was measured twice and the average value was used for the analysis. Results: The coefficient of variation (CV) of cycle time in subjects with chronic ankle instability showed a significant difference in all cases except when the subjects changed their speed from preferred to slow and from slow to preferred. The CV of step length demonstrated a significant difference in all cases except for the change from slow to preferred and from preferred to fast. The cycle time and step length differential showed a significant difference only when the subjects changed the speed from slow to fast. Conclusion: The subjects with chronic ankle instability were found to have significantly reduced walking adaptability while performing inter-trial variability tasks with different gait speeds compared to healthy subjects.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the declination of the subtalar joint rotation axis and the structural features of the ankle joint complex such as rear-foot angle alignment and ligament laxity test between chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients and healthy control. Method: A total of 76 subjects and CAI group (N=38, age: $23.11{\pm}7.63yrs$, height: $165.67{\pm}9.54cm$, weight: $60.13{\pm}11.71kg$) and healthy control (N=38, age: $23.55{\pm}7.03yrs$, height: $167.92{\pm}9.22cm$, weight: $64.58{\pm}13.40kg$) participated in this study. Results: The declination of the subtalar joint rotation axis of the CAI group was statistically different from healthy control in both sagittal slope and transverse slope. The rear-foot angle of CAI group was different from a healthy control. Compared to healthy control, they had the structure of rear-foot varus that could have a high occurrence rate of ankle varus sprain. CAI group had loose ATFL and CFL compared to the healthy control. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the deviation of the subtalar joint rotation axis and the structural features of the ankle joint complex were different between the CAI group and the healthy control and this difference is a meaningful factor in the occurrence of lateral ankle sprains.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2018

Chronic lateral ankle instability is a major complication of acute ankle sprains, which can cause discomfort in both daily and sports activity. In addition, it may result in degenerative changes to the ankle joint in the long term. An accurate diagnostic approach and successful treatment plan can be established based on a comprehensive understanding of the concept of functional and mechanical instability. The patients' history and correct physical examination would be the first and most important step. The hindfoot alignment, competence of the lateral ligaments, and proprioceptive function should be evaluated. Additional information can be gathered using standard and stress radiographs. In addition, concomitant pathologic conditions can be investigated by magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative rehabilitation composed of the range of motion, muscle strengthening, and proprioceptive exercise is the main treatment for functional instability and mechanical instability. Regarding the mechanical instability, surgical treatment can be considered for irresponsible patients after a sufficient period of rehabilitation. Anatomic repair (modified $Brostr{\ddot{o}}m$ operation) is regarded as the gold standard procedure. In cases with poor prognostic factors, an anatomical reconstruction or additional procedures can be chosen. For combined intra-articular pathologies, arthroscopic procedures should be conducted, and arthroscopic lateral ligament repair has recently been introduced. Regarding the postoperative management, early functional rehabilitation with short term immobilization is recommended.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2023

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the balance ability between subjects with chronic ankle instability and normal people and the center of pressure displacement during the sit to stand and stand to sit. Methods : The subjects of this study were 63 who met the inclusion criteria and were classified into normal group (n=33) and chronic ankle instability group (n=30). The displacement of the center of pressure during sit to stand and stand to sit was measured. And the limit of stability and Y-balance tests were performed to measure the balance ability. Independent t-test was conducted to compare center of pressure displacement and balance ability between groups, and pearson correlation was conducted to analyze the correlation between the center of pressure displacement and balance ability. Results : In the case of the center of pressure displacement, there was a significant difference between the two groups during sit to stand and stand to sit. In the case of balance, both limit of stability and Y-balance test showed significant differences between the two groups. At the time of sit to stand, the center of pressure displacement showed a significant correlation with balance abilities, and at the time of stand to sit, the center of pressure displacement showed a significant correlation with Y-balance test. Conclusion : Chronic ankle instability shows that there is a lot of sway in the body due to compensation to replace the decrease in ankle joint range of motion when performing sit to stand and stand to sit due to sensory input damage such as decrease in ankle range of motion and decrease in ankle proprioception. Chronic ankle instability is expected to have a negative effect on our daily lives in life. The results of this study will serve as the basis for the dynamic approach to objective evaluation, treatment, and prevention of chronic ankle instability.