• 제목/요약/키워드: Chromosome Aberration

검색결과 192건 처리시간 0.039초

MUTAGENICITY TESTS OF A NEW CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTIC AGENT, IDC-7181

  • Zheng, Mei-Shu;Sin, Ji-Soon;Kwon, Young-Bang;Nam, Sang-Yoon;Kang, Jong-Koo
    • 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Dietary and Medicinal Antimutgens and Anticarcinogens
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    • pp.180-180
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    • 2001
  • The mutagenic potency of a new antibiotics, IDC- 7181, was evaluated using the mutagenicity tests including Ames, chromosome aberration and micronucleus tests. In bacterial reversion assay, IDC-7181 did not show any mutagenic response in the absence or presence of S9 mixture with Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TAlOO, TA1535 and TA1537 and E. coli WP2uvrA-(100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate).(omitted)

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GLP-Application to Cell Culture-Based Toxicity Tests

  • Koh, Woo-Suk
    • 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국독성학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.95-101
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    • 2006
  • Compare to the toxicity tests using experimental animals, the GLP application and compliance in toxicity studies using cell culture systems may be less straightforward elucidated in the two documents published by the OECD Working Croup on GLP 'The Application of the GLP Principles to Short Term Studies (1999)' and 'The Application of the Principles of GLP to in vitro Studies (2004)' The object of this presentation is to show how to interpret the GLP principles and to apply with actual performances in a well known toxicity test using cell culture, chromosome aberration study. The presentation will cover test substance, test system (cell line), study environment management, documentation, quality assurance, and study protocol and report.

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MNNG 또는 Benzo(a)pyrene 유도 염색체 이상에 미치는 Bleomycin의 효과 (Enhancement of Chromosome Aberrations in Lymphocytes of Mice after in Vivo Exposure to Chemicals and in Vitro Challenge with Bleomycin)

  • Heo, M.Y.;Grady, J.J.;Au, W.W.
    • 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.71-76
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    • 1998
  • 환경독성물질에 의한 폭로는 세포내 DNA의 수복과정에 영향을 미쳐 돌연변이나 암을 유발할 수 있다. 독성물질에 의해 유도된 DNA의 비정상 수복효과를 판단하기 위하여.in vivo에서 MNNG 또는 Benzo(a)pyrene을 투여하고 in vitro에서 Bleomycin을 처리하여 나타나는 염색체이상효과를 관찰하였다. 실험결과, MNNG를 투여 후 Bleomycin을 처리하였을 때 염색체이상의 상승효과가 나타났다. 한편, Benzo(a)pyrene 투여 후 Bleomycin을 처리하였을 패는 높은 농도에서 염색체이상의 상승효과가 나타났다. 이같은 결과는 MNNG나 Benzo(a)pyrene 같은 유전독성물질들이 in vivo에서 세포내 비정상 DNA수복을 일으킬 수 있으며, 이러한 작용은 관련 유전독성물질의 염색체손상성에 무관하며 투여용량에 의존되는 것으로 판단된다.

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Evaluation of Chromosomal Alteration in Electrical Workers Occupationally Exposed to Low Frequency of Electro Magnetic Field (EMFs) in Coimbatore Population, India

  • Balamuralikrishnan, Balasubramanian;Balachandar, Vellingiri;Kumar, Shanmugam Suresh;Stalin, Nattan;Varsha, Prakash;Devi, Subramaniam Mohana;Arun, Meyyazhagan;Manikantan, Pappuswamy;Venkatesan, Chinnakulandhai;Sasikala, Keshavarao;Dharwadkar, Shahnaz N.
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권6호
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    • pp.2961-2966
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    • 2012
  • Extremely low frequency electro magnetic fields (EMFs) have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. An increased number of chromosomal alterations in peripheral lymphocytes are correlated with elevated incidence of cancer. The aim of the present study was to assess occupationally induced chromosomal damage in EMF workers exposed to low levels of radiation. We used conventional metaphase chromosome aberration (CA) analysis and the micronucleus (MN) assay as biological indicators of non ionizing radiation exposure. In the present study totally 70 subjects were selected including 50 exposed and 20 controls. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants and the study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the approval of the local ethical committee. A higher degree of CA and MN was observed in exposed subjects compared to controls, the frequency of CA being significantly enhanced with long years of exposure (P<0.05). Moreover increase in CA and MN with age was noted in both exposed subjects and controls, but was significantly greater in the former. The results of this study demonstrated that a significant induction of cytogenetic damage in peripheral lymphocytes of workers occupationally exposed to EMFs in electric transformer and distribution stations. In conclusion, our findings suggest that EMFs possess genotoxic capability, as measured by CA and MN assays; CA analysis appeared more sensitive than other cytogenetic end-points. It can be concluded that chronic occupational exposure to EMFs may lead to an increased risk of genetic damage among electrical workers.

감마선 조사된 과메기의 유전독성학적 안전성 평가 (Genotoxicological Safety of Gamma-Irradiated Kwamegi(semi-dried Colobabis seira))

  • 육홍선;정영진;송현파;이주운;변명우
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.182-192
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    • 2004
  • 과메기의 위생화를 위한 방사선 조사기술의 이용 가능성을 검토할 목적으로 방사선 조사를 실시한 후 독성학적 안전성 실험인 in vitro Ames test SOS chromotest 및 CHL 세포를 이용한 염색체 이상시험과 ICR 수컷 마우스를 이용한 in vivo 소핵세포실험을 실시하였다. 감마선 조사 및 비조사된 과메기의 Salmonella typhimurium(TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537)과 Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA 균주에 대한 복귀변이 집락수 시험, SOS chromotest(Escherichia coli PQ37) 시험 및 CHL 세포를 이용한 염색체 이상시험을 수행한 결과 물추출물과 용매추출물 및 대사활성계 도입 혹은 부재시 모두, 모든 시험균주에서 시험적용 농도인 10,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate까지의 농도에서 감마선 조사된 시료는 비조사된 시료와 같이 음성을 나타내었다. 또, 감마선 조사 및 비조사된 과메기의 in vivo 소핵세포실험에서도 소핵이 발견되지 않았다. 따라서, 10 kGy까지 고선량 감마선 조사된 과메기는 위 수행된 in vitro 및 in vivo 유전독성시험을 실시한 결과 음성을 나타낸 것으로 보아 유전독성학적으로 돌연변이원성이 없음을 확인할 수 있었다.

고메이신 함유 옥수수수염 추출물의 유전독성학적 안전성 연구 (Genotoxicity Studies on Corn Silk Extract Containing High Maysin)

  • 하애화;강현중;김선림;김명환;김우경
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제46권9호
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    • pp.1045-1052
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구에서는 고메이신 함유 옥수수수염 추출물의 유전독성에 대한 안전성을 규명하고자 세균에서의 복귀돌연변이 유발성, 염색체 이상, 마우스 골수세포에 있어서 소핵실험을 수행하였다. 세균에서의 복귀돌연변이 유발성 여부는 Salmonella Typhimurium의 히스티딘 요구성 균주인 TA100, TA1535, TA98 및 TA1537의 4개 균주와 대장균 Escherichia coli의 트립토판 요구성 균주인 WP2 uvrA를 이용하여 대사활성계 적용(+S9 Mix) 및 비적용(-S9 Mix)하에서 유전 손상을 측정한 결과 모든 균주에서 대사활성계 적용 및 비적용 시 옥수수수염 추출물(5,000, 1,666.67, 555.56, 185.19, $61.73{\mu}g/plate$)에서 복귀돌연변이 평균 집락수의 변화 및 농도 의존적인 증가는 관찰되지 않았다. 염색체 이상 실험에서 대사활성계 적용 및 비적용 6시간 처리군(최고농도 $1,250{\mu}g/mL$)과 대사활성계 비적용 24시간 처리군(최고농도 $250{\mu}g/mL$)에서 이상 중기상 발현 빈도의 증가 및 음성대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의성이 확인되지 않았다. 마우스 골수세포에서의 소핵실험에서는 모든 투여용량의 옥수수수염 추출물(0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg)에서 다염성 적혈구 중 소핵다염성 적혈구의 출현 빈도 및 총 적혈구에 대한 다염성 적혈구의 출현 빈도가 음성대조군과 비교하여 유의한 차이가 없었으므로 2,000 mg/kg 옥수수수염 추출물의 섭취는 마우스 골수세포의 소핵 유도에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 판단된다. 결론적으로 세균에서의 복귀돌연변이 실험, 염색체 이상 실험 및 생체 내에서의 마우스 골수세포에서의 소핵시험을 통하여 본 실험 조건에서 고메이신 함유 옥수수수염 추출물은 유전독성을 유발하지 않는 것을 확인하였다.

The Genotoxicity Study of Molinate, an Herbicide, in Bacterial Reversion, in vitro and in vivo Mammalian System

  • Kim, Youn-Jung;Ryu, Jae-Chun
    • Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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    • 제2권3호
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    • pp.176-184
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    • 2006
  • The controversy on genotoxicity of molinate, an herbicide, has been reported in bacterial system, and in vitro and in vivo mammalian systems. To clarify the genotoxicity of molinate, we performed bacterial gene mutation test, in vitro chromosome aberration and mouse lymphoma $tk^{+/-}$ gene assay, and in vivo micronucleus assay using bone marrow cells and peripheral reticulocytes of mice. In bacterial gene mutation assay, no mutagenicity of molinate ($12-185{\mu}g/plate$) was observed in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, 100, 1535 and 1537 both in the absence and in the presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. The clastogenicity of molinate was observed in the presence ($102.1-408.2\;{\mu}g/mL$) of metabolic activation system in mammalian cell system using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast. However, no clastogenicity was observed in the absence ($13.6-54.3\;{\mu}g/mL$) of metabolic activation system. It is suggested that the genotoxicity of molinate was derived some metabolites by metabolic activation. Molinate was also subjected to mouse lymphoma L5178Y $tk^{+/-}$ cells using microtiter cloning technique. In the absence of S-9 mixture, mutation frequencies (MFs) were revealed $1.4-1.9{\times}10^{-4}$ with no statistical significance. However, MFs in the presence of metabolic activation system revealed $3.2-3.4{\times}10^{-4}$ with statistical significance (p<0.05). In vivo micronucleus (MN) assay using mouse bone marrow cells, molinate revealed genotoxic potential in the dose ranges of 100-398 mg/kg of molinate when administered orally. Molinate also subjected to acridine orange MN assay with mouse peripheral reticulocytes. The frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRETs) induced 48 hr after i.p. injection at a single dose of 91, 182 and 363 mg/kg of molinate was dose-dependently increased as $10.2{\pm}4.7,\;14.6{\pm}3.9\;and\;28.6{\pm}6.3\;(mean{\pm}SD\;of\;MNRETs/2,000\;reticulocytes)$ with statistical significance (p<0.05), respectively. Consequently, genotoxic potential of molinate was observed in in vitro mammalian mutagenicity systems only in the presence of metabolic activation system and in vivo MN assay using both bone marrow cells and peripheral reticulocytes in the dose ranges used in this experiment. These results suggest that metabolic activation plays a critical role to express the genotoxicity of molinate in in vitro and in vivo mammalian system.