• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 1998

The entire sequence of a 4,214,810 bp genome of the Bacillus subtilis 168 has been determined by an international project, and the completion has been announced on July 19, 1997. For the sequencing project an international consortium was established and 25 European, 7 Japanese laboratories, 2 biotechnology companies, and our laboratory participated in the project. Within this framework we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a 53,289 bp fragment upstream of the odhA gene (181 $^{\circ}$) of the B. subtilis 168 chromosome. On the basis of the published DNA sequences of the B. subtilis sspC and odhA genes, we obtained genomic fragments by plasmid rescue and long-range PCR. The sequenced fragment contains 56 putative open reading frames (designated yojA-yolI and 9 known genes (sspC, cge cluster, orfE5, orfRMl and odhA), in which we found many interesting features. In addition, the entire nucleotide sequence of a 53,289 bp region enabled us to revise the current genetic map of this region.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.547-554
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• 2004

Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of chromosomes consisting of tandem repeat sequences of . (TTAGGG)n. Telomeres serve as guardians of the genome, protect individual chromosomes within the nucleus, and help in meiotic pairing of homologous chromosomes. To investigate the telomere distributions of cattle and pig chromosomes, fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) was carried out on metaphase spreads of in vitro fibroblast cultures from Holstein and Landrace using a human telomeric DNA repeat probe. Results indicate that the distinct double spots on both ends of chromosomes of cattle and pigs were observed. In cattle, there was a random variation in the intensity of telomere signals among chromosomes. In pigs, an interstitial telomeric signal was observed on the chromosome 6q1 of all the cells examined. According to quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization(Q-FISH) analysis, some chromosomes had consistently much more telorneres at one end of chromosomes. In general, both species had consistently much more telomeres at q-end than p-end on most of chromosomes. The relative amount of telomeres on bovine chromosomes was higher than that on pig chromosomes. In additions, Y chromosome had the highest relative amount of telorneres in cattle and pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.445-456
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• 2008

Telomeres consist of TTAGGG tandem repeated DNA sequences with specific proteins and locate at chromosome ends. Telomeres are essential for chromosome stability and are related with cell senescence, apoptosis and cancer. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein which has a template for the synthesis of telomeric DNA. This study was carried out to analyze the amount of telomeric DNA and telomerase activity in cattle cells. Analysis of the quantity of telomere in lymphocytes was done at different ages, sex and among Korean cattle and Holstein breeds. The telomerase activity was also analyzed in liver, brain, heart, kidney, and testis tissues of fetal calf and of 18 month old cattle. The amount of telomeres in lymphocytes and other tissue cells was analyzed by Quantitative-Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (Q-FISH) technique using a telomeric DNA probe. Telomerase activity was analyzed by Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol assay (TRAP). The amount of telomeric DNA on the lymphocytes during the whole life span was decreased along with age. Quantity of telomeres in Korean cattle was significantly higher than that in Holstein breed. The amount of telomeric DNA in males was significantly higher than that in females. Telomerase activity was up-regulated in most bovine tissues during fetal stage, but was down-regulated in most tissues at mature 18 month age except the testis cells. This study indicates that the amount of telomeres and telomerase activity of cells can be used as an age marker or/and a physiological marker of cattle.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 1999

Klinefelter's syndrome is a very important disease in gynecologic endocrinologic fields, because the patients with this karyotype complain of infertility, azospermia and ambiguous genitalia. Y chromosome is an important chromosome which determine genetic sex and the structure of gonad and genitalia. In this study, to elucidate the cytogenetic characteristics and clinical features of Klinefelter's syndrome and Y chromosomal abnormalities in Korea, we studied 303 cases of Klinefelter's syndrome and 11 cases of Y chromosomal abnormalities which were diagnosed by chromosomal analysis at the Cytogenetic Laboratory, Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Seoul National University for 12 years from January 1984 to December 1996. The results of this study showed as follows: 1. In a total of 9275 cases, there were 303 cases (3.3%) of Klinefelter's syndromes, 11 cases (0.1%) of Y chromosomal abnormalities. 2. In 102 cases of patients showed typical clinical features of Klinefelter's syndrome, 101 cases (99%) of them were diagnosed to Klinefelter's syndrome in karyotyping. 3. In 303 cases of Klinefelter's syndrome, there were 277 cases (91.4%) of 47,XXY complement, 16 cases (5.3%) of mosaicism, 2 cases (0.7%) of 48,XXXY, 5 cases (1.7%) of 48,XXYY and 3 cases (1.0%) of 49,XXXXY. 4. In 303 cases of Klinefelter's syndrome, 284 cases (93.7%) of them were diagnosed after puberty and only 19 cases (6.3%) of them were diagnosed before puberty. 5. In 303 cases of Klinefelter's syndrome, there were 146 cases (48.2%) of patients with infertility-associated chief complaints, 101 cases (33.3%) of patients with typical clinical features of Klinefelter's syndrome, 22 cases (7.3%) of patients with ambiguous genitalia. 6. In patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, 48,XXYY and 49,XXXXY had serious symptoms such as mental retardation, developmental delay, Down syndrome-like features, congenital anomalies, but 48,XXYY and other mosaicisms had infertility-associated symptoms or ambiguous genitalia. 7. The 8 cases of polysomy Y (XYY complement) showed several serious symptoms such as Down syndrome-like features, mental retardation, fragile X syndrome-like feature, congenital anomalies, ambiguous genitalia which could be detected before puberty.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.6 s.86
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• pp.741-747
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• 2007

In the azoospermic patients, there are many of undiagnosed factors related to genetic bases. Among them, Klinefelter's syndrome (47,XXY; KS) and Y-chromosomal microdeletion with normal karyotype(46,XY; YMNK) are the most frequent causes of male infertility. This research focused on the comparative analysis of YMNK (n = 66) and K5 (n = 30) patients suffered from male infertility in Korean population. We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach including 19 pairs of sequence-tagged site (STS) primers for detecting the Y-chromosomal microdeletion on AZFa, b, c regions, indicating that Y chromosomal microdeletions were almost evenly occurred in AZF all regions in Korean population. Comparative analysis indicated that 34.9% YMNK and 73.4% KS patients harbored the microdeleted Y-chromosome. It seems to be high instability of Y-chromosome in KS patients than that of YMNK infertility patients. Taken together, genome instability containing microdeletion could bring male infertility with the disturbance of normal spermatogenesis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.454-460
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• 2008

This study was carried out to demonstrate morphological, cytological and molecular evidence for intersubgeneric $F_1$ hybrid between Glycine tomentella and G. max cv. ‘Baemkong’. Morphological features of $F_1$ plant for pistil and stamen, flower color and growth habit showed intermediate type between G. tomentella and G. max cv. ‘Baemkong’. Chromosome number of $F_1$ plant was 2n=39, which explained the evidence of $F_1$ hybrid between G. tomentella (2n=38) and G. max cv. ‘Baemkong’ (2n=40). Polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing pattern for esterase and peroxidase also showed that the $F_1$ plant was true $F_1$ hybrid between G. tomentella and G. max cv. ‘Baemkong’. From RAPD analysis, we identified that 62 primers showing bands in $F_1$ hybrid had both bands from G. tomentella and G. max cv. ‘Baemkong’, which suggested that this was true $F_1$ hybrid. Based on our results from morphological, cytological and molecular analyses, we suggest that the $F_1$ plant was true intersubgeneric hybrid between G. tomentella and G. max cv. ‘Baemkong’. Our results still remain us further study to recover fertility of $F_1$ hybrids. The occurrence of maternal and/or paternal inheritance in $F_1$ hybrid from intersubgeneric cross between G. tomentella and G. max cv. ‘Baemkong’ need to be explained.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.250-255
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• 2017

'Hwaweon 7' was developed from a cross between the African upland cultivar, 'Moroberekan' and 'Ilpumbyeo' based on marker-aided backcross selection. The recurrent parent, Ilpumbyeo is a high grain quality cultivar with medium to late maturity. Hwaweon 7 is nearly isogenic to Ilpumbyeo except a small Moroberekan introgressed segment on chromosome 6 harboring genes related with spikelets per panicle and internode diameter. The preliminary and replicated yield trial was conducted at Chungnam National University and Chungcheongnamdo Agricultural Research & Extension (CARES), Yesan in 2010 and 2011. The local adaptability test was carried out by the National Seed Management Office (NSMO) in 2012 and 2013. This cultivar was registered to NSMO with a cultivar designated as "Hwaweon7". This cultivar averaged 80cm in culm length and has a medium growth duration. Milled rice of "Hwaweon7" is translucent and the grain quality traits are comparable to those of the recurrent parent. The average yield potential of Hwaweon 7 in grain was about 6.48 MT/ha at the ordinary fertilizer level for two years about 5.1% higher than that of Ilpumbyeo due to increase in spikelets per panicle. This variety is tolerant to lodging and the tolerance is due to the APO1 gene controlling the base internode diameter on chromosome 6 introgressed from the donor parent, Moroberekan. The Apo1 gene would be useful in enhancing resistance to lodging in rice breeding program.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.85-93
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• 1969

The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations, unmerical variations at various time intervals and DNA synthetic patterns after the treatment with steroids in synchronized human kidney cells treated with 5-AU were investigated in the present experiment. 1. In 5-AU treated group, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations per cell was 0.131, 3 times of control group. In 5-AU + progesterone and 5-AU + testosterone groups, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations per cell was 0.340 and 0.452 respectively. 2. In 5-AU treated group, the frequency of cells with abnormal chromosome number was 0.8%, which was distributed throughout the time regardless of time interval. In 5-AU + progesterone and 5-AU + testosterone groups, the frequencies of cells with abnormal chromosome number were 2.2% and 4.3% respectively and they increased with the time. In 5-AU + progesterone group, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations exhiited the peaks at 12 and 18 hour stage after the treatment with steroids and, in 5-AU + testosterone group, it decreased with the time and in 5-AU treated group no significant difference was observed 3. The increase of labeled metaphases and labelling intensities in 5-AU treated cells are the result of the accumulation of cells at S stage by 5-AU. The decrease of labeled metaphases, labelling intensities and the delay of DNA synthetic time were observed in steroid groups. DNA synthetic pattern of sex chromosomes differs according to the step of cell cycle and DNA synthetic time is irregular because of double treatments with 5-AU and steroids.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.69 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate agronomic traits and classify phylogenetic characteristics of Korean wheat landraces (KWLs) collected in Gyeongnam province. We used the squash method for chromosome observation, image analysis to examine seed characteristics, and genotyping using commercial single-nucleotide polymorphism chips to construct a phylogenetic tree. All KWLs contained 42 chromosomes and two pairs of microsatellites as observed in Keumgang, a Korean wheat cultivar. All KWLs showed smaller seed traits compared with those of Keumgang, although KWL-3 had a larger embryo length than that of Keumgang. Among agronomic traits compared with those of Keumgang, all KWLs had a late heading date and ripening period except for KWL-3, which showed the smallest culm and spike length. KWL-1 had the lowest tiller, highest floret, and grain number. All KWLs showed a lower thousand grain weight than that of Keumgang because of their smaller seeds. In the variation of variety and area, the heading date, ripening period, tiller number, and floret number were affected by the cultivation area, whereas the culm length, spike length, and 1000 grain weight were affected by the variety. Correlation distribution analysis showed differences in agronomic traits according to the cultivation area, and the heading date was positively correlated with the culm length and floret number in three cultivation areas. Principal component analysis explained that the heading date had a positive relationship with the ripening period and floret number and a negative relationship with the tiller number. Principal component analysis also revealed that all KWLs had a lower thousand grain weight than that of Keumgang. Phylogenetic tree showed that KWL-1 was near KWL-3, while KWL-2 was near KWL-4. All KWLs were genetically near the Korean wheat cultivars milsung and saeol, whereas they were genetically far from the Korean wheat cultivars goso and olgrue.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 2008

Our precedent study has reported glass-PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) based biochip for the gene PCR (polymerase chain reaction). To prevent the contamination of bio sample, the once used biochip must not be used repeatedly. However, the fabrication cost of microheater and microsensor of the biochip was not cheap to use it as a disposable chip. This paper proposes new PCR-chip where the glass substrate integrated with the microheater and microsensor is detachable from the reaction chamber where the sample is injected. That makes it possible to reuse the glass substrate repeatedly. The performance of the proposed detachable PCR-chip was compared with that of the precedent monolithic PCR-chip. The results showed that the SRY (sex determining Y chromosome) gene PCR was successfully performed in the detachable chip compared with the monolithic chip. However, the more efforts to improve the efficiency of surface treatment of PDMS chip are needed to increase the possibility of applying the detachable chip to the detecting of male infertility.