• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.869-876
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• 2015

Wild relative species of domesticated crops are useful genetic resources for improving agronomic traits. Cytogenetic investigations based on chromosome composition provide insight into basic genetic and genomic characteristics of a species that can be exploited in a breeding program. Here, we used FISH analysis to characterize the ploidy level, chromosome constitution, and genomic distribution o f 5S and 4 5S r ibosomal DNA (rDNA) in four wild Cucurbitaceae species, namely, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. var. citroides L. H. Bailey (2n = 22), Melothria japonica Maxim. (2n = 22), Sicyos angulatus L. (2n = 24), and Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. (2n = 66, 88, 110 cytotypes), collected in different areas of Korea. All species were diploids, except for T. kirilowii, which included hexa-, octa-, and decaploid cytotypes (2n = 6x = 66, 8x = 88, and 10x = 110). All species have small metaphase chromosomes in the range of $2-5{\mu}m$. The 45S rDNA signals were localized distally compared to the 5S rDNA. C. lanatus var. citroides and M. japonica showed one and two loci of 45S and 5S rDNA, respectively, with co-localization of rDNA signals in one M. japonica chromosome. S. angulatus showed two co-localized signals of 5S and 45S rDNA loci. The hexaploid T. kirilowii cytotype showed five signals each for 45S and 5S rDNA, with three being co-localized. This is the first report of hexaploid and decaploid cytotypes in T. kirilowii. These results will be useful in future Cucurbitaceae breeding programs.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and effect of various cryopreservation method on the survival and the cytoskeletal stability of metaphase II mouse oocyte. Methods: Mouse ovulated oocytes were collected and cryopreserved by a modified slow-freezing method with 1.5 M 1, 2-propanediol (PrOH)+0.1 M sucrose or by vitrification using cryo loop and EM grid with 40% ethylene glycol+0.6 M sucrose. Four hours after thawing, intact oocytes were fixed and stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated monoclonal anti-$\beta$-tubulin antibody to visualize spindle and propidium iodide (PI) to visualize chromosome. Spindle morphology was classified as follows: normal (barrel-shaped), slightly and absolute abnormal (multipolar or absent). Results: Survival rate of the frozen-thawed oocytes in vitrification group was significantly higher than that of slow-freezing group (62.7% vs. 24.4%, p<0.01). Vitrification with cryo loop showed significantly higher survival rate than that with EM grid (67.7% vs. 53.5%, p<0.05). On the other hand, proportion of normal spindle and chromosome configurations of the frozen-thawed oocytes between two vitrification group was not significantly different. Conclusion: For mouse ovulated oocytes, vitrification with cryo loop may be a preferable procedure compared to slow-freezing method. Further study should be needed to investigate developmental competency of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.392-402
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• 1997

The morphological traits of different types of primary trisomics(2n=28＋1) in durum wheat, Triticum durum var. hordeiforme(2n=28 AABB) were compared with disomics (2n=28) through the examination of reciprocal gene action on the extra chromosomes. However it was not easy to distinguish morphologically the trisomies containing A genome from those containing B genome. These results suggested that the chromosomal location of the major genes for some morphological traits exists on homoeologous chromosome. It is important that these results revealed the homoeology and linkage groups of both A and B genomes in durum wheat. These primary trisomies will be valuable materials for the trisomic analysis and genetic mapping on the chromosome of both A and B genomes in durum wheat. Furthermore, it must be useful for the evolutionary study of Triticum durum(AABB) and Triticum squarrosa(DD) by way of the ancester species of Triticum aesitivum(AABBDD).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.446-451
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• 1997

A Giemsa C-banding method was used for the identification of somatic chromosomes and heterochromatic knob positions in Korean indigenous maize(Zea mays L.). Total of 10 inbred stocks were examined and their knob numbers ranged from 6 to 12. In comparison of homologous chromosomes of two stocks of Waesungri and PI 213749, arm ratios and relative length of chromosomes were different between genotypes. In comparison of arm ratios, all the homologous chromosomes except chromosome 2 were different each other. In comparison of relative length of chromosomes, that of chromosome 1 in Waesungri and PI213749 was 223.22 and 192.03 respectively. The relative length of homologous chromosomes in Waesungri were generally lager than those of PI213749. A C-banded diagram showing knob positions, arm ratios and relative length of chromosome could be used as a good tool to compare the characteristics of chromosomes of Korean indigenous maize stocks.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.1 no.1_2
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• pp.35-41
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• 1989

An examination of the karyotypes, DNA values and nuclear sizes of three scups was undertaken as part of the study of cytogenetical evolution of order Perciformes. The chromosome number 2n=48 was the same in all three species but the numbers of chromosome arm were not identical. The distribution of genome size and nuclear volumes among species was continuous ranging from 1.287 pg and $20.78\;{\mu}m^3$ for Pagrus major down to 1.237 pg and $20.56\;{\mu}m^3$ for Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Above results indicate the possible role of pericentric inversions in the karyotypic evolution of these species.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.8-19
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• 2017

Objective: A whole genome association study was conducted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with additive and dominant effects for growth and carcass traits in Korean native cattle, Hanwoo. Methods: The data set comprised 61 sires and their 486 Hanwoo steers that were born between spring of 2005 and fall of 2007. The steers were genotyped with the 35,968 SNPs that were embedded in the Illumina bovine SNP 50K beadchip and six growth and carcass quality traits were measured for the steers. A series of lack-of-fit tests between the models was applied to classify gene expression pattern as additive or dominant. Results: A total of 18 (0), 15 (3), 12 (8), 15 (18), 11 (7), and 21 (1) SNPs were detected at the 5% chromosome (genome) - wise level for weaning weight (WWT), yearling weight (YWT), carcass weight (CWT), backfat thickness (BFT), longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA) and marbling score, respectively. Among the significant 129 SNPs, 56 SNPs had additive effects, 20 SNPs dominance effects, and 53 SNPs both additive and dominance effects, suggesting that dominance inheritance mode be considered in genetic improvement for growth and carcass quality in Hanwoo. The significant SNPs were located at 33 quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions on 18 Bos Taurus chromosomes (i.e. BTA 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 26, 28, and 29) were detected. There is strong evidence that BTA14 is the key chromosome affecting CWT. Also, BTA20 is the key chromosome for almost all traits measured (WWT, YWT, LMA). Conclusion: The application of various additive and dominance SNP models enabled better characterization of SNP inheritance mode for growth and carcass quality traits in Hanwoo, and many of the detected SNPs or QTL had dominance effects, suggesting that dominance be considered for the whole-genome SNPs data and implementation of successive molecular breeding schemes in Hanwoo.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1863-1870
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• 2015

Fibrinolytic enzyme genes (aprE2, aprE176, and aprE179) were introduced into the Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosome without any antibiotic resistance gene. An integration vector, pDG1662, was used to deliver the genes into the amyE site of B. subtilis 168. Integrants, SJ3-5nc, SJ176nc, and SJ179nc, were obtained after two successive homologous recombinations. The integration of each fibrinolytic gene into the middle of the amyE site was confirmed by phenotypes (Amy-, Spec^S) and colony PCR results for these strains. The fibrinolytic activities of the integrants were higher than that of B. subtilis 168 by at least 3.2-fold when grown in LB broth. Cheonggukjang was prepared by inoculating each of B. subtilis 168, SJ3-5nc, SJ176nc, and SJ179nc, and the fibrinolytic activity of cheonggukjang was 4.6 ± 0.7, 10.8 ± 0.9, 7.0 ± 0.6, and 8.0 ± 0.2 (U/g of cheonggukjang), respectively at 72 h. These results showed that construction of B. subtilis strains with enhanced fibrinolytic activities is possible by integration of a strong fibrinolytic gene via a marker-free manner.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 1998

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can now be applied to detect the origin of extra or missing chromosomal material in cases with common unbalanced aberrations and in prenatal investigations. This method has been used in 13 cases of fetal samples for this study; 3 for amniocytes, 2 for cord blood and 8 for abortus tissues. These samples were previously subjected to GTG-banding. Our study showed aneuploidy in 8 cases, and partial monosomy, partial trisomy or marker chromosome in the remaining 5. The CGH disclosed further small genetic imbalances in 4 of all 13 cases: a prenatal sample showing del(20)(q13) by GTG confirmed a loss of the segment 20p13-pter by CGH; a marker chromosome manifested normal CGH profile; chromosome der(?)(?;15) found in an abortus sample by GTG turned out to be a loss of 15pter-q14 (partial monosomy) and a gain of 10pter-q22 (partial trisomy); the der(15) shown by GTG represented partial trisomy of 3q24-qter. These findings show that CGH is very useful and efficient for cytogenetic investigations of clinical cases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3793-3797
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• 2015

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder of pluripotent stem cells, caused by reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, t(9;22)(q34;q11), known as the Philadelphia chromosome. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 CML patients were recruited in this study. Complete blood counts of all CML patients were performed to find out their total leukocytes, hemoglobin and platelets. FISH was performed for the detection of BCR-ABL fusion and cryptogenic tests using bone marrow samples were performed for the conformation of Ph (9;22)(q34;q11) and variant translocation mechanisms. Results: In cytogenetic analysis we observed that out of 51 CML patients 40 (88.9%) were Ph positive and 4 (8.88%) had Ph negative chromosomes. Mean values of WBC 134.5 $10^3/{\mu}l$, hemoglobin 10.44 mg/dl, and platelets 288.6 $10^3/{\mu}l$ were observed in this study. Conclusions: In this study, Ph positive translocation between chromosome (9:22)(q34;q11) were observed in 40 (88.9%) CML patients.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1079-1085
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety of chitosan oligosaccharide and the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide on mercury induced genotoxicity in mice using the micronuclei and chromosome aberration. The micronuclei test was performed by microscopic examination $(\times1,000,\;stained\;using\;a\;May-Grunwald\;solution)$ after administering 0.01, 0.1, and $1\%(10\;mg/mL)$ chitosan oligosaccharide for 7, 60, and 180 days ad libitum in mice. Total micronuclei of 1,000 polychromatic erythrocytes were recorded for each group. There was no difference between the untreated and experimental groups. The intake periods and concentrations of chitosan oligosaccharide did not affect the occurrence of micronuclei in bone marrow cells (P>0.05). The chromosomal aberration test was performed by microscopic examination $({\times}1,000,\;stained\;using\;a\;4\%\;Giemsa\;solution)$ after administering the same concentration of chitosan oligosaccharide to mice, in $F_1,\;F_2,\;F_3$ generations and parents. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations was defined as [Ydr=(D+R)/total number of counted lymphocytes]. Similar to the micronuclei test, there was no difference between the untreated and treated groups. These results showed that the intake periods and concentrations of chitosan oligosaccharide did not affect chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells (P>0.05). To investigate the effect of chitosan oligosaccharide on mercury-induced chromosome aberration, mice in each condition were supplied with $^{203}HgCl_2$ and chitosan oligosaccharide ad libitum. Chitosan oligosaccharide significantly inhibited $^{203}HgCl_2-induced$ chromosome aberration in mice. Based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that the chitosan oligosaccharide is a nontoxic material that could be used as a suppressor of heavy metal-induced genotoxicity.