• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2016

This study is aimed to increase the possibility of using the Christopher Alexander's pattern language. The methodology of this study is (i) to analyze the pattern language by using the network analysis tool in order to understand the complicate network structure of the pattern language, and (ii) to apply the Alexander's method of using the pattern language by using the network analysis tool (Gephi) and to examine the feasibility of the network analysis tool as a tool for using the pattern language. Firstly, as a result of analysing the pattern language, (i) the pattern language classified by pattern number is distinguished by the patterns of towns, buildings and construction, among which the pattern of buildings plays a key function in the networks; (ii) the buildings functions a medium connecting between the towns and the construction; and (iii) the pattern language is divided into 6 sub-modules, through which the user can select a pattern. Secondly, the result of using the network analysis tool as a tool for using the pattern language (i) suggests the new method of using the pattern language by using the network analysis tool (Gephi); (ii) makes it possible to easily figure out the characteristics of the links between the patterns; and (iii) increases the completeness of the pattern language by making it easy to find out the sub-patterns in selecting a pattern.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2017

This study reviews the process of creating the patterns through the Christopher Alexander's books to discover the fundamental rules for creation of the pattern language. The essential ideas of 11 rules describing the characteristics of the pattern language are organized by keyword depending on the characteristics of each rule. Then, this study analyzes which keyword was applied importantly and how it had been developed chronologically in the Alexander's books. As a result, 5 keywords - reflection of cultural difference, reflection of human desires, solving the repeated problem, function suitable for principal purpose, and network structure - are applied to his early books in which the pattern language was theoretically developed, the pattern of traditional society was discovered and the network structure was developed. Another 5 keywords - user participation method, new problem solving, structure preserving transformation, post-mechanization method, and central invariant structure - are applied to the books in his mid-term after completion of the pattern theory which discover new pattern for contemporary society and apply the pattern language to time and space. In his later books which organize the theory of pattern language and suggest the direction for using the pattern language, 5 keywords - wholeness, post-mechanization method, user participation method, new problem solving, and structure preserving transformation - are applied. Users may use the pattern language more precisely if he/she considers the keywords of the early period in searching the patterns of existing environment, the keywords of the intermediate period in searching the patterns of new environment or in regard to time and space, and the keywords of the later period in considering direction of the application of the pattern language.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2015

Apartment is characterized by its various households occupying a unit each in the same building, and its shared space is important in that it supports the living, exchange of information and communication between neighbors, thereby creating a sense of community. This study focused on coming up with designs to vitalize the shared space in the apartment, and to do that, Christopher Alexander's pattern language was applied to analyze the patterns found in the apartment shared space, find improvements and propose the design methods that reflect the unique characteristics of designs in Korea. The study is mainly based on literary review and field research. (1) The definition and composition of shared space and Christopher Alexander's pattern language are examined; (2) The field research is performed to analyze the patterns in the shared space of the apartments that have been planned recently in order to find the problems and elements that can be improved; and The above is reflected and proposed as a design method. The study will help rediscover the significance of space by proposing the methodology for shared space design, encouraging the use of shared space and contributing to the enhancement of community.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제28호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2001

Built-up environments by humans are cultural byproducts which combine social ideology and architectural paradigm. The process of modernization in the Western countries has the characteristic of decisive paradgm based on materialism. Therefore, environmental design in modern world failed to focus on the essential features of humanity which are the subject of space and replaced it for objective and unilateral architectural environments, instead. Environment without supporting the human psychological and complicated behaviorism is as same as the hardware without the vitality. under these regards, this study will cover the design approach of pattern language as a design method of environment design. The purpose of design approach by pattern language lies in creating the space of flexibility, adaptability and strong vitality. It is summed up as humanization in space and it helps the user to verbalize individualized space language for their own. The range and method of in the study attribute to the pattern language of Christopher Alexander and a researcher' method on them. In premise that human behavior ought to the multilateral and indefinite under rapid change of circumstances in modern world, th study tried to find the design method stimulating creative behavior of human being.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.65-86
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• 2003

After 1960s, a radical change was taken place in the modern urban theories which were developped by many architects and planners like Ebenezer Howard, Tony Garnier, Le Corbusier, Ludwig Hiberseimer, and Patrick Abercrombie. Many contemporary architects like Kevin Lynch, Aldo Rossi, Christopher Alexander, Colin Rowe, Rem Koolhaas, and Bernard Tschumi have a view that modern urban theories lost their abilities to organize and control new realities so that new urban theories was needed in order to cope with urban problems in the 1960s. In this study, we are to examine contemporary urban theories in comparison with modern urban theories and to clarify the role of discourse of language in its emergence. In consequence we can detect four main themes in the process of transformation from modern urban theories to contemporary urban theories : from functionalism to formalism, from historicism to archeology, from space to placeness, and from hierarchical organization to network. And we can prove that such themes basically depend on the discourse of language.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2018

To complete the appropriate pattern language as a planning tool for suburban houses in Korea, this study reviews the characteristics in applying the pattern language to suburban houses in Korea by creating the pattern application examination chart regarding 110 patterns in architecture and evaluating and analyzing 24 examples in terms of the applicability of the patterns, the results of which are as set forth below. Firstly, when grouping the upper 31 patterns by similar characteristics, it was distinguished by the characteristics relating to (i) securing of lighting and viewing; (ii) placing of buildings and space and adjustment of inside and outside privacy through such placing; (iii) placing of proper motion line and functions of adjacent space according to such motion line; and (iv) determining of important space such as personal room, area for couple or children, staircase, entrance, hallway, etc. Secondly, when analyzing the reasons that the lower 41 patterns have not been applied, it was characterized by (i) the work space not suitable for suburban houses or the patterns suitable for commercial space; (ii) the patterns not suitable in Korea due to cultural differences; and (iii) the patterns whose applicability cannot be confirmed due to the limitation of examples and materials used in this study. Thirdly, the analysis of each pattern group (A through M) revealed that the pattern groups D and G are rarely related to suburban houses and J and M are patterns whose applicability cannot be determined in this study. Another characteristics is that the pattern groups B, E, F, I and L which obtain high scores in applicability are importantly reflected in planning for suburban houses in Korea. Fourthly, this study renders the average score of applicability, and the applicability rate, of the examples and confirms the number of the patterns applied in confirmity, patterns partially or potentially applied and patterns not applied at all.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2016

From the year 2000 on, Seoul has aimed to be a fashion city, and thus has been supporting young designers through Seoul Fashion Creative Studio, Generation Next, Le Dome, Concept Korea, etc. London is famous for nurturing young designers through the joint help of government, schools and industries: Alexander McQueen, Christopher Kane and Peter Pilotto are successful cases. Therefore, this research aims to suggest a direction for policies aimed at helping young designers in the international market, on the basis of London's nurturing programs and ideas from a literature review and case studies. The results are below. Firstly, a step-by-step supporting program is recommended. Secondly, long-lasting, sustainable programs are considered essential to support designers after the end of their contracts. Thirdly, practical assistance is preferred to monetary funding in order to lighten the designers' lot and in the interests of transparency. The mentoring service should be strengthened for the designers to eventually become independent. The support should be tailor-made according to items. Fourthly, the supporting programs should be promoted. Fifthly, government and industries should collaborate. Sixthly, 'de minimis' against overlapped support should be legislated. For these, the change of supporting method can be helpful; an independent administrative organisation plans and collects funds from governments and companies. Through these programs and any subsequent studies, Seoul could become a fashion city where young designers play active roles at a global level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10251-10254
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• 2015

Uterine cancer is the most common invasive gynaecological cancer in Australia. Early detection is a key predictive factor achieved by increasing public awareness and participation in screening. This observational study measures awareness of gynaecological malignancies, particularly uterine, among women in two rural areas of New South Wales, Australia. Patients presenting to gynaecology clinics in January to March 2014 were invited to complete a structured questionnaire. Women with a history of cancer and incomplete questionnaires were excluded. Of the 382 patients invited to participate, 329 (86%) responded with complete feedback. Most respondents were younger than than 50 years (66%) and married with at least 2 children (74%). The majority (94%) of participants had no awareness of uterine cancer and many (46%) were unable to identify common risk factors including obesity, diabetes and hypertension. The ability to identify risk factors was correlated to age, marital status and obesity. The study identifies poor awareness on uterine malignancies in two typical areas of rural Australia. Although external validity is limited by sociological factors, poor awareness of uterine cancer among rural patients in this study represents a valid public health concern. It is imperative to improve awareness of uterine cancer and available screening programs to facilitate early detection and cure.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.242-249
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• 2020

Background The Exoscope is a novel high-definition digital camera system. There is limited evidence signifying the use of exoscopic devices in microsurgery. This trial objectively assesses the effects of the use of the Exoscope as an alternative to the standard operating microscope (OM) on the performance of experts in a simulated microvascular anastomosis. Methods Modus V Exoscope and OM were used by expert microsurgeons to perform standardized tasks. Hand-motion analyzer measured the total pathlength (TP), total movements (TM), total time (TT), and quality of end-product anastomosis. A clinical margin of TT was performed to prove non-inferiority. An expert performed consecutive microvascular anastomoses to provide the exoscopic learning curve until reached plateau in TT. Results Ten micro sutures and 10 anastomoses were performed. Analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in performing micro sutures for TP, TM, and TT. There was statistical significance in TM and TT, however, marginal non-significant difference in TP regarding microvascular anastomoses performance. The intimal suture line analysis demonstrated no statistically significant differences. Non-inferiority results based on clinical inferiority margin (Δ) of TT=10 minutes demonstrated an absolute difference of 0.07 minutes between OM and Exoscope cohorts. A 51%, 58%, and 46% improvement or reduction was achieved in TT, TM, TP, respectively, during the exoscopic microvascular anastomosis learning curve. Conclusions This study demonstrated that experts' Exoscope anastomoses appear non-inferior to the OM anastomoses. Exoscopic microvascular anastomosis was more time consuming but end-product (patency) in not clinically inferior. Experts' "warm-up" learning curve is steep but swift and may prove to reach clinical equality.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.5608-5618
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• 2015

본 논문은 크리스토퍼 알렉산더의 패턴 랭귀지를 이용하여 공공공간의 공간적 특성 분석을 실시하였다. 도시는 인간의 다양한 경험을 제공하는 장소이다. 도시의 공공공간은 역사를 통해 공공생활 번영에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 그것은 한 도시 속 사람들과의 관계 속에서 소통, 문화행사, 상업 등을 위한 장소로 이루어졌다. 그러나 오늘날, 공공장소 및 공공생활의 다양한 활동은 감소되었다. 그 이유 중 하나는 도시의 장소가 계획되고 관리될 때 사용자의 요구를 무시했기 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문은 문헌 조사를 통해 공공공간의 역할과 유형을 정리하고 패턴 언어의 특징을 살펴보았다. 또한 공공공간의 공간적 특성을 제시하고 전문가그룹인터뷰(FGI : Focus Group Interview)를 통하여 적정한 패턴 언어를 분류하였다. 이를 통하여 서울 도심의 공공공간의 공간적 패턴을 알아보기 위하여 사례대상지를 종로구 기본계획에 기초하여 선정 후 분석하였다. 본 논문은 공공공간의 적합한 공간 구조의 특성 및 방향성을 제시하고 패턴 언어의 적용가능성을 살펴 보다 풍부한 도시공간을 조성하고자 한다.