• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2009

Objective : To evaluate the anatomical parameters that must be considered when performing thoracic transpedicular or extrapedicular screw fixation. Methods : We selected 958 vertebrae (1,916 pedicles) from 98 patients for analysis. Eight parameters were measured from CT scans : the transverse outer pedicular diameter, transverse inner pedicular diameter, length, angle, chord length of the pedicles and the transverse width, angle, and chord length of the pedicle-rib units. Results : The age of the patients ranged from 21 to 82 years (mean: 48.2 years) and there were 57 men and 41 women. The narrowest transverse outer pedicular diameter was at T5 (4.4 mm). The narrowest pedicle length was at T1 (15.9 mm). For pedicle angle, T1 was 31.6 degrees, which was the most convergent angle, and it showed the tendency of the lower the level, the lesser the convergent angle. The chord length showed a horizontal pattern with similar values at all levels. For the PRU width, T5 showed a similar pattern to the pedicle width at 13.4 mm. For the PRU angle, T1 was the largest angle at 46.2 degrees and the tendency was the lower the level. the narrower the angle. For chord length, T1 was the shortest at 46.9 mm and T8 was the longest at 60.1 mm. Conclusion : When transpedicular screw fixations carried out at the mid-thoracic level, special care must be taken because there is a high chance of danger of medial wall violation. In these circumstances, extrapedicular screw fixation may be considered as an alternative treatment.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2013

유비쿼터스 분야에서는 다양한 형태의 P2P 시스템을 분산환경을 위하여 연구하고 있다. 분산해쉬테이블(DHT)기반의 P2P 시스템은 부하조절을 통한 효율적 기법으로 제시되고 있는 반면 이동성과 근거리 기반의 자원 활용을 보장하지는 못하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 극복하기 위하여 이동상황에서의 근거리 기반 P2P 시스템 (MLH-Net)을 제안한다. 이는 이동성에 기반하여 두 개의 계층으로 이루어져 있다. 상위 계층의 경우 super node를 통한 전체적인 관리를 담당하며, 하위 계층의 경우 일반 노드의 망으로 구성되어 있다. 제시하는 방법을 종래의 JXTA 및 Chord 와 비교 실험 한 결과 node의 발견 시 메시지 이동 hop은 JXTA 대비 13% 및 Chord 대비 69% 감소되었으며, 네트워크 거리의 경우도 각각 17% 및 83% 감소되는 효과를 확인 하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2005

적응 분할 알고리즘은 국부 비 균질 영상에서 효율적인 표적 탐지를 위해 사용된다. 지금까지 영상 분할에 여러 가지 적응방법이 제안되었다. 하지만 이들 알고리즘이 레이다 표적 탐지에 바로 적용하기는 어려운데 이는, 레이다 자체 신호 특성 때문이다. 일반적으로 레이다 표적은 배경신호에 비해 상대적으로 적은 도수 함수를 갖고 있으며, 배경 분포는 외부환경에 따라 다양한 형태를 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 도수함수의 최대 값에서 우측 하향 직선인 히스토그램 현을 이용한 적응 표적분할 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 방식은 임계값 탐색에 사용되는 적용 현이 외부환경조건에 영향을 적게 받음으로 인해 다양한 레이다 환경에 최적인 임계 값을 선택한다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안한 알고리즘이 기존 표적분할알고리즘인 전역 임계 값 방법 및 분포 중앙값 추정방식에 비해 탐지성능측면에서 우수함을 보였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2012

P2P 시스템은 시스템에 참여하는 노드들의 자원을 공유하는 분산 시스템으로 여기에 참여하는 노드들은 서버와 클라이언트의 역할을 모두 수행한다. 현재 분산 해쉬 테이블(Distributed Hash Table)을 기반으로 한 체계적이고 구조화된 P2P 시스템들인 Chord, Pastry, Tapestry 등이 제안되었으나 이 시스템들은 성능 효율이 log으로 제한되어 있다. 이러한 제한된 성능 효율을 개선하기 위해본 논문에서는그룹 단위의 라우팅 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 node-to-group 라우팅 알고리즘으로 원형 주소 공간을 그룹으로 나누고 각 그룹을 대표하는 포인터(Pointer)라는 개념을 사용하여, 포인터를 기반으로 라우팅이 이루어지는 알고리즘이다. 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위해 P2P 시스템의 대표적인 알고리즘인 chord와 라우팅을 위한 평균 홉 수, 라우팅 테이블 크기, 전송 지연에 관해 비교 분석 하였으며, 결과적으로 비교 항목에 대해 성능이 향상되었음을 실험을 통해 확인 하였다.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2005년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.32 No.2 (1)
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• pp.472-474
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• 2005

최근에 P2P(Peer-to-Peer) 시스템에서 효율적인 자원 탐색 방법에 대해 많이 연구되고 있다. 대부분의 P2P 시스템은 overlay network를 형성하므로 노드와 노드 사이의 물리적인 거리를 고려하지 않는다. 그래서 서로 이웃한 노드라도 실제 물리적인 latency가 클 수 있다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위해 Topology를 고려한 계층적 시스템을 설계하였다. 이 시스템을 TB-Chord(Topology-based Chord)라 부른다. TB-Chord는 자신의 subnet에 Global network에 있는 데이터의 사본(Replica)을 저장하기 때문에 저장 공간(Storage)의 낭비와 노드가 떠날(leave) 때 데이터의 이동에 따른 네트워크 부하가 생기는 문제가 있다. 이 논문은 효율적인 복제 기법을 이용하여 저장공간과 네트워크의 효율성을 높이고 노드 fail에 대한 rejoin 메카니즘을 사용하여 효율적으로 시스템을 회복하는 방법을 제안한다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.441-450
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• 2017

The objective of this work is to present a conceptual design and the modelling of a distributed sensor system based on fiber optic devices (Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG), aimed at measuring span-wise and chord-wise variations of an adaptive (morphing) trailing edge. The network is made of two different integrated solutions for revealing deformations of the reference morphing structure. Strains are confined to typical values along the span (length) but they are expected to overcome standard ranges along the chord (width), up to almost 10%. In this case, suitable architectures may introduce proper modulations to keep the measured deformation low while preserving the information content. In the current paper, the designed monitoring system combines the use of a span-wise fiber reinforced patch with a chord-wise sliding beam. The two elements make up a closed grid, allowing the reconstruction of the complete deformed shape under the acceptable assumption that the transformation refers to regular geometry variations. Herein, the design logic and some integration issues are reported. Preliminary experimental test results are finally presented.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.327-345
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• 2016

Many experimental and analytical studies have been conducted with beam-column subassemblages composed of a two-span beam to investigate the progressive collapse resistance of RC frames. Most study results reveal a strength-decreased transition phase in the nonlinear static load-deflection curve, which may induce dynamic snap-through response and increase the chord rotation demand for effective catenary action (ECA). In this study, the nonlinear static response is idealized as a piecewise linear curve and analytical pseudo-static response is derived for each linearized region to investigate the rotation demands for the ECA of the two-span RC beams. With analytical parameters determined from several published test results, numerical analysis results indicate that the rotation demand of 0.20 rad recommended in the design guidelines does not always guarantee the ECA. A higher rotation demand may be induced for the two-span beams designed with smaller span-to-depth ratios and it is better to use their peak arch resistance (PAR) as the collapse strength. A tensile reinforcement ratio not greater than 1.0% and a span-to-depth ratio not less than 7.0 are suggested for the two-span RC beams bridging the removed column if the ECA is expected for the collapse resistance. Also, complementary pseudo-static analysis is advised to verify the ECA under realistic dynamic column loss even though the static PAR is recovered in the nonlinear static response. A practical empirical formula is provided to estimate an approximate rotation demand for the ECA.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.568-572
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• 2000

A numerical investigation was performed to determine the effect of airfoil thickness on the optimum Gurney flap height using NACA 00XX series airfoils. Seven airfoils which have 3% chord thickness difference were used. These were NACA 0006, 0009, 0012, 0015, 0018, 0021, and 0024. A Navier-Stokes code, FLUENT, was used to calculate the flow field about airfoil. The fully turbulent results were obtained using the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ two-equation turbulence model. To provide a check case fur our computational method, numerical studies for NACA 4412 airfoil were made and compared with already existing experimental data for this airfoil by Wadcock. For every NACA 00XX airfoil, Gurney flap heights ranging from 0.5% to 2.0% chord were changed by 0.5% chord interval and their effects were studied. With the numerical solutions, the relationship between $(L/D)_{max}$ and airfoil thickness as a function of flap height and the relationship between $(L/D)_{max}$ and flap height as a function of airfoil thickness were investigated. The same relationship for $(C_l)_{max}$ also were shown. From these results, the optimum flap size for each airfoil thickness can be determined and vice versa.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호통권29호
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• pp.3-17
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally and theoretically the strength and deformation of K-joints in welded Warren-type square hollow structural section truss. There are 2 types in K-joints in K-joints having one compression bracing member and one tension bracing member. One type is KP-series that brae members are rotated to $45^{\circ}$, another type is KS-series that are not rotated. Principal parameters are the ratio of the chord width to thickness (D/T=33.3, 25, 16.7), the ratio of brace width to chord width(d/D=0.4, 0.5, 0.67, 0.83, 1.0) and the ratio of eccenticity to chord height (e/D=0.25, 0.125, 0, -0.125, -0.25, -0.375, -0.5). The important results obtained from the experiments are as follow ; The strength of K-joints increase proportionally as the D/T ratio decreases, and the d/D ratio increases. But the e/D ratio has no correlation with the strength of K-joints. Generally the strength and ductility ratio of KP-series increase more than a current type(KS-series) in full ${\beta}$range.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.546-558
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• 2015

Chord length sampling method in Monte Carlo simulations is a method used to model spherical particles with random sampling technique in a stochastic media. It has received attention due to the high calculation efficiency as well as user convenience; however, a technical issue regarding boundary effect has been noted. In this study, after analyzing the distribution characteristics of spherical particles using an explicit method, an alternative chord length sampling method is proposed. In addition, for modeling in finite media, a correction method of the boundary effect is proposed. Using the proposed method, sample probability distributions and relative errors were estimated and compared with those calculated by the explicit method. The results show that the reconstruction ability and modeling accuracy of the particle probability distribution with the proposed method were considerably high. Also, from the local packing fraction results, the proposed method can successfully solve the boundary effect problem. It is expected that the proposed method can contribute to the increasing of the modeling accuracy in stochastic media.