To investigate the changes of physicochemical properties of leaf tobacco during storage, cured leaves (both flue-cured(KF109) and burley(Burley 21) : 4 grades of leaves) were stored under the natural warehouse condition(room temperature) and processed leaves(both Rue-cured(NC82) and burly(Burley 21) : 6 grades of leaves) were stored at storerooms in tobacco processing plants(flue-cured Cheongju plant ; 2nd, 4th and 5th floor, burley : Kwangju plant ; 2nd floor, Chonju plant : 3rd and 5th floor). Tobacco leaves were sampled and analyzed every 3 months. Total sugar content of flue-cured leaf decreased slightly and the redness degree of leaf increased after 15 months' storage under the natural warehouse conditions. The pH of cured leaves were lowered both flue-cured and burley, and the decreasing rate of pH was large in flue-cured(0.24) as compared with burley(0.14). There was no significant differences of physicochemical properties of processed leaf among storerooms during 15 months' storage. The decreasing rate of processed leaf pH was somewhat large in flue-cured(0.26) as compared with burly (0.20), and in thick leaves as compared with thin leaves. The redness degree of flue-cured leaf increased slightly, while the degree of lightness and yellowness lowered slightly during storage. The lightness degree of burley leaf lowered slightly, too. The ageing process of cured leaf was similar to that of processed leaf, it is considered that the passing days after curing will be more reasonable than the passing days after processing for the establishment of proper ageing period.
Seel David J.;Oh Sung-Soo;Park Yoon-Kyu;Chung Dong-Kyu
Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
/
v.2
no.1
/
pp.61-66
/
1986
Three cases of hyperparathyroidism are presented from our experience at Presbyterian Medical Center in Chonju in the hope that this will alert us all to the variegated patterns of clinical presentation. In the first case the principal symptom was muscular weakness. In the second a bone cyst (which was part of the syndrome of osteitis fibrosa cystica); and in the third case rib cage tenderness, backache, and persistent epigastric pain. All three had adenomas, but in Case 2 the adenomas were multiple. All three responded to surgical resection and remain well.
The purpose of this study is to investigate dietary pattern and health status related to food habit and degree of fatigue of evening college students. A sample of 476 evening college students in Chonbuk area were surveyed by questionaire examining their food habit, nutrient intakes, degree of fatigue and cornell Medical Index(CMI). In this study, the male and female students were classified into two groups, respectively, the first group is not having jobs and the second is having jobs. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Evaluation status of food habit score indicated that the subjects were included in Fair and Poor group generally. Food habit score of female was significantly higher than score of male. For female students, food habit score of job group was significantly higher than score of non-job group(p<0.05). 2. Average intakes of calorie and protein were 1869.1 kcal and 68.3 g in male and 1612.4 kcal and 58.3 g in female. Other nutrients, such as vitamin $B_1$(1.1 mg), vitamin $B_2$(1.2 mg) and ascorbic acid(41.0 mg) in male, iron(13.5 mg), vitamin $B_2$(1.1 mg) and ascorbic acid(46.5 mg) in female were lower than the korean RDA. 3. The means of degree of physical, mental, neurosensory and CMI scores were 3.1, 1.9, 1.5 and 4.7 in male and 4.0, 2.4, 2.4 and 7.1 in female, respectively. For female students, though significancy was found between job group and non-job group in physical, neurosensory fatigue and CMI score(p<0.05, 0.01), but there were not significant differences in these score for male students. 4. There were significant positive correlation between three types of fatigue and CMI, whereas score of food habit was negative correlation for degree of physical, mental fatigue and CMI. The intakes of protein and vitamin $B_1$ were significantly related to the mental, neurosensory fatigue and CMI.
Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
/
v.14
no.1
/
pp.85-102
/
1994
The purpose of this study was to analyze students' physics problem solving processes and to find the patterns of their problem spaces when high school and university students solved the physics problems. A total of 51 students in a high school and in two universities participated in this study. Their thinking processes in solving 5 physics problems on electric circuit were recorded by using 'thinking aloud' method and were transferal into protocols. 'The protocols were analyzed by the coding system of problem solving process. One of the major theoretical contributions of the computer simulation approach to problem solving is the idea of problem space. Such a concept of problem space was applied to physics problems on electric circuit in this study, and students' protocols were analyzed by the basic problem spaces which were made up from the item analysis by the researcher. The results are as follows: 1) On the average 4.0 test items among 5 ones were solved successfully by all subjects, and all of the items were solved correctly by only 19 persons among all of them. 2) In regard to the general steps of problem solving process, there was little difference for each item between the good solvers and the poor ones. But according to the degree of difficulty of task there was a good deal of difference. For a complex problem all of 4 steps were used by most of students, but for a simple one only 3 steps except evaluating step were used by most of them. 3) It was found in this study that most of students used mainly the microscopic approach, that is, a method of applying Ohm's law on electric circuit simply and immediately, not using the properties of electric circuits. And also it was observed that most of students used the soloing tom below, that is, a solving path in which they were the first to calculate physical Quantities of circuit elements, before they caught hold of the meaning of the given problem regardless of the degree of difficulty.
Ji, Min-Young;Lee, Young-Choon;Do, Su-Il;Nam, Sang-Yun;Jung, Kyu-Yong;Kim, Hyoung-Min;Park, Jong-Kun;Choo, Young-Kug
Archives of Pharmacal Research
/
v.23
no.5
/
pp.525-530
/
2000
mST3GaIV synthesizes ganglioside GM3, the precursor for simple and complex a- and b- series gangliosides, and the expression and regulation of mST3GaIV (CMP-NeuAc: lactosylceramide $\alpha$2,3-sialyltransferase) activity is central to the production of almost all gangliosides, a class of glycosphingolipids implicated in variety of cellular processes such as transmembrane signaling, synaptic transmission, specialized membrane domain formation and cell-cell interactions. To understand the developmental expression of mST3GaIV in mice, we investigated the spatial and temporal expression of mST3GaIV mRNA during the mouse embryogenesis [embryonic (E) days; 19, E11, E13, E15] by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes. All tissues from 19 and E11 were positive for mST3GaIV mRNA. On E13, mST3GaIV mRNA was expressed in various neural and non-neural tissues. In contrast to these, on E15, the telencephalon and liver produced a strong expression of mST3GaIV which was a quite similar to that of E13. In this stage, mST3GaIV mRNA was also expressed in some non-neural tissues. These data indicate that mST3GaIV is differently expressed at developmental stages of embryo, and this may be importantly related with regulation of organogenesis in mice.
The purpose of this study was to develop a behavior rating scale for the evaluation of children's development for utilization by preschool teachers. The procedures for the study included content validation, pilot test, and main study. A total of 97 items were retained after the content validation and pilot test. The items of the scale were grouped into five areas (physical, language, cognitive, emotional, and social development) and 11 sub-areas. The resulting "Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children" was administered to 479 boys and girls, 3-6 through 6-5 years of age, selected from 10 different kindergartens and early education centers in Seoul, Pusan, and Chonju. The analysis of data was done with SPSS computer programs, including item analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for reliability, factor analysis to test construct validity, two-way ANOVA to test age and sex differences, and percentile norms. The 97 items of the scale were found to be satisfactory in terms of item discrimination with indices ranging from .31 to .73. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .98 for the total scale and ranged from .87 to .93 in specific domains, which was considered satisfactory. The factors extracted from each area were consistent with the educational objectives of the Yonsei Open Education Program except for emotional development. The intercorrelations among the domains were relatively high, ranging from .56 to .81. Age differences were significant in cognitive, physical, and language development, but not significant in social and emotional development. Sex differences were significant in all areas with girls higher on the average than the boys. Percentile ranks were drived from the total score for each age group and quartiles were calculated for sub-scores in each domain.
The developmental process of Paracolopha morrisoni's galls on Zelkova serrata until the emergence of alatae from the galls was studied at Chonju, Korea. The galls were formed from late April to early May, 1997 and the galls began to open in early June. The length and width of galls and leaves were measured during the period from gall formation to opening. The length and width of galls have been increased until mid May continuously. The galls stopped growing at 12th of May. Fundatrices (the first generation in the gall) began to larviposit from May 15th and the second generation developed in late May. The alatae of the second generation arrived at the final stadium, that was escaped from the gall, in early June. Thus, there were only 2 generations in the gall. The close correlationship between gall growth and leaf growth suggests that leaf growth force may have a great influence on gall development.
The effect of forest fire on soil microarthropod fauna was investigated in the Inhoo Park, located at Deokjin-gu, Chonju city, where fire burned about 2 hectares on April 5, 1994. Vegetation of the area was covered with mixed forest such as 20 to 30 year old black locust, alder, and pine gree, etc., and also rich in understory plants, dead leaves, twigs, etc. The soil samples were taken from burnt soil and near-by control site on April 10, June 6 and Oct. 22 in 1994, and June 26, 1995. Soil microarthropods were extracted using Tullgren apparatus for 72 hours. Soil microarthropods collected in this experiment were 8, 013 at control and 3, 805 at the burnt site making a total of 11, 818 from 5 classes. Therefore, appearance of microarthropods was reduced to 52.5% at burnt site. Dominant animal groups were Acari (45%) and collembola (46%). The reduced rate of soil animal density by fire damage was 52.5% of the total soil microarthropods accounting 36% in Acari and 70% in collembola. The reduction of soil animal density by fire was 65.3% by habitat destruction and 51.7% by diret shock from fire heat. In Collembola, 89% was reduced by habitat destruction. Oribatid mites collected at sample plots included 29 families, 47 genera and 58 species. Forty-two species at burnt site and 47 species at unburnt site were identified, of these 32 being common species at both sites. The density ratio of soil animals at the burnt sites and those at unburnt sites was 38.6% va 61.4% resulting in 37% reduction due to fire. The dominant species with more than 5% in relative density were Trichogalumna nipponica (7.3%) and Eremobelba japonica (5.8%) at unburnt site, shereas 5 species including Eohypochthonius crassisetiger (8.5%) at the burnt site. The number of these species were 32.1% of total number. MGP analysis based on the number of oribatid mites indicated GP type at both unburnt and burnt sites, revealing domination of the P group in oribatid mites.
A taxonomic study of the family Macrouridae was conducted using fish collections deposited in the Department of Biology, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Korea and the East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Korea. Among these collections were specimens of four species belonging to the genera Coryphaenoides and Coelorinchus: Coryphaenoides marginatus, C. microps, Coelorinchus (Abyssicola) macrochir, and C. formosanus. These specimens represent the first records of the species from Korean waters and from the East Sea (Japan Sea). Only four species (Coelorinchus longissimus, C. multispinulosus, C. japonicus, and C. parallelus) had previously been recorded from the East Sea. The Korean names "Keun-nun-gin-ga-si-min-te" (for Coryphaenoides marginatus), "Jak-eun-nun-gin-ga-si-min-te" (for C. microps), "Gin-pal-kko-ri-min-te" (for Coelorinchus macrochir), and "Ta-i-wan-kko-ri-min-te" (for Coelorinchus formosanus) are herein given to these species.
Park, Gug-Seoun;Kim, Jae-Hyun;Chung, Bong-Nam;Kim, Hyun-Ran;Park, Yong-Mun
The Plant Pathology Journal
/
v.17
no.2
/
pp.106-109
/
2001
A multi-rapid immunofilter paper assay (multi-RIPA) system was prepared for simultaneous diagnosis of three Tobamoviruses, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), and Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) in cucurbitaceous crops. Each of these viruses was specifically detected by the multi-RIPA from cucumber, watermelon, zucchini, and bottle gourd inoculated with the three Tobamoviruses singly or in combination. The three viruses could infect cucumber, watermelon, and bottle gourd ; however, CGMMV could not infect zucchini as the latex-coated CGMMV antibody showed a negative reaction in the multi-RIPA of the virus-infected plant extract. When the minimum detection level of multi-RIPA was compared with that of double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) using CGMMV, the latter was 10 times more sensitive than the former. The detection limit of the multi-RIPA for the purified CGMMV was 50 ng/ml. In a survey of the threeviruses in cucurbits growing in commercial fields in 1999 and 2000, CGMMV was detected in watermelon and cucumber, and ZGMMV was detected only in zucchini growing in plastic houses at the suburbs of Chonju, Korea. However, KGMMV was not found in the commercially growing cucurbit crops in our study, The results suggest that the multi-RIPA can be a simple, rapid, specific and convenient tool to detect simultaneously the Tobamoviruses.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.