• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2010

Purpose: To investigate the rater reliability of a Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) for children with cerebral palsy, and to investigate possible differences among raters according to their clinical work experience and testing experience. Methods: Study participants included 18 children with spastic cerebral palsy who could walk. They were instructed by pediatric physical therapists, two of whom had ten years of clinical work experience and two who had less than one year of experience. The children's ability to achieve physical balance was videotaped for PBS items. The raters watched the tapes and evaluated each child twice. Rater reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Differences between experienced and novice raters were analyzed using a paired t-test. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05. Results: The total PBS scores averaged 45.78~48.00 and 45.72~47.67 for first and second tests. Intra-rater reliability was very high (ICC=0.89~0.99), and the repeated measurement coincidence was high (p>0.05). Inter-rater reliability was high (ICC=0.83~0.84), but there was a bit of a difference in the coincidence (p<0.05). The experienced raters' reliability and coincidence were higher than those of the novices, and there were differences in reliance and coincidence between experienced and novice raters (p<0.05). Conclusion: Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability is very high. However, rater reliability showed defferences depending on clinical work experience and testing experience. When testing pediatric patients with the PBS, the rater's clinical experience and test experience may affect the test results.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2003

난태생 어류인 성숙한 Xiphophorus maculatus의 정소를 적출하여 정자형성과정과 정자의 미세구조를 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 정자형성과정은 정소낭(testicular cyst)에서 이루어지며, 각 정소낭 내에 동일한 분화시기의 생식세포가 분포하고 있었다. 정원세포는 타원형으로 핵 내에 뚜렷한 인을 보유하고 있었고 세포질에는 미토콘드리아의 발달이 현저하였다. 제1정모세포는 원형으로 정원세포보다 크기가 작았고 인은 발달되어 있지 않았으며, 제2정모세포는 제1정모세포보다 더 작아졌고 핵의 전자밀도는 더 높았다. 정세포의 초기발달시기에는 세포의 크기가 정모세포보다 작았고 염색질의 응축은 핵막 쪽에서 뚜렷하여 전자밀도가 높았으며 편모가 형성되기 시작하였고 미토콘드리아는 핵 주변에 분포하였다. 정자완성과정 중기에는 핵의 염색질 응축이 뚜렷하였으며 핵은 세포질 한쪽에 치우쳐 있었고, 미토콘드리아는 편모 주변에 집중되었으며 핵은 구형을 이루고 있었다. 완전히 성숙한 정자의 두부형태는 장원추형이었고 두부에서 첨체는 관찰되지 않았으며 편모의 미세소관 배열은 9+2구조를 이루고 있었다. 또한 정자의 꼬리 끝에는 고리형태의 구조물 보유하고 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.78-88
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• 2003

This study was conducted to develop the plant-mat for ecological restoration which was formed as the thin multi-layers of woven nets, soil media, seeds, etc. The experimental site was selected at a slope of 240$m^2$ at the rear of Design College of Sangmyung University and divided into 8 sub-experimental plots (20$m^2$ each) according to mat types. (forest-type and grass-type mats with and without seed attachment, respectively) Also, the existing vegetation plot and the no-treatment plot were included in this experiment for comparison. The experiment construction was conducted on September 3, 2002. Mat covered plots regardless of seed attachment showed nearly no signs of erosion even if rainy season in summer compared to the no-treatment plot. Vegetation monitoring result showed that germination rates were somewhat high in both forest and grass-type mats without seed attachment in the initial germination stage. Although germination rates of seed attached mats were somewhat slower than non-seed attached mats in the germination stage, but over time, it showed a good rooting and shooting environment for germinated tree and grass species because of soil media existence within the mat. This indicates that while non seed-attached mats require follow-up maintenance, seed-attached mats does not require maintenance after rooting and germination.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to discovered assessment items for improving athletic efficiency and management of golf courses. Through this, the study intended to provide basic data for creating competitive golf courses and management. Important assessment items were selected by inducing preliminary assessment items and conducting a preliminary survey and a main survey for specialists through a theoretical study. For the survey results studied, reliability and average value for importance were calculated using SPSS/PC Window Release 12.0. As assessment of importance by assessment area, in athletic efficiency assessment, course management level was the highest, followed by fairness of games and operation of games. In management assessment, importance of service level, information management, facility management, management of game assistants, etc. were high. As assessment of importance by assessment item, it was found that 'variety of golf shot' and 'the length of a course' were important in course layout. Also 'start interval among teams' and 'disturbance of play' were assessed as important items in game operation, while 'fair reservation' and 'rounding rotation time' were important in fairness of games. In addition, in information management, 'kind service of golf course staffs' and 'prompt reservation and notification' were found to be important assessment items. In facility management, all assessment indexes were over 4.0, which means all of them are important for quality of golf course and competitiveness. In membership service, 'appropriate price of goods for sale' and 'service for members' were relatively important assessment items. Further, in management of game assistants, 'qualifications and skillfulness of game assistants' was assessed as a very important index. Although the current study only selected important items to assess excellent golf courses, it is necessary to apply the study results to the actual sites and verify them for golf course both at domestic and abroad.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2000

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the disturbed vision on the gait distance parameters on the healthy young population. SUBJECTS. Twenty four healthy college aged individuals are randomly assigned to both a condition with a strobe light and the other condition without a strobe light. METHODS. The instrumentation used for gait analysis is the GaitRite electronic walkway system with a personal IBM computer. The examiner naked all the subjects to walk 6 times on the gait mat without the strobe light and. 6 times on the mat with the strobe light. The first 4 trials were practice and the last two trials were recorded in both conditions. The gait parameters analyzed were as follows : velocity, cadence, step length, and heel to heel base of support. RESULTS. Paired samples t-test used for this study did not found any significant differences between the two conditions because the p-values that were analyzed on the experiment were Utter than 0.05. The gait parameters that were analyzed included cadence, velocity, left and right heel to heel base of support, and left and right step length. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. Based on this population, the condition of disturbed vision via the effect of the strobe light was not significantly challenging to compromise the body's sensory systems. However, in the elderly population, these systems can undergo age related changes. Visual changes rapidly decline in people 60 to 80 years of age and changes in the vestibular system include $20-40\%$ reduction in hair cells.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2003

Due to the wide expansion of the internet, people can freely get information what they want with lesser efforts. However without adequate forms or rules to follow, it is getting more and more difficult to get necessary information. Because of seemingly chaotic status of the current web environment, it is sometimes called "Dizzy web" The user should wander from page to page to get necessary information. Therefore we need to construct system which properly recommends appropriate information for general user. The representative research field for this system is called Recommendation System(RS), The collaborative recommendation system is one of the RS. It was known to perform better than the other systems. When we perform the web user modeling or other web-mining tasks, the continuous feedback data is very important and frequently used. In this paper, we propose a collaborative recommendation system which can deal with the continuous feedback data and tried to construct the web page prediction system. We use a sojourn time of a user as continuous feedback data and combine the traditional model-based algorithm framework with the Support Vector Regression technique. In our experiments, we show the accuracy of our system and the computing time of page prediction compared with Pearson's correlation algorithm.algorithm.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 환자들의 일상생활 동안 움직임 이상을 관찰하기 위한 인체동작 무선계측 기술을 개발하였다. 기술개발에 사용한 도구는 버클리대학에서 개발한 MICA, TinyOS, nesC를 이용하여 무선신호 감지, 소프트웨어 플랫폼, 그리고 임베디드 프로그래밍을 위한 도구로 사용하였다. 실험을 위해 개발된 장비를 인체의 가슴부위에 부착하고 움직임 동작인 앉기, 서기, 눕기 데이터를 획득하여 PDA로 무선전송하여 저장하고 처리하여 그래프로 보여준다. 보여진 결과는 인체동작을 구속이나 제한 없이 기록할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구의 결과는 환자의 움직임 이상과 일상생활동작을 관찰하는 데 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2002

[ $Mg_{68}Zn_{28}Y_4$ ] 합금의 응고 조직은 primary solidification phase, primary solidification phase로부터 성장된 ${\alpha}-Mg$ dendrite, 그리고 응고 말기에 형성된 eutectic structure의 세 가지형태 조직으로 구성되어져 있다. Primary solidification phase에는 매우 큰 정도의 phason strain이 존재하고 있으며, $a=27.2{\AA}\;and\;{\alpha}=63.43^{\circ}$의 격자상수를 갖는 1/1 rhombohedral approximant가 존재한다. 이와 같은 rhombohedral approximant의 구조는 six dimensional face centered hyper-cubic lattice에 phason strain을 도입함에 의해 얻어질 수 있다. Decagonal phase는 icosahedral phase로부터 방위 관계를 가지며 형성되며, $Mg_4Zn_7$는 decagonal phase로부터 방위관계를 가지며 성장한다. 이는 세 상간에 구조적 유사성이 존재하고 있음을 의미하며, 응고시 용질원자의 분배에 의해 이들 세 상이 순서대로 형성되어진다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

한국어류의 수정란 난막 미세구조를 분류체계에 따른 체계화 작업의 일환으로 난문의 유무, 난막의 표면 및 단면구조를 밝힘으로써 계통분류학적 기초자료를 제시하고자 경골어류, 구굴무치과에 속하는 얼룩동사리의 수정란을 실험재료로 하여 주사전자현미경과 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 수정란은 부착성 및 침성란으로 장타원형이었으며 동물극쪽에 부착사가 부착되어 있었다. 난황낭 내에는 많은 유적들이 있었으며, 난막 표면은 pore cannal들이 분포하고, 난문은 관찰되지 않았다. 난막은 두 층으로 구성되어 있었는데 외층은 전자밀도가 높은 비부착성이었으며, 내층은 전자밀도가 서로 다른 7층으로 구성되어 있었다. 이상과 같이 얼룩동사리 수정란 난막의 미세구조적 특징은 얼룩동사리의 수정란이 가지는 독특한 형태학적 형질로서 종을 분류하는데 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2005

1929년부터 상업적으로 사용되기 시작한 폴리염화비페닐류(PCBs)는 Aroclor (미국), Kanechlor (일본), Sovol (러시아) 등 다양하게 상업적으로 시판되었다. PCBs는 209종의 동족체로 구성되어 있으며 변압기, 축전기의 절연유, 윤활유, 가소제, 도료, 복사지 등의 여러 용도로 사용되어 온 산업용 화학물질이다. 본 연구에서는 시판되는 PCBs Aroclor 제품을 구입하여, 표준물질을 사용하여 피크패턴법에 의한 정량방법과 계수비교법에 의한 정량방법을 비교하고, 시료에 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석대상 시료의 피크패턴은 Aroclor 1242:1254:1260의 세 종류가 혼합된 경우와, Aroclor 1242:1254, Aroclor 1254:1260이 혼합된 경우 그리고 Aroclor 1242, 1254 및 1260이 혼합된 시료가 다양한 비율로 검출되었다. 또한, 두 정량법에 따른 분석 결과는 혼합된 PCBs 제품의 종류가 한 종류인 경우 보다 여러 종류일수록 두 정량값의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.