• 보존과학연구
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• s.22
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• pp.115-132
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• 2001

No. 3 Tomb of Bogam-ri, in Naju City, Chollanam-do Province, was a site excavated and inspected from 1996 to 1998 and had a various grave forms, including jar-coffins, stone-chambers and stone-cists. Although most of the metal artifacts excavated from it were severely corroded, we could implement microstructure investigation by collecting samples from the iron axes, iron coffin-nails and iron clamps in which the metal parts were remained. The metal structures were inspected by using metallographic microscope and SEM, and fine components analysis was implemented by ICP. To examine the hardness differences in accordance with the structure distribution, we measured the hardness by structures with Vickers hardness testing machine. As a result of the metal structure inspection, most of them were pure iron, ferrite, and also pearlite, cementite and widmannstaten structures were displayed. We could confirm carbonization was formed on the surface of the iron axes-B, iron coffin-nails-B, and iron clamps-A. There was no carbonization in the rest of the artifacts, and it is not certain that whether the carbonized parts were peeled off through extreme corrosion or they were not carbonized when they were made. In the particular part of a blade, the quality of the material was strengthened through processing. Due to the processing re-grain was caused and fine grain particles were formed. As a result of the ICP component analysis, there were no addition atoms because pure irons were used as materials. In the mean time, No. 17 jar-coffin where the iron axes-A are excavated, is chronologically ordered as from the late-fourth century to the mid-fifth century, and No. 1 and No. 2 stone chambers, where the rest of the artifacts were excavated, as the early-sixth century. It was difficult to relate the periodic differences with the manufacture technique artifacts which we inspected because there were no distinct characteristics of the manufacture technique of the metal structures and it is impossible to conclude the artifacts and sites are at the same period although their periods are different.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.256-262
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• 1999

To evaluate the genetic diversity and structure of the South Korean soybean population, 233 landraces collected in various regions of the country were surveyed for 15 allozyme loci and one protein locus. The South Korean population was fixed or nearly fixed at seven of the 16 loci tested. The number of alleles per locus was 2.06 and Nei’s gene diversity was 0.194. These values were lower than the values for the same 16 loci previously reported for the Japanese and Chinese populations. The differences among eight regional groups were not so marked, with only 7.2% of the total variation arising from regional differentiation. Three southern regional groups (Chollabuk-do, Chollanam-do and Kyong-sangnam-do) exhibited a relatively high variability because of frequent occurrence of alleles characteristic of the Japanese population. A marked difference was found in allelic frequencies at the Dial locus between large-seeded landraces and small-seeded ones, suggesting that the latter, which are used mainly for bean sprouts, had been established independently of the former, which are used mostly for soy sauce and cooking with rice. Not only the region but also the usage as food materials should therefore be taken into consideration in designing an efficient collection and preservation method for the Korean soybean landraces.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 2001

Artificial fertilization (dry method) of mature right-eye flounder, Limanda yokohamae (female : 25.1~30.4 cm in total length (TL), male : 24.5~28.5 cm in TL), obtained from the fish market in Dolsan-do, Yosu was performed in the Fisheries Exhibition. Hatched larvae and juveniles were reared to describe their morphological development. Newly hached larvae attained 3.13~3.42 mm in TL. Their eyes were yellowish brown and their mouth and anus were not yet opened. Three to six days after hatching the larvae attained 3.35~4.61 mm in TL. Their mouth and anus were open and the yolk sac was almost absorbed. Feeding activity increased as the mouth became larger. At 25 days, the larvae attained 5.47~5.91 mm in TL. The caudal notocord was flexed $45^{\circ}$ upward. At 35 days, the larvae attained 6.83~7.60 mm in TL. Rays of the dorsal and anal fins were formed, and the left eye was moved slightly to the right side of the head. At 55 days, the juveniles attained 9.38~11.73 mm in TL. The left eye was moved completely onto the right side. All of the fins had complete set of the fin rays, and the juveniles spent most of the time on the bottom resting on their blind side (D. 68~70 : A. 50~52 : P. 11: V. 6 : C. 18~19).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.380-385
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• 1988

The present study was conducted to evaluate agronomic characters of the soybean germplasm which was collected from the sites covering whole areas of southern Korean peninsula. A total of 2,748 Korean native soybeans was grouped for fruiting period and in this group frequency distribution of the important agronomic characters and relationships among the characters were determined. The results obtained were summarized as follows; The soybean germplasm was comprised of SeoulㆍKyonggi-do 7.5%, Kangwon-do 13.3%, Chungchongbuk-6.6%. Chungchongnam-do 12.3%, Chollabuk-do 10.7%, Chollanam-do 12.6%, Kyongsangbuk-do 20.8%, Kyongsangnam-do 15.3% and Cheju-do 0.6% in number of collections. Frequency distribution of the germplasm for fruiting period was 0.14% in Group I (below 55 days). 1.67% in Group II (56-60 days), 10.58% in (Group III(61-65 days), 23.18% in Group IV(66-70 days), 25.91% in Group V(71-75 days) 19.79% in Group Ⅵ(76-80 days), 15.1% in Group Ⅶ(81-85 days) and 3.6% in Group Ⅷ(over 85 days). The lines over 70 days in fruiting period were as much as 64.4% of germplasm. The fruiting period varied largely from 45 days to 91 days. Fruiting period was positively correlated to seed weight, days to maturity, days to flowering, plant height and number of branches per plant, respectively. While. it was negatively correlated to number of pods, lodging and virus infectivity, repectively, and in particular negative correlation was shown significantly between yield and fruiting period. Average yield was very high as much a 1.389kg/ha in fruiting period Group I, and decreased with increment of fruiting period, 1.400kg/ha in Group II. 1.384kg/ha in Group III. 1,299kg/ha in Group IV, 1,197kg/ha in Group V, 1,117kg/ha in Group Ⅵ, 967kg/ha in Group Ⅶ and 832kg/ha in Group Ⅷ.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1991

The flora of the Hwaomsa Valley in Chirisan National Park, Chollanam-do, Korea, was investigated during May 5-7, July 10-13, and September 28-30, 1990. The number of vascular plants which investigated in the present study were enumerated as 2 classes, 31 orders, 83 families, 175 genera, 216 species, 24 varieties, and 7 forma.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.72-76
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• 1992

The sex ratio and gonadal histology were investigated in the Cobitis lutheri Rendahl collected from the Tamjin River of Chollanam-do Province. Korea. The ratio of males declined in proportion to increase in size, while that of females increased in proportion to increase in size. Hermaphrodites were found in the intermediate size fishes. They had degenerating testicular tissue and developing ovarian tissue simultaneously. These phenomena were discussed in relation to skewed sex ratios.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to assess the school flood service management and its perception by dietitians. Questionnaries were developed and answered by 162 dietitians in elementary schools in Chollanam-do. The duration of the flood service system was the longest in remote areas followed by rural and urban areas. The average number of persons served a day was 680 per dietitians. More than three schools were supervised by 52.4% of dietitians. Lack of facilities, including restrooms for the flood service personnel and storage compartments for convenience products were indicated. Regardless of the type of school flood service system, the dietitians pointed out that they urgency needed gas fryers, gas griddles and vegetable cutters, which would be helpful in preparing fried flood for the students. Despite the dietitians' eagerness to teach nutritional education, 80.9% of the respondents did not provide nutritional education to the students, because of the lack of class roomtime. It was suggested that the teaching nutritional education by dietitians was desperately needed for the improvement of health and the nutritional status of school children.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1999

The genetic polymorphism and relationship among 14 Zelkova serrata registered as the natural monument in Korea were investigated using RAPD markers. N-J tree indicated that individuals in Kangwon-do were clustered and those in Yangam-gun and Damyang-gun of Chollanam-do were done closely. However, all the others were not agreed with the geographical distribution. Maybe this discordance was resulted from their movement by human being than any biological factors. The polymorphic percentages among individuals were from 77.8 to 100. From the high polymorphism, it was supposed that existing natural monuments were independently originated in the ancestors of long differentiated populations.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.180-194
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• 1985

The author investigated the history of oyster culture in Korea through examining old books and reports dealing with the fishery. Oysters have been produced in the all coastal areas in Korea, especially the center areas of production were the Hwangupo (Hamkyongbuk-do), Younghungman (Hamkyongnam-do), the estuary of Nakdonggang (Kyongsangnam-do), Kwangyangman, Haechangman, the estuary of Yongsangang (Chollanam-do), Yonghoto (Hwanghae-do) and the estuary of Uprockgang, where the large size oyster (more than 40cm in shell height) inhabited in form of groups. It was called by nine different names in the old times, Gul, Seukhwa and Moryeo were the most common names. The oyster was used as 46 kinds of medicinal stuff. The habitat forms of natural oyster can be distinguished to two types; one is that oyster is exposed to the air during the period of low tide (A-type), another is that oyster is not (B-type). The first oyster culture by the old books in Korea was started about 530 years ago as the bottom culture method derived from the A-type of oyster. After long years, the hanging culture method might have been started from the hint of the habitat form of B-type. The oyster culture in Korea developed based on the habitat forms of natural oyster at the biginning of 1900s. After World War II, the Korean government strongly recommded the laver farmers to culture oyster as relief measures. At that time, the stone culture method was mainly adopted. The quantity of oyster production is now about $15{\times}10^6{\sim}19{\times}10^6\;\frac{M}{T}$, and the half of oyster production including seed oyster is exported to the foreign countries.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2008

The fluctuation in the abundance and species composition of fish was investigated using a fyke net with entrances on both sides in the coastal waters of Geumo-do, Yeosu, Chollanam-do, Korea, from May 2003 to April 2004. A total of 2,379 fishes (392.13 kg) were sampled and classified into 11 orders, 34 families, and 53 species. The dominant orders were Perciformes, Scorpaeniformes, and Pleuronectiformes, which accounted for 67.9% of the collected fishes. The dominant species was Acanthopagrus schlegelii (235 individuals, 19.00 kg), followed by Konosirus punctatus (182 individuals, 9.53 kg), and Apogon lineatus (161 individuals, 1.69 kg). The number of individuals and biomass were higher in spring and summer than in winter, and the monthly variation may be related to the water temperature. The diversity index was highest in September (H'=2.9) and lowest in December (H'=1.8). The evenness index was highest in August (J=0.9) and lowest in December (J=0.7). The dominance index was highest in December (D=0.7) and lowest in August (D=0.2). The economically important species in this area are Acanthopagrus schlegelii, Konosirus punctatus, Lateolabrax maculatus, Argyrosomus argentatus, Trichiurus lepturus, Lateolabrax japonicus, and Sebastes schlegelii.