• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.355-366
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the antioxidant level, serum cholesterol and skin ${\beta}$-carotene, of female elderly who had been living more then 10 months in institutions which offered either vegetarian or non vegetarian diet. Methods: Total of 110 female elderly, 56 from institution serving vegetarian diet and 54 from nonvegetarian diet, were recruited from institutions located in S and N city in Korea. ${\beta}$-carotene level was measured on their palm using Pharmanex Biophotonic Scanner and annual health evaluation data was utilized for the analysis of serum cholesterol. Results: The subjects on a vegetarian diet had a significantly higher level of phosphorus, carotene, and folic acid. The elderly who were living in an institution offering a vegetarian diet had a lower level of serum cholesterol and higher level of skin ${\beta}$-carotene, compared to those living in an institution offering a non-vegetarian diet. Conclusion: This study reveals that a vegetarian diet is beneficial in increasing skin ${\beta}$-carotene level, decreasing serum total cholesterol level. The skin ${\beta}$-carotene measurement appear valuable as a bio-marker of antioxidant intake. Further study on antioxidant food and effective serving strategy for elderly are recommended.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.799-803
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• 2000

Objective : This study was designed to assess effects of He-Ne laser irradiation on high-level of Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride. Methods : The 76 patients who have been checked Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride high were divided into a study group of patient who were irradiated and into a control group of patients who did not receive irradiation.. Then, patients rechecked Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride after 1 month later. Results : In patients of study group, The level of Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride was decreased. But In comparison with control group, there was no significant effect of decrement of Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride. Conclusions : These results suggest that He-Ne laser irradiation may have no significant decrement effects on high-level of Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.25 no.1 s.37
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• pp.44-52
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• 1992

This study was conducted to evaluate the relations between alcohol intake and blood lipid level in a group of 1,138 Korean adult men, ages 20 to 69 years. Total number of each of a variety of drinks in the previous two weeks was obtained by questionnaire and converted into grams of alcohol consumed in a week. The levels of blood lipid such as Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, Triglyceride and LDL-Cholesterol were examined by enzyme method. We also observed the effects of various variables such as age, body mass index, smoking, exercise and blood pressure on blood lipid level. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Average weekly alcohol intake was $129.0{\pm}167.4gm$ and that of 30-39 age group was the highest as $149.3{\pm}170.4gm$. 2. Levels of Cholesterol Triglyceride and LDL-Cholesterol tended to increase with increasing age, but level of HDL-Cholesterol showed no significant relationship with age. 3. The positive linear regressions of alcohol intake on HDL-Cholesterol and Triglyceride were noted statistically significant. 4. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the effect of alcohol on HDL-Cholesterol and Triglyceride was statistically significant and the contribution rates were 5.0% and 0.8%, respectively. And, in the case of HDL-Cholesterol, the alcohol intake was the most significant independent variable.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.681-684
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to investigate the hypocholesterolemic activity of Bifidobacteria (B. breve K-110, B. breve K-111, and B. infantis K-525) isolated from a healthy Korean. The administration of B. breve K-110 and K-111 with a high cholesterol diet significantly protected the increase of serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol relative to that of a high cholesterol diet alone. Such a diet supplemented with 0.5％ B. breve K-111 decreased serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol to 57 and 55％, respectively. The administration of Bifidobacteria also significantly inhibited the lipid-deposited surface in the aorta. The normalizing activity of serum cholesterol level in cholesterolemic rats was accelerated by Bifidobacteria. The normalizing activity of B. breve K-111 on serum cholesterol level was superior to that of B. breve K-110. These results suggest that Bifidobacteria in the human intestine playa role in the prophylactics of arteriosclerosis.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.275-282
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of fibrinogen genotype and other characteristics on the plasma fibrinogen levels. Many studies have conformed that high plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with the increased risk of ischaemic heart disease, stroke and arterial disease. And fibrinogen levels are related with age, obesity, cholesterol and alcohol consumption, genotypes. For this study the blood samples were collected from 93 healthy Koreans (66 males and 27 females). The blood samples were individually analyzed by smoking status, cholesterol levels, genotype, age, and gender. The plasma fibrinogen was assayed by clotting method (modified Clauss assay) and cholesterol was assayed by cholesterol oxidase method. Subjects were classified by current smokers, ex-smokers (<6 month), or nonsmokers. The $\beta$-fibrinogen genotype was detected by PCR of relevant region and digestion with HaeIII, with the H$_1$H$_1$ allele allowing cleavage by this restriction enzyme and H$_2$H$_2$ allele being refractory. In conclusion, the study shows that the factor of the increasement in the fibrinogen level was closely related with the cholesterol level, smoking status and genotype (H$_1$H$_2$); but there was no significant difference by gender, Especially, among the people over 50 years of age, fibrinogen level was higher with the increasement of cholesterol level (<200 mg/dl), current smoker, and genotype H$_1$H$_2$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 1996

To investigate the effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on male sexual function and serum lipid level, the results of KRG treatments were compared to placebo group. A total of 35 patients with psychogenic impotence were assigned to medication group with KRG (n=28) and placebo (n=7). KRG and placebo were given to each group for 2 months. Changes in symptoms such as frequency of coitus, morning erection, penile rigidity and tumescence were significantly higher in the group receiving KRG than placebo group. The overall therapeutic efficacies on erectile function were 67% for KRG group and 28% for placebo group (p <0.05). In the group treated with 9 tablets of KRG, there was tendency of better efficacy as compared to the group treated with 6 tablets of KRG. The level of serum high density lipid- cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) while the other serum lipid such as total cholesterol, tiglyceride and low density lipid-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) , were not changed after administration of KRG. This effect was observed significantly in the group in which KRG exerted its effect on sexual function(p < 0.05). From the above results, the administration of Korean red ginseng has shown to have superior of facts as compared to the placebo. The tendency of good effect was increased when a large amount of KRG was administered. The mechanism of KRG in improving sexual function would be the result of elevating the level of geum HDL-cholesterol in impotent patients. The effect of KRG was produced when the level of cholesterol was high before starting KRG medication. Therefore, the effect of KRG could be observed more intensively when the patients have high serum cholesterol level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.433-440
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• 1996

To assess the relationship between serum cholesterol level and dietary intake in obese children, 50 subjects were selected as an obese group and 50 subjects as a normal group depending upon body mass index. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for serum total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC) and triglyceride(TG). The dietary intake and information on dietary behavior and family environment were obtained by questionaire using 24 hour dietary recall method for 2-consecutive days. The concentrations of TC, LDLC, HDLC and TG of obese group were estimated to be 193.3mg/dl, 122.5mg/dl, 53.7mg/dl and 86.0mg/dl, respectively. The obese group showed higher TC, LDLC, TG level(p<0.001) and lower HDLC level(p<0.001) than normal group. Food intakes in obese group were similar to those of normal group except meats & fishes(P<0.01), milk & dairy products, fruits(p<0.05), and green & yellow vegetables(p<0.001). Nutrient intakes in obese group exceeded Korean recommended dietary allowance for the corresponding ages. Saturated fatty acid(p<0.05) and cholesterol(p<0.001) intakes in obese group were higher than those of normal group. In correlation analysis, meats & fishes, eggs and milk & dairy products intakes were positively related to serum TC, LDLC and TG ; on the contrary, green & yellow vegetables and fruits intakes were negatively related to serum TC, LDLC and TG ; but positively to HDLC. Obesity index, serum cholesterol level, cholesterol and saturated fatty acid intake were positively correlated with parent's obesity index, frequency of snack per day, eating rate and late snack.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.202-218
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the effects of SIMNETONG, GANGJIYOUNSOODAN and CHUNGSIMJOKITANG(Xinnao-Tong, Jiangzhiyanshou-Dan and Qingxintiaoqi-Tang) on hyperlipidemia, the experimental study was performed in rats without or with hyperlipidemia induced by 2% cholesterol fed-diet or Triton WR-1339. And the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid were measured. The results are summarized as follows : In the model of hyperlipidemia induced by 2% cholesterol Fed-diet 1. Both low & highly concentrated GANGJIYOUNSOODAN showed significantly decreasing effects on the level of serum total cholesterol while SIMNETONG & CHUNGSIMJOKlTANG didn't. 2. GANGJIYOUNSOODAN, SIMINETONG and CHUNGSIMJOKITANG showed decreasing effects on the level of serum triglyceride with no statistical significance. 3. Only highly concentrated GANGJIYOUNSOODAN showed increasing effects on the level of serum HDL-cholesterol while the others had no effects. 4. Only highly concentrated GANGJIYOUNSOODAN had decreasing effects on the level of serum LDL-cholesterol while the others had no effects. 5. Highly concentrated GANGJIYOUNSOODAN and CHUNGSIMJOKITANG showed significantly decreasing effects on the level of serum phospholipid while the other had no effects. In the model of hyperlipidemia induced by Triton WR-1339 6. SIMNETONG, GANGJIYOUNSOODAN and CHUNGSIMJOKITANG showed slightly decreasing effects on the levels of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride with no statistical significance. 7. None of SIMNETONG, GANGJIYOUNSOODAN and CHUNGSIMJOKITANG showed any effects on the level of serum HDL-cholesterol. 8. Highly concentrated GANGJIYOUNSOODAN and CHUNGSIMJOKITANG showed decreasing effects on the level of serum LDL-cholesterol but the other had no effects. 9. All of highly concentrated SIMNETONG, GANGJIYOUNSOODAN and CHUNGSIMJOKITANG showed decreasing effects on the level of serum phospholipid with statistical significance. These results show that GANGJIYOUNSOODAN and CHUNGSIMJOKITANG, in orders, have antihyperlipidemic effects. Further study on the mechanism and on the herb screening of these prescription should be followed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.200-205
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• 2000

Ethanol extract of Alpiniae Katsumadaii semen inhibited potently cholesterol esterase activity in vitro. Chloroform fraction of ethanol extract showed the stronger inhibitory effect than other solvent fractions-ethylacetate fraction, butanol fraction, and aqueous fraction. The chloroform frac ion of Alpiniae katsumadaii semen were studied as a candidator of plasma cholesterol lowering material in high cholesterol-fed rats. In high cholesterol-fed rats, the diet with chloroform fraction of 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg lowered not only plasma neutral lipids contents 25.9% and 26.5% but also plasma total cholesterol level 11.8% and 20.8%, respectively. Plasma HDL-cholesterol level and Atherogenic Index(AI) in Alpiniae chloroform fraction-fed rats were recovered as those level of normal rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1993

The Preventive effect of the saponin fraction of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer against hyperchole- sterolemia was demonstrated by assaying the cholesterol and triacylglyceride level of the blood serum and liver of rats fed high-cholesterol diet with and/or without ginsenoside. To understand the mechanism of the preventive action of ginsenoside, ginsenoside effect on LDL receptor binding ability, cholesterol level, and cAMP level of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells cultured under various conditions were examined. When LDL (20 $\mu$g/ml) was added to the culture medium for CHO cell culture, LDL receptor binding activity of the cell was suppressed down to 58% of that of normal group. Ginsenosides at 10--2% and 10-3% level (w/v) were shown to exert an appreciable stimulatory effect on CHO cell LDL receptor activity, which partially overcame the suppression due to the presence of LDL (20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) in the medium. Ginsenosides also reduced the increased cholesterol level of test group almost to that of normal group, and it increased cAMP level, which was usually reduced to 55% of that of the normal group due to the presence of LDL in the medium. Comparison of Kd and Bmax value of CHO cells cultured under different conditions revealed that this stimulation was due not to the receptor's binding affinity but to its number. Addition of ginsenoside (10-2%) decreased the uptake of taurocholic acid as much as 20% at the actively transporting everted ileal sacs, but it failed to form a large mixed micelles with taurocholic acid, which was one of the proposed mechanisms by which ginsenoside inhibits bile acid reabsorption. From the above results, it seemed likely that ginsenoside prevented hypercholestrolemia by decreasing cholesterol level in cells thereby relieving the inhibition of LDL receptor synthesis by cholesterol and also by inhibiting bile acid reabsorption from the small intestine.