• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.133-157
• /
• 2012

This paper aims to propose the strategy making in social enterprise for ensuring organizational sustainability and governance of social enterprise from systems thinking's perspective. Based on previous reviews on organizational sustainability and theories of governance currently advocated in the social enterprise literature, we use 'Holon Dynamics' approach, which is a synthesis of System Dynamics and Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), offers the problem-solving method for dealing with social contexts and "ill-defined" situations. To do so, a researcher carried out the interpretive action research using 'Holon Dynamics' approach from September, 2009 to August, 2010. The outcomes of research are summarized as follows. Firstly, systems methodologies are useful to offer a strategic choice that makes to achieve an organizational sustainability in the case of Korean social enterprise; 'the Rediscovery of Korea'. Secondly, systems thinking offers an alternative concept of system, which is known as an 'appreciative system' that is evolved from the mental constructs amongst participants in given situations. Lastly, the paper delineates the usefulness of systems thinking and the process of inquiry, which deal with social contexts (including cultural and political factors), are contributed to making the necessary conditions for organizational legitimacy and the appropriate strategic choice for social enterprise within combined functioning of the two roles of social and commercial activities from systemic perspectives.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2000

The experience of many countries strongly suggests that bad governments and institutions have been a serious, if not the most serious, obstacle to economic growth and industry-structural adjustments. All public sectors pursue a mix of both predatory and productive activities-bad governments emphasizing the former, while good governments finding a way of promoting the later. In fishery public policy studies, much confusion exists about the roles of policy illustration and prescription. In general fishery public sectors involve collective actions by numerous individuals under conditions of uncertainty, complexity, bounded rationality, and imperfect information structure. All collective fisheries action organizations consist of a center(e.g., government), which leads fishery group actions, and peripheral participants(e.g., fishermen), which are controlled by the government. A paradigm is developed that gives both theoretical and empirical meaning to the constitutional determination of fisheries political preference function or fishery public sector governance structures. Three relevant spaces are specified: policy instrument, results, and constitutional. The collective-choice rules of the constitutional space structure the tradeoff between public and special fishery interest groups. Fishery public sectors seeking sustainable reductions in wasteful rent-seeking fishing activities should select constitutional principles and institutional structures that tend to promote resource sustainability. In particular, the effects of internal and external events on fisheries may result in a greater or lesser concentration of interest group power. Thus, the structure of the fishereis political power must be assessed in any prescriptive evaluation of alternative fishery governance weights.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.147-157
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate children's ideas about self-regulation in such situational variables as the presence of explicit rules and the domains of social rules. The subjects were 6-, 9-, and 12-year-old children (344). To assess children's ideas about self-regulation, a procedure was devised in which children were presented with stories portraying a protagonist in a conflict between an implicit or an explicit rule and a personal desire. The children were asked to make a choice for the protagonist and to give reasons for their choice. Major findings as follows: (1) There was significant difference in children's self-regulation depending on the presence of explicit rules. (2) There was significant difference in children's self-regulation depending on the domains of social rules. In situations that involved no explicit rules for behaviors, there were significant differences depending on the domains. In situations that involved explicit rules for behaviors, for 6- and 9-year-old children, there was no significant difference depending on the domains. (3) Children's use of justifications for their choice of action varied as a function of the characteristics of the social rules.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2018

This paper provides recommendations for setting performance requirements for the seismic design of building structures in Hong Kong. Fundamental issues relating to the required level of structural safety will be addressed, which is then followed with a recommended seismic action model for structural design purposes in Hong Kong. The choice of suitable performance criteria of structures and the return period of the design seismic actions are first discussed. The development of the seismic hazard model for Hong Kong is then reviewed. The determination of the design response spectrum and the choice of design parameters for structures of different importance classes will also be presented.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 1989

The wires for initial alignment purposes require a combination of excellent strength, excellent springiness, and a long rang of action. The variables in selecting appropriate arches for alignment are the arch wire material, its diameter, and the distance between attachments. The principle that there should be 0.02 inch clearance for initial wires means that an .016 diameter wire is the largest that should be considered for initial alignment in the .018 slot system. The three major possibilities for alignment arches are multistranded steel wires, nickel-titanium wires, and single-stranded steel wires with loops. The excellent choice for initial alignment in .018 bracket is .014 steel wire with loops.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제44권8호
• /
• pp.549-556
• /
• 2021

Decoding the molecular mechanisms underlying axon guidance is key to precise understanding of how complex neural circuits form during neural development. Although substantial progress has been made over the last three decades in identifying numerous axon guidance molecules and their functional roles, little is known about how these guidance molecules collaborate to steer growth cones to their correct targets. Recent studies in Drosophila point to the importance of the combinatorial action of guidance molecules, and further show that selective fasciculation and defasciculation at specific choice points serve as a fundamental strategy for motor axon guidance. Here, I discuss how attractive and repulsive guidance cues cooperate to ensure the recognition of specific choice points that are inextricably linked to selective fasciculation and defasciculation, and correct pathfinding decision-making.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.41-54
• /
• 1978

Aspirin is one of the oldest synthetic drugs and remains the most widely used medical agent. It is a household remedy effective in treating such common ailments as headache, minor muscular pain and fever. Aspirin is the drug choice for rheumatic fever and arthritis which some five million Americans suffer. Lately it has been established by double-blind and randomized clinical studies that regular aspirin intake reduces the incidence of mild strokes and heart attackes.

• 환경정책연구
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-40
• /
• 2003

The objective of this paper is to formulate strategies and action programs for developing sustainable agriculture in Korea. There is increasing evidence that agriculture has been preoccupied with increasing productivity much to the detriment of environmental degradation. The issue of increasing agricultural productivity so as not to undermine the environment is a difficult task. In reality, there are many definitions of sustainable agriculture and sustainable agricultural development. In this paper, sustainable agriculture is defined by its ability to ensure future supplies of agricultural products at acceptable economic and environmental costs to the society. Sustainable agriculture development refers to the optimal level of interaction among the three dimensions - the environmental, the economic and the social - through dynamic and adaptive processes of trade-off. In order to formulate the strategies for developing sustainable agriculture, three stage approaches such as strategic analysis, strategic choice, and strategic implementation are employed. The basic framework for strategies of sustainable agriculture development consists of five steps such as vision, targets, principles, action plan and policy instruments. The major action plans for activating formulated strategies are suggested as integrating agricultural and environmental policy measures, establishing the system of optimal agri-environmental resources management practices, establishing safe and high quality product system and its effective marketing system, increasing the R&D investment for developing sustainable agro-technology, developing indicators for measuring sustainable agricultural development, and taking a share in related roles for all parties including farmers, consumers, policy makers, researchers and NGOs.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.32-36
• /
• 1989

Cypermethrin과 pirimicarb도태 저항성계통 복수아흑진딧물(Myzus persicae Sulzer)에 대한 acephate, cypermethrin, demeton-S-methyl, pirimicarb 상호 혼합시의 연합독작용을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. Cypermethrin 도태 저항성계통에 Cypermethrin+acephate, cypermethrin+demeton-S-methyl, cypermethrin_pirimicarb를 처리하였을 때, 혼합비에 따른 정도의 차이는 있었으나. 독립작용 또는 길항작용을 보였다. Pirimicarb 도태 저항성계통에 pirimicarb+acephate, pirimicarb+cypermethrin을 각각 8:2, 2:8 혼합처리하였을 때 최대의 협동결과를 보였으나, pirimicarb+demeton-S-methyl의 경웨는 혼합비에 관계없이 길항작용을 나타내었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제16권11호
• /
• pp.308-320
• /
• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 노인요양시설에서 위험의 예방과 대응을 위해 구축한 위험관리시스템의 실제 수행 활동인 액션 플랜의 실행 과정과 성과를 제시하는 경험적 사례 연구이다. 이를 위해 국내 최초로 위험 예방 및 대응을 위해 위험관리시스템을 구축하여 수행 활동을 해온 A노인요양시설이 2년간 실시(2014년~2015년)한 액션 플랜 실행 과정과 성과를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 첫째 위험관리시스템 액션 플랜은 위험관리시스템 구축 4단계 과정 중 세 번째 단계인 위험 예방 및 대응처리 방법의 선택과 수행 단계에서 수립이 되었다. 둘째 위험관리시스템 액션 플랜 실행에 따른 성과로서 2년간(2014년~2015년)의 위험의 변화를 조사를 파악한 결과 2014년에 비해 2015년에 위험이 28% 감소하여 액션 플랜에 수행에 따른 위험관리 활동이 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 노인요양시설에서 효과적인 액션 플랜 수립과 실행을 위해 액션 플랜은 독자적으로 수립되는 것이 아니라 비전과 전략을 바탕으로 전략, 성취목표와 성취과제 등이 잘 연계될 수 있도록 체계적인 추진일정을 수립해야 하고, 책임소재를 분명히 해야 하며, 간트 도표 등의 기법을 활용하여 실행되어야 할 모든 내용들이 한눈에 쉽게 알아 볼 수 있도록 도식화하여 구체적으로 작성하는 것이 중요하다.