• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Allium hookeri on growth performance, bone strength, and blood biochemical profiles in growing broiler chickens. Twelve hundreds of one-day old Arbor Acres male broilers were divided into 6 treatments with 4 replicates and 50 birds per replicate (n=200 chicks/treatment). Chickens fed basal diet (Control), basal diet with commercial X (Positive control) at 0.05% of diet, or each one of the experimental diets (L3, L5, R3, R5) supplemented with the powder of A. hookeri leaf or root at 0.3 and 0.5% of diet respectively for 5 weeks. At the 5th week of feeding the diets, body weight, tibia strength, and blood biochemical profiles including antibody titers were measured. Dietary A. hookeri (L3, L5, R3, R5) significantly increased final body weight than the control group. And the dietary leaf of A. hookeri effectively increased the growth performance than dietary root of A. hookeri. Interestingly dietary leaf of A. hookeri improved tibia strength than the control group and L3 showed the highest value. The antibody titers against infectious bursal disease (IBD) increased with the addition of dietary leaf of A. hookeri compared with positive control, R3, and R5 groups. But there was no significant difference in serum biochemical parameters such as albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, Ca, P, total protein, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. These results suggest that A. hookeri can be used as a good supplement to improve growth performance and health by increasing bone strength and antibody titer against IBD without any anti-nutritional or toxic effects in growing broilers.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.363-370
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to classify scientific models in the seventh grade science textbooks of the 2007 revised science curriculum. The three chapters of 'three states of material', 'motion of molecule', and 'change of state and energy' were investigated. There were two types of the scientific model as 'mode of representation' and 'attribute of representation'. The mode of representation was composed of 'action model', 'analogical model', 'symbolic model', and 'theoretical model' and the attribute of representation was composed of 'static model' and 'dynamic model'. The results showed that the action model and the analogical model were used primarily in mode of representation. The dynamic model were widely used in attribute of representation. Area of matters dealt with conception of molecules and aimed for students to understand the arrangement and movement of molecule microscopically about macroscopic state in a daily life. Tis study could help to recognize the limitations of scientific models on current textbooks and offer more useful information in planning lessons and organizing textbooks for the future.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to examine the frequency, distribution and characteristics of researches using biological measurement published from 2000 to 2004 in 10 major nursing journals in Korea, Design: Literature analysis. Method: Journals including papers using biological measurements, publishing year, research design and outcome variables were analyzed. Results: 1. Researches using biological measurement were 318(13.3%). 2. Researches using biological measurement in the Korean Academy of Nursing were highest(97papers, 17.5%) among the nursing journals. The proportion of papers using biological measurement to total number of papers was the highest in the Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science as 77.3%(51papers). 3. The 233 papers(73.3%) were experimental researches among 318 papers using biological measurement which showed the highest proportion. 4. Patients were highest subjects of researches using biological measurement(197papers, 61.9%). 5. Blood test was most frequently used as physiological variables from 2001 to 2004. Conclusion: Researches using biological measurement of 10 Korean Nursing Journals in year 2000-year 2004 were very low. We need more researches using biological measurement to provide more objective evidence for nursing practice.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 2001

Object : Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is accepted as appropriate surgical intervention for disease processes of the ventral cervical spine. In some cases, however, improvement of symptom following operation develop myelopathy or rhizopathy at longterm follow-up. We studied to clarify the correlation between clinical results and plain radiologic findings at long term follow-up. Methods : A total of 86 patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion were grouped into deteriorated and good recovery group. These two groups were compared in lateral functional roentgenograms on the cervical kyphosis and disc height at fused level, sagittal plane rotation and dynamic sagittal canal diameter at adjacent level. Results : The presence of cervical kyphosis and disc height at fused level do not correlate with long term followup results. Sagittal plane rotation of more than 20 degrees were identified in 36% of the cases in deteriorated group, whereas the same findings were identified in 15% of the cases in good group. Sagittal diameter of less than 12mm were identified in 48% of the cases in deteriorated group, whereas the same finding were identified in 8% of the cases in good group. Preoperatively, sagittal plane rotation of more than 20 degrees at adjacent level were identified in 28% of the cases in deteriorated group, whereas the same findings were identified in 13% of the cases in good group. Preoperatively sagittal diameter of less than 12mm at adjacent level were identified in 40% of the cases in deteriorated group, whereas the same finding were identified in 7% of the cases in good group. Conclusion : Large sagittal plane rotation and small dynamic sagittal diameter at adjacent level were factors that might be associated with later clinical deterioration after cervical anterior fusion.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 2006

In Korea, there are constantly increasing number of cancer patients with reaching 65,000 deaths and it was 26.3% of the total number of death in 2004. Many cancer patients suffer from surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy after being diagnosed as cancer. And many of them are facing fear of death because they can't be perfectly cured. Due to patients' physical, psychological, and spiritual pain, quality of life drops dramatically. Patients' families also suffer from huge medical expenses while they have to take care of patients's suffering from pain. At the same time, family's attitude can influence on the quality of patients' life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the death orientation of first care giver and the quality of life of hospice patient. The subjects of the study were 80 hospice patients registered at ten hospice institutions with hospice team and medical practitioners in six cities including Seoul as well as their first care givers. This study used 13 questions for the hospice patients and nine questions for the first care givers to recognize general characteristic. To measure death orientation of the first care giver the tool developed by Noh, Soon-hee (2003) was used. And to measure quality of life of the hospice patients Yoo, Seung-yeon's structured tool was used. The data were collected for a month through interview method. SPSS win 12.0 was used to analyze the data by using frequency, percentage, t-test, Pearson correlation. The study result is as follows. In relationship between general characteristic of hospice patient and quality of life, the highest suffering was pain (60%) and the second suffering was anorexia (23.8%). There was no significant relationship between physical pain and general characteristics of hospice patient. In psychological aspects, religion (p=.044) showed significant difference (p<.05). In existential aspects, age (p=.035) showed significant difference (p<.05). There was no significant difference variable in support aspects. And religion (p=.000) was statistically significant variable in spiritual aspects (p<.001). Age (p=0.025) and religion (p=.050) were the variable showed significant difference according to general characteristics of first care giver's death orientation. Although the relation between death orientation of first care giver and quality of life of hospice patient was not statistically significant correlation. In conclusion, while death orientation of first care giver and hospice patient's quality of life are not statistically significant in correlation analysis.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1224-1233
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• 2018

Background/Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of add-on therapy with certolizumab pegol (CZP) in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients of a single ethnicity. Methods: In this 24-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, eligible patients (n = 127) were randomized 2:1 to subcutaneous CZP + methotrexate (MTX; 400 mg at week 0, 2, and 4 followed by 200 mg every 2 weeks) or placebo + MTX. Results: At week 24, the American College of Rheumatology criteria for 20% (ACR20) response rate was significantly greater with CZP + MTX than with placebo (66.7% vs. 27.5%, p < 0.001). Differences in ACR20 response rates for CZP vs. placebo were significant from week 1 (p < 0.05) and remained significant through week 24. The CZP group reported significant improvement in physical function and disability compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001) at week 24, as assessed by Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (KHAQ-DI). Post hoc analysis indicated that the proportion of patients who had ACR70 responses, Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) low disease activity, and DAS28 remission at week 24 was greater in CZP + MTX-treated patients who achieved a decrease in DAS28 ${\geq}1.2$ (43.8%) at week 4 than in nonresponders. Among 18 (22.2%) and 14 patients (35.0%) in CZP and placebo groups who had latent tuberculosis (TB), none developed active TB. Most adverse events were mild or moderate. Conclusions: CZP treatment combined with MTX in active RA patients with moderate to severe disease activity and an inadequate response to MTX resulted in rapid onset of efficacy, which is associated with better clinical outcome at week 24 and has an acceptable safety profile, especially in an intermediate TB-burden population.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.435-447
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• 2019

In order to prevent unnecessary re-admission, it is necessary to intensively manage the groups with high probability of re-admission. For this, it is necessary to develop a re-admission prediction model. Two - year discharge summary data of one university hospital were collected from 2016 to 2017 to develop a predictive model of re-admission. In this case, the re-admitted patients were defined as those who were discharged more than once during the study period. We conducted descriptive statistics and crosstab analysis to identify the characteristics of rehospitalized patients. The re-admission prediction model was developed using logistic regression, neural network, and decision tree. AUC (Area Under Curve) was used for model evaluation. The logistic regression model was selected as the final re-admission predictive model because the AUC was the best at 0.81. The main variables affecting the selected rehospitalization in the logistic regression model were Residental regions, Age, CCS, Charlson Index Score, Discharge Dept., Via ER, LOS, Operation, Sex, Total payment, and Insurance. The model developed in this study was limited to generalization because it was two years data of one hospital. It is necessary to develop a model that can collect and generalize long-term data from various hospitals in the future. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop a model that can predict the re-admission that was not planned.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.611-620
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• 2020

The purpose of the study is to find creativity factors of students in the process of small group modeling and relate them to the types of interactions among students. In order to capture students' detailed interactions, this study was conducted as an 'essential case study' through qualitative analysis. We have developed the modules of nine lessons about terraforming, and they were used in an actual classroom. In order to understand the creativity of the students in the process of modeling, students' discourses and interview data were analyzed using 19 creative factors or abilities. The findings are as follows. Frequently found creativity factors are Elaboration, Evaluation, Visualization, Resist premature closer, Originality, Analysis and Concentration. And students' interactions that affect students' creativity in the process of modeling can be classified into four categories: Suggestion, Agreement, Questioning, Refutation, and Conversion. Through each interaction, students demonstrated the process of expressing and modifying their own thoughts and ideas in the modeling process. The findings of the study suggest that it is important to the teachers to understand types of interactions among students and the relationship between the types of interaction and creativity factors for students' creative modeling in modeling-based learning.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1850-1859
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• 2022

Objective: The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is the most accurate and reliable technique for analysis of gene expression. Endogenous reference genes (RGs) have been used to normalize qPCR data, although their expression may vary in different tissues and experimental conditions. Verification of the stability of RGs in selected samples is a prerequisite for reliable results. Therefore, we attempted to identify the most stable RGs in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in sows. Methods: The cycle threshold values of nine commonly used RGs (18S, HPRT1, GAPDH, RPL4, PPIA, B2M, YWHAZ, ACTB, and SDHA) from HPG axis-related tissues in the domestic sows in the different stages of estrus cycle were analyzed using two RG-finding programs, geNorm and Normfinder, to rank the stability of the pool of RGs. In addition, the effect of the most and least stable RGs was examined by normalization of the target gene, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), in the hypothalamus. Results: PPIA, HPRT1, and YWHAZ were the most stable RGs in the HPG axis-related tissues in sows regardless of the stages of estrus cycle. In contrast, traditional RGs, including 18S and ACTB, were found to be the least stable under these experimental conditions. In particular, in the normalization of GnRH expression in the hypothalamus against several stable RGs, PPIA, HPRT1, and YWHAZ, could generate significant (p<0.05) elevation of GnRH in the preovulatory phase compared to the luteal phase, but the traditional RGs with the least stability (18S and ACTB) did not show a significant difference between groups. Conclusion: These results indicate the importance of verifying RG stability prior to commencing research and may contribute to experimental design in the field of animal reproductive physiology as reference data.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.591-599
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• 2009

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play important roles in nervous system functions and are involved in a variety of diseases. We previously demonstrated that ginsenosides, the active ingredients of Panax ginseng, inhibit subsets of nAChR channel currents, but not ${\alpha}7$, expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Mutation of the highly conserved Leu247 to Thr247 in the transmembrane domain 2 (TM2) channel pore region of ${\alpha}7$ nAChR induces alterations in channel gating properties and converts ${\alpha}7$ nAChR antagonists into agonists. In the present study, we assessed how point mutations in the Leu247 residue leading to various amino acids affect 20(S)-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ ($Rg_3$) activity against the ${\alpha}7$ nAChR. Mutation of L247 to L247A, L247D, L247E, L247I, L247S, and L247T, but not L247K, rendered mutant receptors sensitive to $Rg_3$. We further characterized $Rg_3$ regulation of L247T receptors. We found that $Rg_3$ inhibition of mutant ${\alpha}7$ nAChR channel currents was reversible and concentration-dependent. $Rg_3$ inhibition was strongly voltage-dependent and noncompetitive manner. These results indicate that the interaction between $Rg_3$ and mutant receptors might differ from its interaction with the wild-type receptor. To identify differences in $Rg_3$ interactions between wild-type and L247T receptors, we utilized docked modeling. This modeling revealed that $Rg_3$ forms hydrogen bonds with amino acids, such as Ser240 of subunit I and Thr244 of subunit II and V at the channel pore, whereas $Rg_3$ localizes at the interface of the two wild-type receptor subunits. These results indicate that mutation of Leu247 to Thr247 induces conformational changes in the wild-type receptor and provides a binding pocket for $Rg_3$ at the channel pore.