• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.522-526
• /
• 2009

The catalytic oxidation of 1,2-dichloribenzene (1,2-DCB) and simultaneous catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides over the single catalyst has been investigated over various metals (Ru, Mn, Co and Fe) supported on $Al_2O_3$ and $CeO_{2}$. The activity of the different catalysts for catalytic oxidation of 1,2-dichloribenzene depended on the used metal, Ru/Co/$Al_2O_3$, Mn-Fe/CeO2 and Cr/$Al_2O_3$ (commercial catalysts) being the most actives ones. In the catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene (CB), Ru/Co/$Al_2O_3$ is better than Pt-Pd/$Al_2O_3$, which is the well-known catalyst good for VOC oxidation. Furthermore, it has a good durability on the deactivation by $Cl_2$ and sulfur. For nitrogen oxides (NOx) removal, NOx conversion was 70% at $260^{\circ}C$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.530-535
• /
• 1996

Nitrochlorobenezenes are used as intermediates for dyes, pharmaceuticals and perfumes. By far the most common industrial nitration process employs a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Due to water formed in the reaction, the mixed acid nitration requires subsequent separation of spent acid, mainly dilute sulfuric acid. In the stream of ozone, nitrogen dioxide can be used as a nitrating agent for the nitration of chlorobenzene. With 6eq of $NO_2$ and 1.0eq/hr of ozone flow, the mononitration of chlorobenzene ended within 3hr at $0^{\circ}C$ while the dinitration of chlorobenzene did in 12hr. This method can be employed for the nitration of some aromatic compounds to reduce pollutants from the present mixed-acid process.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.901-906
• /
• 1995

Studies on the chemical constituents from a Korean wild mushroom, Phellinus ribis, were carried out. A triterpenoid, two peroxysterols, and a chlorobenzene compound were isolated from the hexane soluble fraction of the methanol extract of dried fruiting bodies of the basidomycetes. Those compounds identifed were 3-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid (betulinic acid), 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol(ergosterol peroxide), 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol (dehydroperoxyergosterol), and 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dimethoxybenzene. Structural studies were carried out on molecular species of a ceramide and cerebroside isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of the methanol extract. For ceramide, the major component fatty acids were a-hydroxy fatty acid isomers of $C_{22:00}{\sim}C_{25:00};$ the predominant long-chain bases were trihydroxy sphinganine of $C_{17}{\sim}C_{18}$. The structure of a cerebroside containing mono-sugar was assumed that the long-chain base was $C_{19:2}$ sphingadienine; the major fatty acids were $C_{16}{\sim}C_{15}$ ${\alpha}$-hydroxy fatty acid isomers.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.442-447
• /
• 2000

$\alpha$-Functionalized benzylamine(Nu=OAc, OMe, N$_3$) will be very usefud as a starting material or synton in organic synthesis. We have investigated the first synthetic methodology of phthalimide-ben-zylacetate from benzylphthalimide, which are prepared in NBS/NaOAc/HOAc in chlorobenzene at 137$^{\circ}C$ for 12 hr in good yield. Finally, amino(phenyl)methyl acetate (1) was synthesized from phthalimide-benzyl acetate under NH$_2$NH$_2$/HOAC.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.28 no.11
• /
• pp.615-619
• /
• 2018

To produce carbon electrodes for use in perovskite solar cells, electrode samples are prepared by mixing various weight ratios of 35 nm nano carbon(NC) and $1{\mu}m$ graphite flakes(GF), GF/(NC+GF) = 0, 0.5, 0.7, and 1, in chlorobenzene(CB) solvent with a $ZrO_2$ binder. The carbon electrodes are fabricated as glass/FTO/carbon electrode devices for microstructure characterization using transmission electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and a field emission scanning electron microscopy. The electrical characterization is performed with a four-point probe and a multi tester. The microstructure characterization shows that an electrode with excellent attachment to the substrate and no surface cracks at weight ratios above 0.5. The electrical characterization results show that the sheet resistance is <$70{\Omega}/sq$ and the interface resistance is <$70{\Omega}$ at weight ratios of 0.5 and 0.7. Therefore, a carbon paste electrode with microstructure and electrical properties similar to those of commercial carbon electrodes is proposed with an appropriate mixing ratio of NC and GF containing a CB solvent and $ZrO_2$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2012.08a
• /
• pp.366-366
• /
• 2012

무기물 나노입자를 포함한 유기 박막인 나노 복합체를 사용하여 제작한 비휘발성 메모리 소자는 공정의 간단함과 낮은 전력구동이 가능하다는 장점 때문에 차세대 비휘발성 메모리 소자로 각광받고 있다. 다양한 나노입자를 포함한 유기 박막을 사용한 비휘발성 메모리 소자에 대한 연구는 많이 진행되었지만, 코어-쉘 나노입자가 poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) 유기 박막에 분산되어 있는 나노 복합체를 활성층으로 사용하여 제작한 비휘발성 유기 메모리 소자의 전기적 특성과 메모리 메커니즘에 대한 연구는 비교적 미미하다. 본 연구에서는 코어-쉘 나노 입자가 PMMA 박막 안에 분산되어 있는 나노복합체를 사용한 비휘발성 메모리 소자를 제작하여 전기적 특성, 정보 유지력 및 메모리 스위칭 동작에 대하여 관찰 하였다. 소자 제작을 위해 hexane 안에 들어 있는 코어-쉘 나노입자를 Chlorobenzene에 용해되어 있는 PMMA에 넣어 초음파 교반기를 사용하여 나노입자를 고르게 분산하였다. 코어-쉘 나노입자가 PMMA에 고르게 분산 된 용액을 전극으로 사용 할 Indium-tin-oxide가 성장된 glass 위에 스핀코팅을 한 후 열처리를 하여 용매를 제거한 후 코어-쉘 입자가 PMMA에 분산되어 있는 박막을 형성하였다. 코어-쉘 입자가 PMMA에 분산된 나노복합체 위에 Al을 상부전극으로 열 증착하여 비휘발성 메모리 소자를 제작하였다. 제작된 소자의 전류-전압 (I-V) 특성을 측정결과는 특정한 두께에서 낮은 전도도 (ON state)와 높은 전도도 (OFF state)가 존재하는 쌍안정성 특성을 확인하였다. 코어-쉘 나노입자가 포함되지 않은 소자에서는 쌍안정성 특성이 보이지 않아 코어-쉘 나노입자가 비휘발성 메모리 소자의 기억 특성을 나타내는 중요한 저장 매체가 됨을 알 수 있었다. 제작된 메모리 소자의 메모리 동작에 대한 메커니즘 설명은 I-V와 에너지 밴드 구조를 사용하여 설명할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.843-851
• /
• 1995

To observe the effect of Demodex canis infection on the cellular immune response and hematological profile, 8 Doberman pinschers experimentally infected with D cains and 4 uninfected control dogs were sensitized with 2, 4-dinitro-chlorobenzene(DNCB) on the skin and were challenged with DNCB 14 days after the initial sensitization to elicit allergic contact dermatitis. Histological and hematological changes of these dogs were then observed. Macroscopic changes of skin challenged with DNCB in D canis-infected dogs included significantly reduced area of allergic reaction(p<0.05) than in uninfected control group. Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the D canis-infected group was also significantly reduced(p<0.05) than in the uninfected control group. These changes indicated that the cell-mediated immune response of the animals was suppressed by the infection with D canis. Total white blood cell count in dogs infected with D canis was increased when dogs were sensitized with DNCB (p<0.01). The result appeared to be caused by stress due to D canis infection, secondary bacterial infection and decreased efficacy of general body defense system. Blood eosionophils were increased in D canis-infected dogs which appreared to be caused by the allergic contact dermatitis. Blood chemistry analysis revealed that total protein and globulin were increased(p<0.05), while albumin level was decreased. This result appeared to be caused by secondary bacterial infection.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.698-703
• /
• 1998

The pervaporation experiments of aqueous solutions of trichloroethylene (TCE) and chlorobenzene (CB) through the silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) membrane were carried out and the effect of concentration polarization on the separation characteristics was investigated. The resistance-in-series model was used to explain the boundary layer resistance. It was clear that the concentration polarization phenomenon had a significant effect on the permeation behavior in the pervaporation separation of the trace organic chlorides from aqueous solutions. With the same membrane thickness, the permeation of TCE, which has a stronger affinity for the PDMS, appeared to be more influenced by the boundary layer resistance than that of CB. The effect of boundary layer resistance was reduced and the membrane resistance became dominant with increasing membrane thickness at a given hydrodynamic condition. The separation factor was increased to approach the intrinsic separation factor of the membrane with its thickness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2016.02a
• /
• pp.323-323
• /
• 2016

솔루션 공정을 이용하여 제작된 유기물 나노 입자를 포함한 유기물 나노 복합재료를 기반으로 제작한 비휘발성 메모리 소자들은 저렴한 가격, 간단한 공정, 저전력 소비의 장점으로 차세대 메모리 소자로서 많은 연구가 진행 되고 있다. 비휘발성 메모리 소자는 poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) 층과 polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSSQ)와 graphene quantum dots (GQD)를 혼합한 층을 사용 하여 구성하였다. 세척된 indium-tin-oxide (ITO) 기판 위에 혼합된 PMSSQ/GQD를 스핀코팅 방법으로 증착한 후 열처리 하였다. Chlorobenzene 속에서 혼합된 P3HT를 스핀코팅 방법으로 증착한 후 열처리 하였다. 알루미늄 전극을 상부 전극으로 증착하였다. 제작된 소자의 300 K에서의 전류-전압을 측정 결과는 윈도우 마진이 크게 나오는 것을 알 수 있었다. 누설전류의 감소와 내구성 및 유지성에 대한 성질을 특정한 결과 소자가 안정적으로 동작하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.209-218
• /
• 1998

Chlorobenzenes (CBs) and chlorophenols (CPs) in fly ashy discharged from several municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) were investigated in terms of total content and isomer distribution. The content of CBs and CPs was highest in the fly ash from S incinerator, which were 1040.7ng CB/g-fly ash and 1156.4 ng CP/g-fly ash. According to the experimental results, while all samples contained a large amount of the higher chlorinated CBs, was almost constant regardless of season. The quantities of CBs and CPs depended closely on the chemical composition of MSW. while the isomer distribution of CBs and CPs was constant throughout all the year round.