• Computers and Concrete
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.421-435
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• 2010

This paper utilizes the modified Davis model and the mode coupling theory, as parts of the electrolyte solution theory, to investigate the diffusivity of the ion in concrete. Firstly, a computational model of the ion diffusion coefficient, which is associated with ion species, pore solution concentration, concrete mix parameters including water-cement ratio and cement volume fraction, and microstructure parameters such as the porosity and tortuosity, is proposed in the saturated concrete. Secondly, the experiments, on which the chloride diffusion coefficient is measured by the rapid chloride penetration test, have been carried out to investigate the validity of the proposed model. The results indicate that the chloride diffusion coefficient obtained by the proposed model is in agreement with the experimental result. Finally, numerical simulation has been completed to investigate the effects of the porosity, tortuosity, water-cement ratio, cement volume fraction and ion concentration in the pore solution on the ion diffusion coefficients. The results show that the ion diffusion coefficient in concrete increases with the porosity, water-cement ratio and cement volume fraction, while we see a decrease with the increasing of tortuosity. Meanwhile, the ion concentration produces more obvious effects on the diffusivity itself, but has almost no effects on the other ions.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.7-8
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• 2017

Corrosion of reinforced concrete embedded in concrete is a deterioration phenomenon due to intrusion of embodied or Airborne chloride ions. Corrosion of a embedded steel increases the volume of the rebar and causes damage to the structure such as cracking and peeling of the concrete. This causes penetration of various corrosive factors and accelerates the corrosion of reinforcing bars, which has a serious effect on the durability of the structure. Researches on the corrosion phenomenon of these rebars by electrochemical methods have been carried out for a long time, but it is a lack of research in Korea. Therefore, in this study, one of electrochemical experimental methods, Tafel extrapolation method, was used to evaluate the performance of reinforcing bars according to the amount of NaCl and LiNO₂ added to concrete.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2020

To reduce structural weight, light metals, including aluminum and magnesium alloys, have been widely used in various industries such as aircraft, transportation and automobiles. Recently, composite materials such as Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) and Graphite Epoxy Composite Material (GECM) have also been applied. However, aluminum and its alloys suffer corrosion from various factors, which include aggressive ions, pH, solution temperature and galvanic contact by potential difference. Moreover, carbon fiber in CFRP and GECM is a very efficient cathode, and very noble in the galvanic series. Galvanic contact between carbon fiber composites and metals in electrolytes such as rain or seawater, is highly undesirable. Notwithstanding the potentially dangerous effects of chloride and temperature, there is little research on galvanic corrosion according to chloride concentration and temperature. This work focused on the effects of chloride concentration and solution temperature on AA7075T6. The increased galvanic corrosion between CRFP and AA7075T6 was evaluated by electrochemical experiments, and these effects were elucidated.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was undertaken to identify fibrinolytic proteases from Gloydius blomhoffii siniticus venom and to characterize a major fibrinolytic protease purified from the venom. Methods : The venom was subjected to chromatography using columns of Q-Sepharose and Sephadex G-75. The molecular weights of fibrinolytic proteases showing fibrinolytic zone in fibrin plate assay were determined in SDS-PAGE (Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) The effects of inhibitors and metal ions on fibrinolytic protease and the proteolysis patterns of fibrinogen, gelatin, and bovine serum albumin were investigated. Results : 1) The fibrinolytic fractions of the three peaks isolated from Gloydius blomhoffii siniticus venom contained two polypeptides of 46 and 59 kDa and three polypeptides of 32, 18, and 15 kDa and a major polypeptide of 54 kDa, respectively. 2) The fibrinolytic activity of the purified protease of 54 kDA was inhibited by metal chelators, such as EDTA, EGTA, and 1,10-phenanthroline, and disulfhydryl-reducing compounds, such as dithiothreitol and cysteine. 3) Calcium chloride promoted the fibrinolytic activity of the protease, but mercuric chloride and cobalt(II) chloride inhibited it. 4) The fibrinolytic protease cleaved preferentially A${\alpha}$-chain and slowly B${\beta}$-chain of fibrinogen. It also hydrolyzed gelatin but not bovine serum albumin. Conclusions : The Gloydius blomhoffii siniticus venom contained more than three fibrinolytic proteases. The major fibrinolytic protease was a metalloprotease which hydrolyzed both fibrinogen and gelatin, but not bovine serum albumin.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2014

To investigate the solute pattern of salt marsh plants in Suncheon Bay in Korea, plants and soil samples were collected at three sites from July to September 2011. The soil pH around the investigated species was weakly alkaline, 6.9-8.1. The total ion and Cl- content of site 1 gradually increased, while those of site 2 and site 3 were lowest in August and highest in September. The exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $K^+$ in the soil were relatively constant during the study period, but the soil exchangeable $Na^+$ content was variable. Carex scabrifolia and Phragmites communis had constant leaf water content and very high concentrations of soluble carbohydrates during the study period. However, Suaeda malacosperma and S. japonica had high leaf water content and constant very low soluble carbohydrate concentrations. Carex scabrifolia accumulated similar amounts of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ ions in its leaves. Phragmites communis contained a high concentration of $K^+$ ions. Suada japonica and S. malacosperma had more $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ ions than $K^+$ ions in their leaves. Suaeda japonica had higher levels of glycine betaine in its leaves under saline conditions than C. scabrifolia and P. communis. Consequently, the physiological characteristics of salt marsh chenopodiaceous plants (S. japonica and S. malacosperma) were the high storage capacity for inorganic ions (especially alkali cations and chloride) and accumulation of glycine betaine, but monocotyledonous plant species (C. scabrifolia and P. communis) showed high $K^+$concentrations, efficient regulation of ionic uptake, and accumulation of soluble carbohydrates. These characteristics might enable salt marsh plants to grow in saline habitats.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.434-438
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• 1973

메탄올, 에탄올, 이소프로판올, 아세톤 및 디메틸술폭사이드와 물과의 혼합용매에서 니켈(II), 카드뮴(II), 아연(II) 및 수은(II)의 분배계수(C)를 Rexyn 101(나트륨형) 이온교환수지와 0.2M 염화나트륨용리액을 써서 측정하였다. 금속이온의 logC 값은 혼합용매의 유전상수의 역수에 따라 직선적으로 감소하였다. 그리고 금속이온의 분배계수는 같은 유전상수를 가진 비양성자성 유기분자와의 혼합용매에서는 유기분자의 염기도가 증가할수록, 그리고 양성자성 유기분자와의 혼합용매에서는 유기분자의 크기가 작을수록 감소하였다. 측정된 분배계수값으로부터 착화제의 첨가없이 염화나트륨이 0.2M 인 40%메탄올 용리액과 70% 에탄올 용리액을 단계적으로 사용하여 금속 이온들을 정량적을 분리할 수 있음을 알았다.

• 분석과학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2012

염화물 고정화능력의 중요성에도 불구하고 고정화능력을 측정하는 것은 어려우며 특히, 이미 건설되어 공용중인 구조물에서는 더욱 어렵다. 실제로 고정염화물을 측정하는 과정은 온도, 시료의 분말도, 공극수 추출기법 등과 같은 환경적 요인에 의해 큰 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 X-선 회절분석법(XRD; X-ray diffraction)을 이용하여 콘크리트 내 염화물 이온의 고정화능력을 정량화하는 방법에 대해 중점을 두고 연구를 진행하였다. 염화물의 고정능력 isotherm은 물/시멘트비, 양생기간, 결합재 종류에 영향을 받으며 Langmuir isotherm 을 통하여 일단 결정된 고정염화물(Friedel 염)은 XRD를 이용하여 동시에 분석을 진행한다. XRD 그래프에서 나타난 고정염화물량의 피크 강도와 측정된 고정염화물의 총량의 관계를 결정한다. 결과적으로 양생기간이 증가될수록, 물/시멘트비가 감소될수록 고정화 능력은 증가하였다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.600-608
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• 2022

이 연구는 전기영동확산시험을 이용하여 이중층수산화물(LDH)을 혼입한 균열이 있는 자기치유 시멘트 모르타르의 염화물 침투 저항성을 평가하여 LDH가 자기치유 콘크리트의 치유 효과에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 실험결과에 따르면 자기치유물질만 혼입한 경우와 자기치유물질과 Ca-Al LDH를 함께 혼입한 경우 균열 발생 직후 영동확산계수는 대부분 OPC 배합에 비해 더 컸지만, 치유재령이 경과할수록 OPC 보다 더 큰 폭으로 영동확산계수가 감소하며, Ca-Al LDH를 함께 혼입한 경우가 자가치유 물질만 혼입한 경우보다 영동확산계수 감소가 더 크게 나타나 더 높은 자기치유 성능을 보였다. 이는 균열면에 자기치유 반응생성물이 증가하면서 균열 내부에서 LDH에 의한 염소이온의 구속작용이 더 커진다는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권2_2호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2022

Deterioration in durability of structures due to the steel corrosion is difficult to determine whether or not corrosion is initiated and how much propagated, and moreover, repair and maintenance are not easy to deal with. Therefore, preventive treatments can be the best option to avoid the deterioration. Various methods for preventing corrosion of steel, such as electrochemical treatments, anti-corrosion agents and steel surface coatings, are being developed, but economic and environmental aspects make it difficult to apply them to in-situ field. Thus, the purpose of this study was to improve corrosion resistance by using CA-based clinker that are relatively simple and expected to be economically profitable Existing CA-based clinkers had problems such as flash setting and low strength development during the initial hydration process, but in order to solve this problem, CA clinker with low initial reactivity were used as binder in this study. The cement paste used in the experiments was replaced with CA₂ clinker for 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% in OPC. And the mixture used in the chloride binding test for the extraction of water-soluble chloride was intermixed with Cl- 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of binder content. To evaluate characteristic of hydration heat evolution, calorimetry analysis was performed and simultaneously chloride binding capacity and acid neutralization capacity were carried out. The identification of hydration products with curing ages was verified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The free chloride extraction test showed that the chlorine ion holding ability improved in order OC 10 > OC 30 > OC 20 > OC 0 and the pH drop resistance test showed that the resistance capability in pH 12 was OC 0 > OA 10 > OA 20 > OA 30. The XRD analyses showed that AFm phase, which can affect the ability to hold chlorine ions, tended to increase when CA₂ was mixed, and that in pH12 the content of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), which indicates pH-low resistance, decreased as CA₂ was mixed

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2011

PVC 및 PVDC 재질의 식품포장에 잔류할 수 있는 원료물질인 VC 및 VDC를 PLOT Q 컬럼이 장착된 headspace-GC/MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. VC 및 VDC 각각에 대하여 m/z=61, 62, 64 및 m/z=61, 96, 98 이온을 선택 이온으로 하여 분석하였으며, 내부표준 물질로는 1-CP를 사용하였다. 분석법 검증결과 본 연구에서 도입한 분석법은 유럽연합의 재질규격 시험에 적합하였으며, 국내유통 PVC 및 PVDC 재질의 식품 포장 103 품목에 대한 분석 결과, PVDC 식품포장 1건에서 재질 중 VDC가 검출되었으나, 이는 유럽연합에서 설정하고 있는 재질규격 이내에 드는 미미한 수준이었으며, 나머지 모든 시료에서는 VC 및 VDC가 검출되지 않았다.