• 건축역사연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2017

Module coordination(分數), which is crucially relevant to plan shape of a fortress and the location of its gates and chis(雉, protruding posts), have not been thoroughly studied, despite its importance in fortress system. While plan shape of Goryeo fortress features orderly placement of gates and chis, under medium-sized J oseon fortress doesn't follow it strictly. As a result, fortresses with various plan shapes greatly outnumber those of Goryeo. Especially, Gimhaeeupseong Fortress, which is a large-scale town wall, shows such a complicated plan shape, making it difficult to figure out its modular coordination. Presumably, the reason for J oseon fortress' complicated plan shapes, which doesn't follow the orderly modular coordination, is thought to be in its various geographical conditions. Also, it seems that the building of fortress with such various and complicated plan shapes was to deter enemies from intruding by confusing them. And various plan shapes of fortress are also figured out to be pertinent to street system of towns and positions of public offices.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4795-4800
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• 2014

Background: Few studies have directly compared clinical efficacy and safety among Chinese herb injections (CHIs) for gastric cancer (GC). The present study aimed to compare CHIs combined with FOLFOX regimens for GC to show which provides the best CHIs results. Materials and Methods: 9 electronic databases and 6 gray literature databases were comprehensive searched in April 20, 2013. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently selected and assessed the included trials. The risk of bias tool described in the Cochrane Handbook version 5.1.0 and CONSORT statement were used to assess the quality of the trials. All calculations and graphs were performed and produced using ADDIS 1.16.5 software. Results: A total of 541 records were searched and 38 RCTs met the inclusion criteria (2,761 participants), involving 10 CHIs. The results of network meta-analysis showed that compared with FOLFOX alone, combinations with Kanglaite, Astragalus polysaccharides, Cinobufacini, or Yadanziyouru injections could furthest strengthen ORR, improve the quality of life, reduce nausea and vomiting, and reduce the incidence of leukopenia (III-IV). Conclusions: Kanglaite injection, Astragalus polysaccharides injection, Yadanziyouru injection were superior to other CHIs in clinical efficacy and safety for GC. The conclusions now need to be confirmed by large sample size direct head-to-head studies.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2009

Objectives: Although Asian immigrants have lower rates of smoking and binge drinking than other ethnics in the US, Korean Americans have the highest rate of Asian immigrants. This study, therefore, compared with the rates and examined the predictors of smoking and binge drinking by gender and ethnicity among Asian immigrants in California. Methods: In 2001 and 2003, California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) were conducted in English and their original languages with Asian immigrants residing in 58 Counties and 3 Cities, California. We performed analysis to find out the differences of smoking and binge drinking rates using the secondary data, CHIS 2001 and 2003. Multiple logistic regression analysis for survey data identified predictors of smoking and binge drinking behaviors by gender and ethnicity. Results: Korean American males (35.4%) and Japanese American females (15.4%) had higher rates of smoking prevalence compared with other Asian immigrants in California. In binge drinking, 26.5% of male and 8.1% of female among Korean Americans were binge drinker, and the rates were the top with Asian Americans who had lived in California. It showed the remarkable gap between gender of smoking and binge drinking among Vietnamese immigrants, whereas not the striking difference among Japanese Americans. In multiple regression models, age, educational level, occupation, marital status, English proficiency, and health insurance coverage remained significant for smoking and binge drinking behaviors(P<0.05). Even though the time in the US was not significant, it seemed to be related to educational level and English proficiency. In particular among female, smoking and binge drinking behaviors were associated with acculturation. Conclusion: Although Asian Americans had shared with American culture since they had immigrated in the US, they had significantly different prevalence rates of smoking and binge drinking based on gender and ethnicity. Therefore, future efforts should be focused on understanding differences by ethnicity and target at high-risk subgroups. To achieve this, it needs to develop the educational materials in Korean and their original languages.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

Objectives: This study purports to comparatively study health condition, health behaviors, and health care utilization of Koreans living in Korea and in the US, and then, to analyze the factors influencing them. Methods: The collected data were analyzed on the basis of the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Of 25,196 adults aged 19 or older, 7,802 respondents to health behavior survey and 5,526 respondents to physical examination survey. The analyzed data of the Korean Americans were the results of the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) conducted by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research in 2005. This study analyzed the responses of 645 known Korean respondents to the 2005 CHIS. Results: In regard to differences in overall health condition between the two groups, it was found that both the male and female Korean Americans thought their own overall health conditions were relatively poor compared to Koreans, especially in relation to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. For smoking status considered as one of health behavior factors, smokers of the Koreans account for 46.1% which is higher than that of the Korean Americans and the proportion of the Koreans smoking daily is also at least two times higher than that of the Korean Americans. Similarly, for alcohol drinking, the Koreans showed higher drinking experience rate and no less than three times higher drinking frequency than that of Korean Americans. Conclusion: It is expected that this study will contribute greatly to solving health problems among foreign immigrants and overseas Koreans in future by clarifying any differences in health status and health behaviors resulting from sociocultural differences despite of similar genetic factors.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2003

23 cap beams on the 1 Km length jetty bridge in Shin-da power plant (Taipower co., Taiwan) utilize far-end telecontrol cathodic protection technology which is the first case ever used in Taiwan. The system comprises cathodic protection system and te1econtrol monitoring system. The control and monitoring such as protection current adjustment, protection potential and depolarization measurement of the 23 cap beams can be adjusted through system telecontrol operations. Thereby allows monitoring and control of the 23 anode zones in a convenient and cost effective way. This system is at present still in its best running condition since Sept. 1997 when it was completed. All the 23 cap beams can achieve the 100 mV depolarization potential criteria of protection. It meet the specifications of reinforced concrete cathodic protection standard and proved to be very excellent.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.105-129
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• 2013

Recently, since the interest with well-being has been getting higher than ever, people want reliable source of information related with health and medical treatment. Because of the characteristics of information related with medical care, there have been difficulties to find the information from books, television and internet surfing, for treating disease. Misinformation that can be obtained when considering dangerous situations or side effects, the role of the e-Health system is becoming more important. The objective of this study is an analysis of correlation and effect among patient's information need, e-Health system use and system outcome. To achieve the object of this study, e-Health system had been given to patients of breast cancer in Wisconsin and Detroit for 16 weeks. As a result, 282 sample was gathered and modified to meet purpose of the study. As a result, the information needs of patients due to the performance of the e-Health systems and shown to affect even the perception of patients' emotional and physical health and social support.

• 철학연구
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• 제117권
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• pp.1-33
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• 2011

플라톤의 정치사상은 <국가>, <정치가>, <법률>이라는 세 대화편에서 전개된다. 당시의 혼란스런 정치적 상황에서, 그는 모든 시민이 행복할 수 있는 '정의로운 나라'를 염원하면서 <국가>에서 이상국가의 설계도를 제시한다. 그런데 이상적인 나라의 핵심요소는 철인왕이다. 플라톤은 철학적 이성과 통치 권력이 결합되지 않는 한, '아름다운 나라'가 건설될 수 없다고 믿었기 때문이다. <국가>에서 보여준 그의 형이상학, 영혼론, 교육론 등은 모두 이 철인왕 통치를 위해서 동원된 수단들이다. 다시 말해 철인왕 안에서 그의 모든 철학적 이론들이 용해되어 있다. 그러나 현실적으로 이러한 이상적 통치자의 등장이 불가능에 가까우므로, <정치가>의 과도기를 거쳐 <법률>에서 법률로 다스려지는 차선의 국가를 모색하게 된다. 그렇다면 플라톤은 이상국가의 꿈을 완전히 저버렸는가, 아니면 완전한 실현은 아닐지라도 법을 통해 이에 근접하고자 했는가? 또한 통치자와 법은 상호대립의 관계에 있는가, 아니면 상호 보완의 관계에 있는가? 이러한 문제들을 본 논문에서 고찰하고자 하며, 마지막으로 플라톤의 이상국가와 철인왕을 성경의 저자들이 증거 하는 하나님나라 및 예수와 비교하고자 한다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.67-82
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze how the different lifestyles between Koreans and Korean Americans have significant effects on their health. Despite being the same race, Koreans and Korean Americans have different health conditions and health attitudes due to the acquired environmental factors such as social-economic factors, lifestyle risk factors, healthcare systems, and medical utilization. It is crucial to examine how the different lifestyle habits between Koreans and Korean Americans lead to various health conditions for establishing an effective health promotion policy. Methods: In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea and CHIS data of the United States in 2005 and 2015 to provide valuable insights when establishing such a policy. Results: The specific research purpose is as follows: First, socioeconomic factors, such as (1)living habits risk factors, (2)health satisfaction levels, (3)disease outbreaks, and (4)medical uses, are analyzed to find the distinct characteristics among Koreans, Korean Americans, and Americans. Second, the three groups --Koreans, Korean Americans, and Americans-- were compared based on their exposure to disease-related lifestyle risk factors related to their body mass index and their general health condition. The research results are as follows: First, all three groups improved health conditions in 2015 better than in 2005. Koreans maintained relatively higher general health conditions compared to other groups: their prevalence rate of chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and asthma was lower than that of U.S. residents. Second, in regards to health behavior factors, the lifetime smoking experience for Koreans and Americans both decreased in 2015 compared to 2005, while the lifetime smoking experience for Korean Americans increased slightly. The number of smokers for Koreans has greatly decreased over a decade while that of Americans has moderately increased. Third, according to the results of the multiple regression, the general health conditions, which is a dependent variable, suggests that the number of men who answered they are healthy is greater than that of women in Korea, compared to the United States. Conclusions: In conclusion, the acquired environmental factors had more significant impacts on health than the racial factors did. Compared to 2005, the health behaviors and health levels of Korean Americans in 2015 gradually became more similar to those of Americans.

• 대한간호
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.62-76
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• 1992

The intent of chis descriptive study is to investigale lhe patients perceived effect and expectance of activity therapy. The subjects for this study were 56 patients from the psychiatric ward in Severance Hospital. The data were collected during Lhe period from June 1, 1991 to January 18, 1992. The effect and expectance of the activity therapy was measured using a questionnaire developed by this study's investigators. The date were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test ancl one-way ANOVA, using the SPSS program. The results of this study can ue summarized as following ; 1. For motivatiorc for the accivity therapy, the response range was from 64.;] % to 89.3 %, that is, it showed a relatively positive response. 2. For the degree of improvement according to the nurse's method in the activity therapy, it was shown that the nurses need professional skill and meeting after activity therapy. 3. For the relevance of the nurse in the activity therapy, 90 % of the subjects had a positive answer for all of the activity therapy except the painting therapy. 4. For the perceived effect of the activity therapy, the following results were obtained. 1) 92% of the subjects had a positive response to the dance therapy, that is-I am vigorous physically. 2) 90 % of the subjects had a positive response to the reading therapy, that is-I acquire good ideas and instruction. 3) 98.1 % of the subjects had a positive response to the recreation therapy, that is-I am joyful. 4) 88.9% of the subjects had a posilive response to the writing therapy, that is-I am interested and become acquainted with other patients. 5) 86.8 % of tbe subjects had a positive response to the occupation therapy, that is-I am happy when I work. 6) 92.6 % of the subjeccs had a positive response to lhe painting therapy, that is-I can express myself in painting. 7) 87.3% of the subjects had a positive response to the musie therapy, that is-I am comforted. 5. For the expectance related to the activity therapy, 97.1 % the subjects had the most postive response to the music therapy which is a pleasant comfortable time. From the above-mentioned findings, it is suggested that psychiatric nurses need to development systematic and professional group activity therapy, and know the patient premorbid hobbies, interests and occupations.

• 철학연구
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• 제117권
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• pp.85-111
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• 2011

이 글은 먼저 로스코의 회화에 대한 지젝의 해석을 비판적으로 이해하는데 목표를 두고 있다. 지젝은 로스코의 그림들을 '현실(reality)'과 '실재(the real)' 사이에서 거리를 유지하려는 화가 내면의 투쟁의 표현으로 파악한다. 그런데 로스코의 마지막 회화는 이 균형이 무너져 실재가 현실을 삼켜버려 그가 자폐적 공간에 점점 빠져드는 상태를 드러내고 있다. 이러한 지젝의 해석은 앞의 두 주요 개념들에 대한 이해에서 시작되어야 한다. 그런데 지젝은 라깡에 의존하여 이 개념들 및 그림과 실재의 관계를 다루기 때문에, 우선 라깡의 그림 이론, 그리고 '대상 a'와 '실재'의 연관에 대해 먼저 검토할 필요가 있다. 라깡은 주체 중심의 시각이론을 비판하고 주체가 오히려 외부의 응시에 의해 구성되는 그림의 일부가 되는 시각이론을 펼친다. 그런데 그 그림에는 상징적 질서로써는 접근할 수 없는 부재가 존재하고 그를 메우는 얼룩, 왜상 등이 존재한다. 라깡은 이것을 응시 너머에 있는 대상 a와 연결지운다. 그리고 대상 a는 다시 실재와 연관된다. 곧 대상 a로서 실재는 상징화에도 불구하고 남게 되는 실재의 잔여, 곧 상징적 질서 속의 공백, 결여인 동시에 그 부재를 덮어씌워 가리는 것이다. 우리는 외상, 얼룩, 왜상 등을 통해 실재의 구체적 속성을 가정할 수 있으니 원초적 향락과 죽음충동이 그것이다. 다음으로 라깡적 실재의 난입으로 상징적 현실이 허물어지고 자아가 속수무책으로 무너지면 주체에게는 현실 내의 어떤 내용으로써도 대응할 수 없는 무의미나 허무가 밀어닥친다는 지젝의 지적은 적절하다. 그래서 그에게 주체의 진정한 정체성은 '텅빔'이다. 그러나 이어 윌버가 제시하는 의식의 수준들에 대한 구분을 참조함으로써 지젝적 공허가 그 수준들 내에서 어떤 위치에 있는지를 검토한 다음, 공허 혹은 텅빔의 체험에도 자아가 어느 수준에 고착해 있느냐에 따라 차이가 있음을 보여주었다. 그리고 끝으로 로스코의 회화이미지는 실존적 자아의 한계에, 즉 자아와 자아초월 사이의 경계에서 어떤 울림을 발산하고 있으며, 그래서 명상적 순간과도 이어진다. 말하자면 라깡적 실재가 자신을 드러내는 어떤 양태에 대해서도 그 속에 함몰되어 잠겨버리지 않고 오히려 주시하여 포옹하고 넘어서려는 어떤 사건이 일어나고 그 과정에서 궁극에는 라깡적 실재조차도 무화되는 곳, 곧 또 다른 텅 빔, '공(空, Emptyness)'에 이르게 된다. 우리는 이것 역시 실재(R3)라고 불러야 하는데, 그것 역시 상징적 질서로써는 표현할 수 없고 의미화 할 수 없기 때문이다. 그리고 상징적 질서에 의해 표출되지만 또한 그 너머에 존재하기 때문이다. 그런데 이 실재는 라깡적 실재와는 다르다. 그것은 단순히 전언어적인 비규정적 사물도 아니며, 자아를 와해시켜 비극적 퇴행으로 환원시켜버리는 실재도 아니기 때문이다. 오히려 이 실재는 초언어적이고, 자아의 지대를 넘어서 있는 열린 공간과 연관된다. 이제 로스코의 회화에서 우리가 관조적 명상에 자연스럽게 이행되는 것은 단순히 현실 속에서 새로운 다른 위안을 얻기 위해서가 아니라, 곧 라깡적 주체를 초월하고자 하는 다른 추동력, 곧 고통 속의 자아를 넘어서려는 자아초월적 충동 때문이다. 그리고 이 명상적 관조가 자아초월적 충동에 의해 유발되는 초월의 매개이자 수단이다. 이 매개를 통해 우리는 자아의 경계를 넘어선 자아초월의 지대로 들어서게 되고 종국에는 궁극의 텅빔, 공에 이른다.