• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

Recently, plenty of imported Chinese Mungbean is sold, for Korean Mungbean is expensive. But they say, Chinese Mungean has less delicacy and cooking quality. Above all, in comparison with Korean and Chinese Mungbeans properties they are different - Chinese Mungbean grain is twice in dimension, Chinese Mungbean is white and Korean one is yellow in peeled grain color. They are similar in size shape with the microscope. With Amylograph of Brabender the viscosity of Korean Mungbean is gradually and continually increased until heating from $25^{\circ}C$ to $92.5^{\circ}C$ and cooling to $25^{\circ}C$ again, but the one of Chines Mungbean is increased suddenly in 74$^{\circ}C$ and shows the abrupt break-down phenomenon. This same phenomenon is shown in swelling with melting-pointer, In $25^{\circ}C$, the cooling temperature, Chinese Mungbean is measured to 1400 B.U and Korean one 1600 B.U. With color-meter of Richard S. Hunter, 12% gel of Korean Mungbean starch is clear but Chinese one white. The texture of 12% gel of Chinese Mungbean starch with Rheo-meter becomes hardened much more than Korea one. As a result of sensory-test, color, cohesiveness, and flavors of Korean gel is preferred overwhelmingly.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.55-66
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• 2020

Purpose: For bakery retailers that want to enter the Chinese market, this study seeks to draw implications through the analysis of Paris Baguette, Paul Bakery and local competitors. In particular, the study analyzes entry strategies, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the companies. Research design, data and methodology: This study analyzed the Chinese bakery industry and overviewed the policy of bakery industry. The research method utilized Chinese Statistical Yearbook of Food Industry and literature related to Chinese bakery industry. Additionally, this study used case analysis methods for foreign and local bakery enterprises in the bakery industry. Results: During the rapid growth of bakery industry, Paris Baguette made a successful settlement by utilizing localization strategy; while on the contrary, Paul Bakery took a standardization strategy and failed in the Chinese market. Conclusions: Paris Baguette succeeded in launching localized products after thoroughly analyzing products that suit local tastes in China. However, Paul Bakery has been knocked out of the Chinese market for failing to capture the taste of the Chinese people by launching standardized products that reproduce French culture and taste. As such, the Chinese market is huge and differences exist in different provinces, so standardization and localization strategies should be appropriately utilized.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.26-30
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• 2015

Purpose-This paper aims to do research on success and failure of Chinese enterprises and suggest the implications to the Chinese enterprises by comparing the representative examples of Chinese enterprises' overseas M&A. Research Design, Data, and Methodology-This paper selected by six cases of Chinese enterprises' overseas M&A to do the contrast. Results-Consulting company still plays a very important role in Chinese enterprises' overseas M&A because Chinese enterprises' overseas M&A is being placed in growth stage. And how to grasp the development trend of industry accurate and choose the correct target enterprises is a very important issue for Chinese enterprises which can make Chinese enterprises to avoid blind investment. Conclusion-Chinese Enterprises have to evaluate the target enterprise with the aid of authoritative investment and consulting company, focus on training qualified talents and the integration after the M&A when they Overseas M&A in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1066-1074
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• 2015

In contrast to high genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), equine Y chromosome shows extremely low variability, implying limited patrilines in the domesticated horse. In this study, we applied direct sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods to investigate the polymorphisms of 33 Y chromosome specific loci in 304 Chinese indigenous horses from 13 breeds. Consequently, two Y-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Y-45701/997 and Y-50869) and one Y-indel (Y-45288) were identified. Of those, the Y-50869 (T>A) revealed the highest variation frequency (24.67%), whereas it was only 3.29% and 1.97% in Y-45288 (T/-) and Y-45701/997 (G>T) locus, respectively. These three mutations accounted for 27.96% of the total samples and identified five Y-SNP haplotypes, demonstrating genetic diversity of Y chromosome in Chinese horses. In addition, all the five YSNP haplotypes were shared by different breeds. Among 13 horse breeds analyzed, Balikun horse displayed the highest nucleotide diversity (${\pi}=5.6{\times}10^{-4}$) and haplotype diversity (h = 0.527), while Ningqiang horse showed the lowest nucleotide diversity (${\pi}=0.00000$) and haplotype diversity (h = 0.000). The results also revealed that Chinese horses had a different polymorphic pattern of Y chromosome from European and American horses. In conclusion, Chinese horses revealed genetic diversity of Y chromosome, however more efforts should be made to better understand the domestication and paternal origin of Chinese indigenous horses.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2023

Background and aim: Panax ginseng, a key herbal medicine of replenishing Qi and tonifying Spleen, is widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in East Asia. In this study, we aim to investigate the potential effects and mechanisms of polysaccharides from P. ginseng (PGP) on intestinal mucosal restitution which is one of the crucial repair modalities during the recovery of mucosal injury controlled by the Ca²⁺ signaling. Methods: Rat model of intestinal mucosal injury was induced by indomethacin. The fractional cell migration was carried out by immunohistochemistry staining with BrdU. The morphological observations on intestinal mucosal injury were also performed. Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC-6) migration in vitro was conducted by scratch method. Western-blot was adopted to determine the expressions of PLC-𝛾1, Rac1, TRPC1, RhoA and Cav-1. Immunoprecipitation was used to evaluate the levels of Rac1/PLC-𝛾1, RhoA/TRPC1 and Cav-1/TRPC1. Results: The results showed that PGP effectively reduced the assessment of intestinal mucosal injury, reversed the inhibition of epithelial cell migration induced by Indomethacin, and increased the level of Ca²⁺ in intestinal mucosa in vivo. Moreover, PGP dramatically promoted IEC-6 cell migration, the expression of Ca²⁺ regulators (PLC-𝛾1, Rac1, TRPC1, Cav-1 and RhoA) as well as protein complexes (Rac1/PLC-𝛾1, Cav-1/TRPC1 and RhoA/TRPC1) in vitro. Conclusion: PGP increases the Ca²⁺ content in intestinal mucosa partly through controlling the regulators of Ca²⁺ mobilization, subsequently promotes intestinal epithelial cell migration, and then prevents intestinal mucosal injury induced by indomethacin.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.57-64
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare clothing attitudes and the criteria for clothing selection between Korean and Korean-Chinese college female students in the Yanbian region of China. The subjects were selected as follows: 404 Korean female college students in the Choongchung area and 242 Korean-Chinese female college students in the Yanbian region of China. Questionnaires were used to collect the data and the data was analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, and t-test. The major results of this study were as follows: The clothing attitudes of the total respondents were classified into 5 factors: the fashion involving factor, the modesty involving factor, the economy conscious factor, the brand-name oriented factor, and the practical user factor. The modesty involving factor, the economy conscious factor, the brand-name oriented factor, and the practical user factor were significantly different between Korean and Korean-Chinese college female students. Korean consumers thought highly of the economy conscious factor and the practical user factor compared with Korean-Chinese college female students. However, Korean-Chinese college female students thought highly of the brand-name oriented factor and the modesty factor compared with Korean consumers.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.245-256
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• 2003

Job characteristics have influence on the organizational effectiveness. The job characteristics are the core job dimension and organizational effectiveness. Aptitude and personality also act on job characteristics. In this study, we investigate chinese characters by province and city. The purpose of this study is to develop the job characteristics and organizational effectiveness model for chinese by province and city. Consequently, we suggest to be applied the model to korean finns strategically, which push into China, by view of improvement of organizational effectiveness and adaptation in China.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.319-325
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• 2017

We described 4 human infection cases of zoonotic fish-tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense, identified with morphological and molecular characters and briefly reviewed Chinese cases in consideration of it as an emerging parasitic disease in China. The scolex and mature and gravid proglottids of some cases were seen, a rosette-shaped uterus was observed in the middle of the mature and gravid proglottids, and the diphyllobothriid eggs were yellowish-brown in color and displayed a small knob or abopercular protuberance on the opposite end of a lid-like opening. The average size of the eggs was recorded as $62-67{\times}42-45{\mu}m$. The parasitic materials gathered from 4 human cases were morphologically identified as belonging to the genera Diphyllobothrium and Adenocephalus. The phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of the etiologic agents confirmed that the 4 cases were D. nihonkaiense infection. The finding of 4 additional D. nihonkaiense cases suggests that D. nihonkaiense might be a major causative species of human diphyllobothriasis in China. A combined morphological and molecular analysis is the main method to confirm D. nihonkaiense infection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.272-278
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• 2011

Bovine whey protein expression patterns of colostrum are much different from that of milk. Moreover, bovine colostrum is an important source of protective, nutritional and developmental factors for the newborn. However, to our knowledge, no research has been performed to date using a comparative proteomic method on the changes in the bovine whey proteome during the transition from colostrum to milk. This study therefore separated whey protein of days 1, 3, 7 and 21 after calving using two dimension electrophoresis. Differentially expressed proteins at different collection times were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in order to understand the developmental changes in the bovine whey proteome during the transition from colostrum to milk. The expression patterns of whey protein of days 1 and 3 post-partum were similar except that immunoglobulin G was down-regulated on day 3, and four proteins were found to be down-regulated on days 7 and 21 compared with day 1 after delivering, including immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, albumin, and lactotransferrin, which are involved in immunity and molecule transport. The results of this study confirm the comparative proteomic method has the advantage over other methods such as ELISA and immunoassays in that it can simultaneously detect more differentially expressed proteins. In addition, the difference in composition of milk indicates a need for adjustment of the colostrum feeding regimen to ensure a protective immunological status for newborn calves.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.623-624
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• 2020