• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.526-541
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• 2009

This study surveyed the Korean Kimchi preference for Chinese, potential Kimchi improvement for Chinese market adaptation and Kimchi application for Chinese cuisine, with the aim of spreading the recognition of Kimchi throughout the world, especially in China, by giving information and developing local types which could be expected to be suitable for utilization of Chinese food life. The subjects were consisted of 298 Chinese(male 108, female 190) residing in Weihai, Yantai and Qingdao, in Shandong province. The questionnaire form was developed and used for self administered evaluation. The collected data were analyzed by SAS package. Baechu Kimchi was found to be the most well-known Kimchi for Chinese, and Kkakdugi, Oi Kimchi, Yoelmu Kimchi and Nabak Kimchi were followed in order. Baechu Kimchi(75.9%) was found to be the most favorite Kimchi for Chinese, and Oi Kimchi(59.3%), Kkakdugi(52.8%), Nabak Kimchi(39.3%) and Yoelmu Kimchi(37.7%) were followed in order. The subjects knew about the Korean foods made with Kimchi, such as Kimchi kimbap(74.8%), Kimchi bibimbap(71.5%), Kimchi bokkeumbap(61.7%), Kimchi guk(58.1%) in order. But the experience of consumption for Korean foods made with Kimchi was low compared to the knowledge of the Korean foods made with Kimchi. Chinese's most favorite foods made with Kimchi were Kimchi bossam, Kimchi bibimbap, Kimchi bokkeumbap and Kimchi kimbap, Kimchi bokkeum, Kimchi tteoksanjeok and Kimchi jeon in order. Among the 9 kinds of new Chinese foods made with Kimchi, Kimchi chao zhurou(fried pork with Kimchi), Kimchi chao mian(fried noodle with Kimchi), Kimchi chao youcai xiaren(fried rape and prawn with Kimchi), Kimchi zhuroushuijiao(dumpling with pork and Kimchi), Kimchi gedatang(wheat flakes soup with Kimchi) and Kimchi hundun(dumpling with Kimchi), and Kimchi youbing(panfried flour with Kimchi), Kimchi lamian(handmade knife-cut noodle with Kimchi) and Kimchi tangyuan(tangyuan with Kimchi) were preferred foods by the subjects in order.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2014

Purpose - Due to the recent slowdown of growth in global luxury brands, which have been an engine of our domestic fashion market growth, there is an increasing need to develop a global market for domestic high-priced fashion brands. In spite of the large scale of trade between Korea and China with respect to fashion products, current trade concentrates on middle- and low-priced products rather than high-priced products. Diversification of the trade between Korea and China in terms of the price levels of trade products is needed. An understanding of Chinese consumption values and purchase intentions for luxury fashion brands will be very helpful for the establishment of strategies with the aim of increasing the level of trade with regard to high-priced fashion products. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the differences in the clothing consumption values of South Korean and Chinese women in their 20s, especially with reference to how those values affect their preference and purchase intention for luxury fashion brands. Research design, data, methodology - The study was implemented through a descriptive survey method using a self-administered questionnaire. The sample consisted of 283 Korean and 306 Chinese women in their 20s, residing in Seoul, Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai. Data were collected from March 3 to 15, 2014. A total of 589 completed responses were analyzed. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, and multiple regression analysis. Results - Fivefactors for clothing consumption values were formulated: conspicuous/social value, fashionability value, personality expression value, hedonic value, and practical value. There were significant differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in clothing consumption values (except social value), preference, and purchase intention for luxury fashion brands. With regard to clothing consumption values, Chinese women attached more importance to fashionability value, personality expression value, hedonic value, and practical value than South Korean women. In addition, Chinese women's preference and purchase intention for luxury fashion brands were higher than South Korean women's. Second, in the case of South Korean women, social value, practical value, and fashionability value had positive effects on preferences for luxury fashion brands, while attractive/personality expression value and hedonic value had no influence. In contrast, in the case of Chinese women, social value and fashionability value had positive effects on preference for the luxury fashion brands. Third, in the case of South Korean women, social value and practical value had positive effects on purchase intentions for luxury fashion brands. In contrast, in the case of Chinese women, social value, personality expression value, and fashionability value had positive effects on purchase intention for luxury fashion brands. Conclusions - Considering the findings of the study, it is clear that differentiated marketing strategies are needed for luxury fashion brand markets in Korea and China. The results of the study could provide useful information that will help increase the effectiveness of luxury fashion brand marketing strategies in Korea and China.

• 감성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2011

본 연구는 디자인 요소로 한글을 사용하려 할 때 다양한 한글글꼴에 대한 감성과 선호도에 대한 객관적 정보 제공하여 한글글꼴 사용에 있어서의 방향 제시를 돕고자 하는 목표를 가지고 있다. 연구의 세부 목표는 첫째, 한글글꼴의 조형 요소를 좀 더 객관적으로 분석하기 위해서 한글을 전혀 모르는 중국인을 대상으로 한글글꼴에 대한 감성 차이가 한국인하고 어느 정도 차이가 있는지 분석하였다. 둘째, 글꼴에 대하여 한국인과 중국인들의 선호 비선호를 비교 분석 하였다. 첫 번째 목표를 밝히기 위해 요인 분석을 실시한 결과, 한국인과 중국인이 모두 2가지 대표요인으로 [친숙성], [soft]가 추출되었으며 양국 모두 제 1요인과 제2요인의 소속요인 모두가 순위의 차이는 있었지만 대다수가 공통적으로 가지고 있어 한국인과 중국인들이 한글글꼴에 대하여 서로 비슷한 감성을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 두 번째 한글글꼴 선호도 분석을 실시한 결과, 한국인 및 중국인의 선호도를 결정하는 가장 큰 요인은 친숙성이라고 볼 수 있고, 한글을 전혀 모르는 중국인들 또한 중국문화에 애용하여 왔던 붓글씨적인 서체를 선호하는 경향이 있었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2009

This study investigates the preferences Chinese have of Korean Kimchi and improvements for Chinese market adaptation of Kimchi through a survey. The questionnaire was conducted on 298 Chinese(108 males, 190 females) residing in Weihai, Yantai and Qingdao in Shandong province. The questionnaire form was developed and used for self-administration. The collected data were analyzed by SAS package. Among the subjects, 88.9% had experienced eating Kimchi and 58.8% liked Kimchi. The preference of Kimchi was significantly higher among males, workers, persons who had visited Korea, and persons interested in Korea compared to females, university students, persons who hadn't visited Korea, and persons with no interest in Korea. The reasons for liking Kimchi, in order of popularity, were for its 'refreshing taste'(64.9%), 'spicy taste'(57.7%), 'chewy texture'(47.2%), and 'sour taste'(35.1%). The reasons for disliking Kimchi were for its 'smell'(19.6%), 'sour taste'(16.2%), 'salty taste'(14.3%), and 'appearance'(8.7%). Of those surveyed, 97.6% had a positive opinion of Kimchi intake in the future. The intention of future consumption of Kimchi was significantly higher in females than males. The type of Kimchi wanted by Chinese was 'less seasoning'(53.4%), 'less spicy'(46.0%), 'sweeter taste'(39.3%), 'less salty'(37.2%), and 'no fish-like smell'(35.6%). Improvements for increasing Chinese Kimchi consumption were 'development of Kimchi according to Chinese preference'(81.2%), 'improvement of sanitation'(73.5%), 'decrease in the sale price of Kimchi'(72.8%), and 'convenient place for the purchase of Kimchi'(63.8%).

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2003

This study investigated clothing shopping propensity and consumer awareness of Chinese adult men to provide necessary basic data for effective construction to cope with inroads into Chinese men's wear market. Research subjects were Chinese men in big five city (Beijing, Shanghai, Dalian, Harbin, Guangzhou). Returned 863 questionnaires were analyzed by mean, factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple Range, regression analysis with SPSS 10.0. Results of this research were as follows: 1. Chinese men's apparel shopping propensity factors were analyzed by four groups, such as fashion toward propensity, consume propensity, brand loyalty propensity, and casual preference propensity. 2. Consume propensity among 4 factors influenced most on consumer buying awareness. Brand loyalty propensity among 4 factors influenced most on consumer brand awareness. Fashion toward propensity influenced most on consumer fashion awareness. 3. According to region, there were significant differences to four grouped apparel shopping propensities. Harbin, Guangzhou were indicated higher fashion toward propensity than other areas. Guangzhou was indicated higher consume propensity than Dalian. Dalian was showed lower brand loyalty propensity than other areas. Beijing was showed higher casual preference propensity than Guangzhou. According to income, there were significant differences to four apparel shopping propensities. Highest income group was showed higher fashion toward propensity than other income. The higher men earned income, the higher brand loyalty propensity. Highest income group was showed lower casual preference propensity than lowest income.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of evaluative criteria and brand preferences by clothing purchasing motivations of Chinese female consumers. Data were obtained from 350 Chinese women in the 20's and 30's who were living in Shanghi, China. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, cluster analysis, and descriptive statistics using SPSS WIN 12.0. The results of this study were as follows. The clothing purchasing motivations of consumers were classified into 'hedonic,' 'utilitarian,' and 'economic' motivation. The evaluative criteria of clothing were classified into 'aesthetic/quality,' 'service/care,' and 'social status symbol' evaluative criteria. Chinese female consumers were divided into four groups by cluster analysis of clothing purchasing motivation; economic, practical hedonic, utilitarian, and inactive groups. There were significant differences in evaluative criteria of clothing, brand preference of foreign brand and Korean brand, and purchase intention among four groups. Practical hedonic and economic groups showed the highest means of evaluative criteria of clothing, foreign brand, Korea brand, and purchase intention of Korean apparel brand. This study provides implications into Korean fashion marketers for developing marketing strategies in China.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.110-127
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the brand preference, the clothing pursuit benefits, and the purchasing behavior of Chinese women. A survey questionnaire was distributed to Chinese women in their 20s and 30s. The surveys period was from 9th January 9th to $21^{st}$ February 2016. The respondents were 343 Chinese women living in Henan. The collected data was analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Duncan's multiple range of verification. The key results of this study are herein summarized. The brands examined, listed in order of preference, are Ochirly, Only, Zara, Uniqlo, La Chapelle, H&M, Peace bird, Vero Moda, JNBY, and The Basic House. The five most preferred brands were then selected and further analyzed. For purchasing, the design and price were considered to be important, while for product evaluation, importance was given to the style, price, quality, and color. Factors important in the clothing pursuit benefits were found to be price pursuit, trend pursuit, brand pursuit, individual pursuit, comfort pursuit, and quality pursuit. Also, clothing pursuit benefits depends on the average monthly income, monthly clothing purchasing cost, and the education level of the individual. Lastly, we observed that the sources and store selection made noticeable difference in clothing pursuit benefits.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2000

China adopted a free market economy system and entered into the WTO(World Trad Organization). It has now emerged as one of the most promising markets in the world for the near future. The purpose of this study was to investigate in Chinese and Korea college female students's clothing behavior for fitness and to suggest basic informations for high quality clothing merchandising for China. The subjects in this study were 430 college female students, aged from 18 to 24 living in Beijing(215) and Seoul(215). The survey were taken from June to July, 1999. SAS(Statistical Analysis System) is used for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, $x^2$-test. The results of this study are as follows. Examination on the Korean and Chinese preference of clothing behavior showed that Korean and Chinese have different preference for skirt, slacks, jacket and has different sensibility of the items of clothing behavior. The Chinese students prefer individual, feminine costume behavior, and fitted clothes to loose fitted skirt and slacks. Korean student want to lower waist position for all items. It is needed to different merchandising project for clothing in China.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2020

This study evaluated the perception, consumption behavior, and optional attributes of Korean, Chinese, and U.S. consumers of energy bar products. Data were compared and analyzed by surveying 300 consumers in each country. Significant differences were observed in preference for energy bars according to their nationality, in the order China, the U.S., and Korea. Perception of taste, types and dietary suitability of the products ranked lower for Korean consumers, as compared to consumers of the United States and China. The order dietary fiber, protein, and calcium were the sought-after nutritional requirements of the products. The demand for protein was significantly higher in the U.S. Calcium demand was low in the United States and China, but was very high in Korea, which could be attributed to the low calcium intake of Koreans. Other optional attributes which were closely associated with the purchase and re-purchase decision, included price, taste and delivery period. All three factors were recognized as important options in Korea, whereas awareness of packaging/appearance and brand was not. The taste, nutrients and price in the U.S. ranked high as important optional attributes, while the packaging, external and expiration dates were recognized as low. Unlike Korea and the U.S., important optional attributes for Chinese consumers were determined in the order expiration date, taste, and nutrients, and showed low perception for packaging, appearance, weight, counts, and prices. Evaluating the preference for the main and secondary ingredients, Koreans preferred nuts over grains, Americans preferred dried fruits over nuts, and Chinese preferred nuts and grains; both Korean and American consumers had low preference for dried vegetables. The preference for chocolate was low in Korea and China, whereas preference for jelly was high in China as compared to Korea and the U.S. The intention of purchasing energy bars was significantly lower in Korea than in the U.S. and China. A variety of nutritious functional bars have recently been distributed and sold in Korea, but they are mostly produced in the U.S., which is the largest producer and consumer worldwide. Taken together, results of this study indicate that the demand for nutritional enhancement and preferred materials vary according to the nationality. Hence, it is necessary to develop products that reflect these criteria. Further research is required to analyze the relationship between preference and consumption behavior for each material product developed in the future.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1641-1645
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• 2004

본 조사연구는 중국인의 한국 김치에 대한 기호도와 중국 시장에서의 김치의 개선점, 중국 식생활에서 김치활용방법 등을 조사하여, 중국인의 식생활에 부합하여 한국 김치의 소비량을 증진시키는 방안과 김치의 현지화 방안을 조사하고자 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사 대상 중국인들 중 한국김치를 시식한 경험이 있는 사람이 89.9%, 시식해 본 경험이 없는 사람이 10.1%로, 조사 대상자의 대부분이 김치를 시식한 경험이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 배추김치에 대한 성별에 따른 기호도는 남자(M=3.61)가 여자(M=3.58)보다도 좋은 것으로 나타났으나 남녀간의 유의적 차이는 없었다. 김치의 전체적인 기호도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 맛(p<0.001), 외관(p<0.001), 조직감(p<0.05) 순으로 나타났다. 김치 시식후의 맛에 대해서는 "매운맛(34.3%)", "신맛(31.8%)이 느껴진다" 순으로, 조직감에 대해서는 "아삭거림(73.8%)", "질김(22.8%)", 향미에 대해서는 "매운 냄새(38.9%)", "신냄새(38.1%)"순으로 김치색에 대해서는 "빨간색(43.0%)", "노란색(25.6%)이 느껴진다"순으로 조사되었다. 한국 김치의 좋은 점에 대한 성별에 따른 차이는 남자의 경우 군덕내(22.4%)가 좋다. 건강식품이어서 좋다(22.4%), 매운맛이 좋다(20.7%)로 조사되었으며 여자의 경우 씹는 식감이 좋다(24.6%)로 가장 많고 군덕내가 좋다(23.4%)와 매운맛이 좋다(21.6%)로 남자와 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 반면 김치에 대한 개선점으로 질긴 질감의 저하(24.9%), 매운맛의 감소(20.5%), 군덕내의 저하(19.3%)로 조사되었다. 중국 음식 중에서 김치와 비슷한 음식으로 성채(xian cil)(23.2%), 작채(zha cai)(15.2%), 산채(Suan cai)(15.2%), 월채(12.8%), 사천포채(si chuan pao cil)(12.8%)라 응답하였고 기타 의견으로 한국 김치와 비슷한 것이 없다(8.8%)로 조사되었다. 중국 음식에 김치를 활용하였을 때 중국인들이 생각하는 김치의 용도는 고기 요리와 함께 섭취(31.7%), 밥, 국밥, 죽 등과 함께 섭취(29.9%), 요리의 부재료로 사용(18.5%)으로 조사되었으며 김치를 중국 요리의 부재료로 사용했을 시 적당한 중국 요리에 대한 조사에서는 죽(21.7%), 국밥(21.7%), 볶음밥(11.3%) 등으로 조사되었다.