• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 1997.12a
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• pp.102-102
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• 1997

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.96.2-97
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• 2003

Carbofuran(CF) is one the most widely used carbamate pesticides in the world applied for insect and nematode control. Due to its widespred use in agriculture and households, contamination of food, water, and air has become serious, and consequently adverse health effects are inevitable in humans, animals, wildlife and fish, it has reported that CF alone or in combination with other carbamate insecticides influences the level of reproductive and metabolic hormones such as thyroxine and corticosterone, and results in impairment of endocrine. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: in vitro micronucleus test (vitMNT) is one of the promising alternative testing methods in genotoxicity test and was adopted as OECD test guideline for chemical registration. This study was conducted to optimize the cytoplasm conditions in vitMNT using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study cytokinesis-block micronucleus test was conducted. Mitomycin C and colchicine were used as positive control chemicals and were treated for three hours (short time) or twenty-four hours (long time). Giemsa solution was used for cell staining. For optimization of vitMNT, the final fixative was prepared as five concentrations (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 25%) of acetic acid in methanol, and treatment times of the final fixative were varied under four conditions (immediately, one hour, four hours, and one day). CONCLUSION: Acetic acid at 1% in methanol as the final fixative was most adequate to preserve the cytoplasm around the nucleus in the interphase cells. Also, fixative treatment time of cell suspension for one to four hours may minimize the cell rupture. These results can be helpful for getting an accurate result promptly due to clear visual distinction to score micronucleus in vitMNT using giemsa solution.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 1996.12a
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• pp.63-63
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• 1996

We performed chromosomal aberration assay in Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) cells in vitro to evaluate theclastogenicity of 11 synthetic chemicals which were listed in Toxicity Evaluation Program of Ministry of Environment of Republic of Korea in 1996. All of the chemicals were carried out MTT assay to determine the 50% cell growth inhibition concentration. All compounds were tested with and without metabolic activation system. Benzoyl chloride revealed positive result at $43\;\mu\textrm{g}/m{\ell}$ in the presence of metabolic activation system, and at 30.8, 61.5 and $123\;\mu\textrm{g}/m{\ell}$ in the absence of metabolic activation system. And p-phenoxy ethanol was observed as positive with the metabolic activation system, but negative without metabolic activation system. Especially 2-propyn-l-ol showed high frequency of pulverization and showed critical difference of cytotoxicity between with and without S9 mixture. Pulverizatiuon is not included in the frequency of structural aberration in our criteria. Dicyclopentadiene, methacrylic acid, aa-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide, benzylbutyl phthalate, and p-chlorophenal were revealed negative results.esults.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 1998

To evaluate the genotoxicity of CKD-602, an anticancer agent the in viかo reverse mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium, the Chromosome aberration assay using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells and the in vivo micronucleus assay using bone marrow cells of ddY mice were performed. In the reverse mutation assay, CKD-602 did not induced mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, and TA 1537 strains with and without metabolic activation. In the chromosome aberration test using CHL cells, there was an increased incidence of structural aberrations induced by CKD-602 without metabolic activation during 24 and 48 hours, but CKD-602 did not induce chromosome aberration with metabolic activation. The in vivo induction of micronuclei was measured in polychromatic erythrocytes of bone marrow of male ddY mice. At 24 hours after treatment with CED-602 by i.p. once, there was an increased incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of ddY male mice.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1998

To evaluate the genotoxicity of SKP-450, an antihypertensive agent the in vitro reverse mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium, the Chromosome aberration assay using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells and the in vivo micronucleus assay using bone marrow cells of ddY mice were performed. In the Reverse mutation test, SKP-450 did not induced mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 with and without metabolic activation. In the chromosome aberration assay using CHL cells, there was no increased incidence of structural and numerical aberrations with and without metabolic activation. The in vivo induction of micronuclei was measured in polychromatic erythrocytes of bone marrow of male ddY mice at 30 hours after treatment with SKP-450 by p.o once. The results showed no increased incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of ddY male mice treated with SKP-450.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.117-123
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• 2005

Various aspects of antioxidant activity in vitamin C were evaluated in this study. Relatively high level of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was detected in vitamin C, but not in non-antioxidative vitamin, vitamin B1. Vitamin C also reduced the production of lipid peroxidation in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells with $IC_{50}$ value of $4{\mu}g/ml$. Vitamin B1 showed comparable reduction in lipid peroxidation products ($IC_{50}$ value was about $10{\mu}g/ml$). It was shown that vitamin C also dose-dependently enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in V79-4 cells, and these effects were not observed in vitamin Bl-treated cells. Our data suggest that well-known antioxidant vitamin C involved in direct activation of SOD, CAT and GPX.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 2000

(R)-JG-381, a R form of alkylglycidic acid derivative, was examined for mutagenicity in the reverse mutation test on bacteria, chromosomal aberration test on cultured mammalian cells and micronucleus test in mice. In the reverse mutation test on bacteria using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, TA1537 with or without a metabolic activation system (S9 mix), (R)-JG-381 did not affect the revertant colonies but significantly increased revertant colonies in one test strain, TA98, compared with the vehicle control. In the chromosomal aberration (CA) test using cultured Chinese Hamster Lung fibroblast(CHL) cells, the number of aberrant cells was clot increased in the presence or absence of 59 mix at concentration of the (R)-JG-381 0.025 $\mu$l/m1 to 0.1 $\mu$l/m1, compared with vehicle control. In the micronucleus (MN) test, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the (R)-JG-381-treated mice were not different from those of the vehicle-treated mice.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2003

The genotoxicity of pendimethalin [N-(l-ethylpropyl)-2, 6-dinitro-3, 4-xylidine, C$\_$13/H$\_$19/N$_3$O$_4$, M.W.=281.3, CAS No. 40487-42-1], one of selective herbicide, was evaluated in bacterial gene mutation system, chromosome aberration in mammalian cell system and in vivo micronucleus assay with rodent. In bacterial gene mutation assay, pendimethalin revealed dose-dependent mutagenic potential in 313 ∼ 5,000 ${\mu}$g/plate of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 1537 both in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation system, and TA 100 only in the absence of S-9 mixture. In the TA 1535, slight increase of revertant was also observed in the presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. No mutagenic potential was observed in the TA 1535 without metabolic activation system and TA l00 in the presence of S-9 mixture. In mammalian cell system using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast, no clastogenicity of pendimethalin was observed both in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation system in the concentration range of 2.32∼9.28 ${\mu}$g/ml. And also, in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay, pendimethalin revealed no clastogenic potential in the dose range of 203∼810 mg/kg body weight after oral administration in mice. Consequently, in vitro chromosome aberration with mammalian cells and in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay revealed no clastogenic potential of pendimethalin. However, pendimethalin revealed mutagenic potential in bacterial gene mutation assay.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2009

The acute oral and genetic toxicity of ASCO EAQ80 was established in this study. ASCO EAQ80, a novel cationic surfactant produced by Aekyung Speciality Chemicals Co. LTD. is currently commercialized as a clear fabric softener. In acute oral toxicity study, the 50% lethal dose $(LD_{50})$ of ASCO EAQ80 was determined to be higher than 5000 mg/kg and this product could be classified as Category 5 or Unclassified by Globally Harmonized Classification System. Also, to establish the gene-toxicity of ASCO EAQ80, we performed bacterial reversion assay against Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, and in vitro chromosomal aberration assay against Chinese hamster lung cells in the presence and absence of S-9 metabolic activation system. From these experiments, ASCO EAQ80 revealed nonmutagenic potential in S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA both in the absence and presence of metabolic activation system. No clastogenicity of ASCO EAQ80 was observed in chromosomal aberration assay in vitro.