• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2000

We were trying to study the validity of Puffer fish's poison(Tetrodotoxin- TTX) to make a traditional Korean Medical treatment. The following conclusions were made after literary studies. 1. The first record of the puffer fish dates back 2000 years ago in the Chinese text Book of Mountain and Sea and other texts from the similar period. 2. Puffer fish's poison IS known as tetrodotoxin which is an amino perhydroquinazoline compound. It has a chemical formula of $C_{11}H_{17}N_3O_8$ in the hemiacetal structure and has the molecular weight of 319. 3. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) plays a role as potent neurotransmitter blocker by blocking the $Na^+$ -gate channel which hinders the influx of $Na^+$ ion into the cell. 4. Symptoms of the puffer fish poisoning ranges from blunted sense in the lips and tongue, occasional vomiting in the first degree to sudden descending of the blood pressure, apnea, and other critical conditions in the fourth degree. Intoxication of the puffer fish poison progresses at a rapid pace as death may occur after an hour and half up to eight hours in maximum. Typical death occurs after four to six hours. 5. Ways to treat the puffer fish poisoning include gastric irrigation, induce vomiting, purgation, intravenous fluid injection, and correcting electrolytic imbalance and acidosis. In cases of dyspnea, apply oxygen inhalation and conduct artificial respiration. 6. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) may be applied in treating brain disorders, ocular pain, excess pain in the large intestine and ileum, and relieving tension of the skeletal museles, neuralgia, rheumatism, arthritis, and etc. 7. In terms of Oriental medicine, the puffer fish poison has characteristics of sweet, warm, and poisonous. It's known efficacies are to tonify weakness, dispel damp, benefit the lower back, relieve hemorrhoid, kills parasites, remove edema, and so forth. And the puffer fish eggs processed with ginger are said to be effective against tuberculosis and lung cancer, thus, it's validity must be investigated and further research should be followed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.599-609
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to review the trend of Dong-gi acupuncture treatment and to suggest the future direction of its study. We performed literature search using KISS, RISS, NDSL, DBpia, OASIS, National Assembly Library and CNKI. We categorized literatures by year, diseases or symptoms, type of articles, motion types, acupoints, and clinical methods. There were few Korean researches found, but recently research in China has been growing rapidly. According to the researches, Dong-gi acupuncture treatment has been mainly used for painful symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases using distal acupoints. However, its field of application has been widening. It has been shown to be effective for a variety of diseases like cerebrovascular disease or neurologic disorder. We expect Dong-gi acupuncture treatment to be widely applied for various diseases and more clinical studies performed to prove the curative effect on various diseases.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2002

The following is a list of morphologic and genetic characteristics of Pinellia tuber. 1. The original plant of Pinellia tuber is Pinellia ternata$(T_{HUNB})$$B_{REIT}$. With regards to its external morphology, it is smaller than other Araceae species and its spadix is longer than its leaves, which trifurcate. 2. As regards its internal morphology, its mucous cell is elliptical and the vessel is helical or annular-shaped. Granules exist in abundance and in various shapes. 3. Distribution and size of laticifers are the key criteria on which to differentiate between domestic and imported Pinellia tuber. Laticifers are mainly distributed in the epidermis in domestic Pinellia tuber and in the cortical parenchyma in imported Pinellia tuber. The size of laticifers is somewhere between 1,3 and $8{\mu}m$ in diameter in imported Pinellia tuber bigger than its domestic counterpart. 4. RAPD markers display a great similarity in bands between domestic and Chinese Pinellia tuber. However, RAPD primers 352, 358, 365, 368 and 374 are distinctive markers for domestic Pinellia tuber. In the meantime, North Korean Pinellia tuber, morphologically similar to domestic Pinellia tuber, is genertically distinctive from its domestic counterpart in primers 354, 358, 365, 368, 374 and 379, a finding that supports the postulation that North Korean Pinellia tuber is tuber of another Araceae species.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.243-249
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• 2006

The effect of genistein, widely used as a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on rat brain Kv1.5 channels which were stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells was investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Genistein inhibited Kv1.5 currents at +50 mV in a concentration-dependent manner, with an $IC_{50}$ of $54.7{\pm}8.2\;{\mu}M$ and a Hill coefficient of $1.1{\pm}0.2$. Pretreatment of Kv1.5 with protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors ($10\;{\mu}M$ lavendustin A and $100\;{\mu}M$ AG1296) and a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor ($500\;{\mu}M$ sodium orthovanadate) did not block the inhibitory effect of genistein. The inhibition of Kv1.5 by genistein showed voltage-independence over the full activation voltage range positive to 0 mV. The activation (at +50 mV) kinetics was significantly delayed by genistein: time constant for an activation of $1.4{\pm}0.2$ msec under control conditions and $10.0{\pm}1.5$ msec in the presence of $60\;{\mu}M$ genistein. Genistein also slowed the deactivation of the tail currents, resulting in a crossover phenomenon: a time constant of $11.4{\pm}1.3$ msec and $40.0{\pm}4.2$ msec under control conditions and in the presence of $60\;{\mu}M$ genistein, respectively. Inhibition was reversed by the application of repetitive depolarizing pulses, especially during the early part of the activating pulse. These results suggest that genistein directly inhibits Kv1.5 channels, independent of phosphotyrosine-signaling pathway.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.245-250
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• 2001

Paraquat is one of the widely used herbicides. But it is fatal, if it is consumed by people. Paraquat poisoning causes acute renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, and progressive respiratory failure. There are no effective antidotes to paraquat. This report is about one case's treatment for acute hepatitis caused by paraquat. The patient was hospitalized in the Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Oriental Medical Hospital in Chonju. The patient received the following treatments while in an acute stage : Gamdutanggamibang(甘豆湯加味方), which consists of Radix glycyrrhizae(甘草), Semen mungo(綠豆), burned powder of Rhizoma rhei(大黃炒炭末), Succus phyllostachyos(竹瀝), chinese ink(墨汁) and fluid therapy. The patient received Sagunjatanggamibang(四君子湯加味方) while in a chronic stage. The patient improved faster with the above treatments than with the conventional treatment. We hope that this report will help widening the clinical range of oriental medicine, and improve systemic efforts in treating paraquat poisoning cases.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this review is to analyze the studies using syndrome differentiation questionnaire in cancer patients. Methods: We searched electronic databases including Pubmed, google scholar, Cochrane library, CNKI, KISS, RISS and OASIS. Key words used for searching were cancer, Korean medicine, pattern identification, and questionnaire. Studies using a symptom differentiation questionnaire to cancer patients were selected. Results: 35 studies were enrolled. A total of 17 questionnaires was used. Most of the types of included studies were observational studies, followed by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and validation studies. The purposes of using questionnaires were rrelation analysis, outcome measurement, evaluating adverse events, subgroup analysis, and questionnaire development. The most used questionnaire was Body Constitution Questionnaire (BCQ), and it was used 8 times, Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCC II) was used 5 times, Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ), TCM-Symptom Complex Differentiation Questionnaire (TCM-SCDQ), Yin Deficiency Questionnaire were used 4 times, and Qi Blood Yin Yang Deficiency Questionnaire was used twice. BCQ is a questionnaire diagnosing and evaluating yang deficiency, yin deficiency, and blood stasis. It has high reliability, validity, and optimal cut-off value. Conclusion: BCQ is the most used syndrome differentiation questionnaire in cancer-related studies. So, BCQ could be recommended in syndrome differentiation-related cancer studies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate sub-health status (SHS) of people living in China during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection-induced acute infectious disease, which is featured by universal susceptibility and strong infectivity, and SHS (a status of low quality health) refers to a status of low-quality health. COVID-19 has gradually developed into a global pandemic, making the public in a high stress situation in physiological, psychological and social states in the short term. Methods: From March 6 to 11, 2020, a large-scale cross-sectional survey was conducted by convenient sampling, and SHS assessment scale was used in the questionnaire. The ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting SHS. Results: In this study, 17,078 questionnaires were delivered with 16,820 effective questionnaires collected, and 10,715 subjects (63.7%) were found with SHS, with moderate SHS primarily. Physiological sub-scale scored the highest, followed by psychological and social sub-scales. Ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that man, only-child, workers and farmers were risk factors of SHS. Protective factors of SHS included living in rural areas and townships, laid-off retirees and education degree. Conclusion: It shows many people in China place in a poor health status during COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary that relevant departments pay more attention to people with poor health such as men, only-child, urban people, workers and farmers, and groups with high education degree during and after pandemic stabilization.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Objectives We aimed to examine health-related economic analysis of available interventions on idiopathic short stature (ISS). Methods Eight studies were reviewed from English, Korean, and Chinese databases which were published up to December 24, 2020. Effectiveness, utility, and cost data were extracted from the studies and descriptive analysis of the individual studies was conducted Results Five studies were chosen. In the two economic evaluation studies, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of growth hormone (GH) treatment was presented by performing cost-effectiveness analysis based on the deterministic decision tree approach for the GH and untreated group. Final adult height and direct medical costs were analyzed as effectiveness and cost outcomes. In 1 review article, an ICER of GH was presented based on systematic review on the effects of the GH treatment. In the two clinical trials, the effectiveness and cost of the 12 months Oriental medicine combination treatment were presented in comparison with the GH treatment alone. There were no literatures that provided utility data of available intervention on ISS. Conclusions The results of this study will be used as basic data for the economic analysis of Oriental medicine treatment on ISS in the future.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2021

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chuna manual therapy for rhinitis. Methods We performed a literature search using ten electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Academic Journals(CAJ), Research Information Sharing Service(RISS), Dbpia, National Digital Science Library(NDSL), Koreanstudies Information Service System(KISS), Korean Medical database(KMbase), and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS)) and two academic journals up to the end of April 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which appraised the effect of chuna manual therapy (CMT) in the treatment of rhinitis. The risk of bias was evaluated from the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results 4 appropriate RCTs were included and analyzed. The efficacy rate of the CMT group was statistically higher compared to the control group treated with medicine[RR 1.14 (95%CI 1.06 1.22), P<0.01]. Conclusions Based on results, CMT could be effective in rhinitis. However, evidence were limited due to small number of studies, lack of well-designed RCT and regional bias. Further well-designed research should be required to obtain stronger evidence.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.474-488
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• 2021

The application of Augmented Reality(AR) technology is visible in medical procedures, education, marketing, and journalism. By experimenting, this study examines how the evaluation of the three elements of augmented reality news contents(visual image, storytelling, interactivity) affects immersion and information acquisition. Specifically, a 2 (video technology: AR vs. general) × 2 (news type: disaster vs. sports) between-subject design was examined. Results showed that the evaluation of all three elements was higher when viewing AR news than when viewing general news. The level of immersion was higher when viewing AR news, and the evaluation of storytelling and interactivity had positive effect on the level of immersion regardless of the news types. However, the evaluation of visual images did not affect the level of immersion. Information acquisition was higher after viewing AR news, yet the effect of the evaluation of the three elements on information acquisition had not been found. Implication and discussion of the study were added in the end.