• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.150-155
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• 2005

The ethanolic extract of chestnut (Castanea crenata S. et Z., Fagaceae) inner shell (CISE) and one of its components, ellagic acid (EA), were evaluated for their protective effects against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) free radical generation and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA damage in a mammalian cell line. CISE and EA were shown to possess the free radical scavenging effect against DPPH radical generation, significantly. They were also found to strongly inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage from Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell, assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis assay and 8-hydroxy -2'-deoxy guanosine (8-OH-2'dG) assay. Furthermore, topical application of CISE [$12.5\%$(w/w) cream] and ellagic acid [$1.0\%$(w/w) cream] for 14 days potently inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) formation of mouse dorsal skin (a marker of lipid peroxidation) induced by ultraviolet B exposure. Therefore, CISE and its component, ellagic acid, may be the useful natural antioxidants by scavenging free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protecting oxidative DNA damage when topically applied.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2005

We investigated the cytoprotective effect of phloroglucinol, which was isolated from Ecklonia cava (brown seaweed), against oxidative stress induced cell damage in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast(V79-4) cells. Phloroglucinol was found to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by $\gamma-ray$ radiation. In addition, Phloroglucinol inhibited cell damage induced by radiation through scavenging ROS. Phloroglucinol increased the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, Taken together, the results suggest that phloroglucinol protectes V79-4 cells against oxidative damage by enhancing the cellular antioxidant enzymes activity.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2001

Sophoricoside was isolated as the inhibitor of IL-5 bioactivity from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae). It has been reported to has an anti-inflammatory effect on rat paw edema model. To develope as an anti-allergic drug, genotoxicity of sophoricoside was investigated in bacterial and mammalian cell system such as Ames bacterial reversion test, chromosomal aberration assay and single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. As results, in the range of 1,250~40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate sophoricoside concentrations was not shown significant mutagenic effects in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 strains in Ames test. The 80% cell growth inhibition concentration (IC/SUB 80/) of sophoricoside was determined as above 5,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cell and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line for the chromosomal aberration and comet assay, respectively. Sophoricoside was not induced chromosomal aberration in CHL fibroblast cell at concentrations of 700, 350 and 175 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ or 600, 300 and 150 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ in the absence or presence of S-9 metabolic activation system, respectively. Also, in the comet assay, the induction of DNA damage was not observed in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line both in the absence or presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. From these results, no genotoxic effects of sophoricoside were observed in bacterial and mammalian cell systems used in these experiments.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.617-622
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• 2014

Voacanga globosa (Blanco), a plant endemic to the Philippines, is traditionally used especially by indigenous people of Bataan in the treatment of ulcers, wounds and tumorous growths. This study aimed to provide scientific evidence to therapeutic properties by determining cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity of HPLC fractions from leaves on HCT116 human colon carcinoma and A549 human lung carcinoma cell lines. Ethanolic extraction was performed on V globosa leaves followed by hexane and ethyl acetate partitioning. Silica gel column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) produced MP1, MP2 and MP3 fractions. Cytotoxic activity of the fractions was determined through MTT assay against the cancer cell lines HCT116 and A549 and the non-cancer AA8 Chinese hamster ovarian cell line. Pro-apoptotic activities of the most active fractions were further assessed through DAPI staining, TUNEL assay and JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay with HCT116 cells. While the MPI fraction exerted no significant activity against all cell lines tested, MP2 and MP3 fractions demonstrated high toxicity against HCT116 and A549 cells. The MP3 fraction induced formation of apoptotic bodies, condensed DNA and other morphological changes consistent with apoptosis of HCT116 cells and TUNEL assay showed significant increase in DNA fragmentation over time. In these cells, the MP3 fraction also induced mitochondrial membrane destabilization, which is generally associated with the beginning of apoptosis. Phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence only of saponins and terpenoids in the MP3 fraction. The results indicate that the MP3 fraction exerts cytotoxic activity on HCT116 cells via induction of apoptosis triggered by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential crucial for cell survival.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.183-184
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• 2003

Sophoricoside was isolated as the inhibitor of IL-5 bioactivity from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae). It has been reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect on rat paw edema model. To develop as an anti-allergic drug, genotoxicity of sophoricoside was investigated in bacterial and mammalian cell system such as Ames bacterial test, chromosomal aberration assay, Comet assay and MOLY assay. In Ames test, sophoricoside of 5000 ∼ 313 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate concentrations was not shown significant mutagenic effect in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 strains. The cytotoxicity (IC$\_$50/ and IC$\_$20/) of sophoricoside was determined above the concentration of 5000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cell and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line. At concentrations of 5000, 2500 and 1250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, this compound was not induced chromosomal aberration in CHL fibroblast cell in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. Also in comet assay, DNA damage was not observed in L5178Y cell line. Also in MOLY assay, sophoricoside of 5000 ∼ 313 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml concentrations was not shown significant mutagenic effect in absence of S-9 metabolic activation system. However, the higher concentration of 5000 and 2500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of sophoricoside induced the increased mutation frequency (MF) in the presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. From these results, no genotoxic effects of sophoricoside observed in bacterial systems whereas, genotoxic effects observed in mammalian cell systems in the presence of metabolic activation system. These results suggested that the metabolite(s) of sophoricoside can cause some genotoxic effects in mammalian cells.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2004

To validate and to estimate the chemical hazard playa very important role to environment and human health. The detection of many synthetic chemicals including agrochemicals that may pose a genetic hazard in our environment is of great concern at present. Since these substances are not limited to the original products, and enter the environment, they have become widespread environmental pollutants, thus leading to a variety of chemicals that possibly threaten the public health. Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl [Ethyl-5-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate, $C_{14}H_{18}N{6}O_{7}S,$ M.W. =414.39, CAS No. 93697-74-6], is one of well known rice herbicide belong in the sulfonyl urea group. To clarify the genotoxicity of this agrochemical, Ames bacterial reversion assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration assay with Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast and bone marrow micronucleus assay in mice were subjected. In Ames assay, although pyrazosulfuron-ethyl revealed cytotoxic at 5,000-140 $\mug/plate$ in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, no dose-dependent mutagenic potential in 4.4～70 $\mug/plate$ of S. typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA1535 and TA 1537 both in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation system was observed. Using CHL fibroblasts, the 50% cell growth inhibition concentration $(IC_{50})$ of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl was determined as 1,243 $\mug/mL,$ and no chromosomal aberration was observed both in the absence and presence of S-9 mixture in the concentration range of 311-1,243 $\mug/mL.$ And also, in vivo micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl revealed no remarkable induction of MNPCE (micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes/1000 polychromatic erythrocytes) in the dose range of 625-2,500 mg/kg body weight when administered orally. Consequently, Ames bacterial gene mutation with Salmonella typhimurium, in vitro chromosome aberration with mammalian cells and in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay revealed no clastogenic potential of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in this study.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2003

A nonspecific immunostimulator $BARODON^{\circledR}$ was tested for mutagenicity using Ames Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA1 00, TA 102, TA 1535 and TA 1537 with or without metabolic activation (59 mix). None of the fresh species showed mutagenicity. In the reverse mutation test using Salmonella phimurium TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537 did not increase the number of revertants at all doses tested (5, 2.5 or 1.25 mg/ml). Chromosome aberration test was carried out in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell line. The cells were treated with $BARODON^{\circledR}$ (1, 0.5 or 0.25 mg/ml), while positive control group was treated with Mitomycin C (0.1 mg/ml). The results show that there is no statistically significant difference between positive control and treatment groups. In mouse micronucleus test, there was significant increase in the ratio of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) in the high dose group (10% $BARODON^{\circledR}$), while there is no significance between control and low (2.5% $BARODON^{\circledR}$) or middle (5% $BARODON^{\circledR}$ dose groups. Taken together, this results suggest that below 5% $BARODON^{\circledR}$ might not have mutagenic potential in vitro and vivo systems.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2002

The genotoxic potential of Hyrubicin lD6105, a novel anthracycline anticancer agent, was examined on bacterial mutagenicity, mammalian cell chromosome aberration and mouse micronucleus tests. In mutagenicity (Ames') test, Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA- were treated with ID6105 at doses of 312.5, 625, 1,250, 2,500 and 5,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ plate with or without a metabolic activation system (S9 mix). Interestingly, ID6105 significantly enhanced the number of revertant colonies of TA98 strain at all dose levels used, in the presence or absence of S9 mix, without affecting other strains of S. typhimurium and E. coli. In chromosome aberration test using cultured chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, ID6105 (1.25, 2.5 and 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) did not increase the number of aberrant cells, compared with vehicle control. in the presence or absence of S9 mix. In addition, ID6105 treatment (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) did not induce micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice. Taken together, it is suggested that ID6105 might not affect chromosome integrity in mammalian system in vitro and in vivo, although it may induce frame shift mutation of specific bacterial strain such os S. typhimurium TA98.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.235-239
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• 2001

CJ-50005 is an inactivated whole virus vaccine derived from hepatitis A virus (HM175) grown in human MRC-5 diploid fibroblasts cell culture. In order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of CJ-50005, : 3 sets of mutagenicity tests were performed. In the reverse mutation test wing Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1 537, TA98, TA100 and TA102, CJ-50005 did not increase the number of revertants at any concentration tested in this study (2.8, 1.4, 0.7, 0.35 and 0.175 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate). CJ-50005, at concentration of 2.8, 1.4 and 0.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, did not increase the number of cells having structural or numerical chromosome aberration in cytogenic test using Chinese Hamster Lung cells. In mouse micronucleus test, no significant increase in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in ICR male and female mice intraperitoneally administered with CJ-50005 at the doses of 25, 12.5 and 6.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. These results indicate that CJ-50005 has no mutagenic potential in these in vitro and in vivo system.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1996

The yields of solvent fraction of irradiated red ginseng powder were increased in the order of petroleum ether(PE)