• 농약과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2003

Benzimidazole계 살균제의 세포독성을 평가하기 위하여 CHL(chinese hamster lung) 세포를 이용한 Giemsa stain assay, Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) activity, MTT assay, DNA synthesis inhibition test 및 Sulforhodamin B(SRB) assay를 수행하여 benzimidazole 계 살균제에 대한 약제별 세포독성을 평가하고 위해도 평가를 위한 자료로 사용하고자 하였다. 시험결과 LDH 활성은 carbendazim 4.0, 16.0 및 $32.0{\mu}g/mL$을 24 시간 처리하였을 때 음성대조군에 비해 농도별로 세포독성이 각각 2.16, 2.94 및 2.64배 강하게 나타났다. DNA 합성시험에서는 carbendazim $2.0{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 약 45% DNA 합성을 저해하였으며, Giemsa assay와 MTT assay에서도 세포와 mitochondria에 독성을 일으키는 것으로 나타났다. Giemsa assay의 $IC_{50}$은 thiophanate-methyl, benomyl, carbendazim 및 양성대조 약제인 captafol에서 각각 >125, 1.2, 30.0 및 $0.3{\mu}g/mL$ 이었고, MTT assay의 $IC_{50}$은 thiophanate-methyl, benomyl, carbendazim 및 captafol에서 각각 >125, 18.7, 20.4 및 $2.6{\mu}g/mL$이었다. 그리고 세포 증식에 대한 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행된 SRB assay 의 $IP_{50}$(반수세포증 식억제농도)에서도 thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, benomyl 및 captafol이 각각 17.4, 5.3, 1.5, 및 $0.5{\mu}g/mL$으로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 급성독성이 낮은 benzimidazole계 살균제가 유전독성 등 특수독성이 강하게 나타나는 원인일 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2018

In vitro 소핵시험(vitMNT)은 유전독성의 유망한 대체시험법 중 하나로, OECD에서 TG로 채택되어 화학물질의 등록에 사용되고 있다. 본 시험에서는 CHL cell을 사용한 vitMN test에서 소핵을 판별하기 위한 최적화된 세포질 조건을 찾고자 하였으며, 양성대조물질로 MMC와 Col을 사용하고 세포 염색을 위해 giemza 용액을 사용하였다. 시험결과, 세포현탁을 위해 사용되는 고정액의 acetic acid의 농도는 1%로 하는 것이 band의 두께와 세포질의 퍼짐성 측면에서 적당하였다. 또한 세포의 깨짐을 최소화하는 최종 고정액의 적하시간은 현탁 후 1~4시간이었다. 이러한 결과는 vitMNT에서 소핵관찰의 신속성, 용이성 및 정확성을 확보하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2014

Objectives: Chemical hazard evaluations are important for workers' health and working environments. Allyl chloride (CAS No. 107-05-1) is used in many industries, leading to concerns about the possibility of threats to the health of workers. Since only insufficient or controversial information is available about potential related hazards, an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration (CA) assay was conducted in order to gain additional information concerning any such hazards. Moreover, toxicological information from this study could be applied for workers' rights to know, and to prepare or update the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for a number of industries. Methods and Results: The assay was performed using the Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell (ATCC, CRL-1935), by the direct method (-S9) and by the metabolic activated method (+S9 mix). Using the direct method, the seven dosages in the 48-hour treatment group did not show that the frequency of CA is proportionate to the dosage. The frequency of CA is not proportionate to the dosage addition for a six-hour treatment using the metabolic activated method. Conclusions: From these findings, it was decided that this chemical does not induce chromosomal aberrations under the tested conditions.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2002

Dehydroevodiamine HCl (DHED), which is a component separated from Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham, has novel anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activities in the scopolamine-induced amnesia model. Several studies suggest that DHED might be an effective drug for the Alzheimer's disease and the vascular type of dementia. In order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of DHED, Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay, chromosomal aberration test on Chinese hamster lung cells, in vivo micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow cells, and comet assay were performed. DHED did not increase the number of revertant in the reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100. DHED HCl, at concentration of 5 and 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι, increased the number of chromosome aberrated Chinese hamster lung cells with 5 and 10％, respectively. In mouse micronucleus test, no significant increase in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte was observed in ICR mice orally administered with DHED. DHED was tested for ability to induce genotoxic effect in L5178Y cells (mouse lymphoma cells) using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). In comet assay, tail moment did not increase in L5178Y cells treated with 10, 100, 300 $\mu$M DHED.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2007

We have studied the cytoprotective effect on H$_2$O$_2$ induced oxidative stress from leaves of Carpinus tschonoskii. The methanol extract of Carpinus tschonoskii was found to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) using flow cytometry and confocal microscope. This extract prevented lipid peroxidation and thus reduced cell death of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) induced by H$_2$O$_2$ treatment. The extract increased catalase activity and phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK). Taken together, the results suggest that Carpinus tschonoskii protects V79-4 cells against oxidative damage by H$_2$O$_2$ through scavenging ROS.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.290-300
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the safety of SU-Eohyeol pharmacopuncture (SUEP) by assessing its potential to cause chromosomal abnormalities in Chinese hamster lung cells (CHL/IC). Methods: A dose-curve was conducted to determine the highest dose of SUEP. Doses of 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.313% were used, and no cytotoxicity or SUEP precipitation was observed. SUEP doses of 10, 5, and 2.5%, with positive and negative controls, were used in a chromosome aberration test. Results: In this study, the frequency of abnormal chromosomal cells in the SUEP group did not show a statistically significant difference from that of the negative control group in short-term treatments with and without metabolic activation and the continuous treatment without metabolic activation. Compared with the negative control group, the positive control group had a significantly higher frequency of cells with structural chromosomal abnormalities. This test's results satisfied all conditions for determining the results. Conclusion: SUEP did not induce chromosomal aberrations under the conditions of this study. Other toxicity evaluations, safety studies in humans, and various clinical trials are required to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SUEP.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2013

Ionizing radiation, including that evoked by gamma (${\gamma}$)-rays, induces oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in apoptosis, or programmed cell death. This study aimed to elucidate the radioprotective effects of hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside) against ${\gamma}$-ray radiation-induced apoptosis in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, V79-4 and demonstrated that the compound reduced levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species in ${\gamma}$-ray-irradiated cells. Hyperoside also protected irradiated cells against DNA damage (evidenced by pronounced DNA tails and elevated phospho-histone H2AX and 8-oxoguanine content) and membrane lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, hyperoside prevented the ${\gamma}$-ray-provoked reduction in cell viability via the inhibition of apoptosis through the increased levels of Bcl-2, the decreased levels of Bax and cytosolic cytochrome c, and the decrease of the active caspase 9 and caspase 3 expression. Taken together, these results suggest that hyperoside defend cells against ${\gamma}$-ray radiation-induced apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2003

Pendimethalin [N-(1-ethyl-propyl)-2, 6-dinitro-3, 4-xylidine, $C_{13}$H$_{19}$N$_3$O$_4$, M.W. = 281.3, CAS No. 40481-42-1]는 제초제의 일종으로, 본 연구에서는 박테리아 복귀 돌연변이 시험과 포유동물 세포를 이용한 염색체 이상 시험 및 마우스를 이용한 in vivo 소핵 시험을 수행하여 pendimethalin의 유전독성을 평가하였다. 박테리아 복귀 돌연변이 시험에서 pendimethalin은 Salmonella thphimurium TA98, TA1537 균주의 경우, 대사 활성계 존재와 부재시,TA100의 경우는 대사 활성계 부재시에만 313∼5,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/p1a1e의 범위에서 농도의존적인 돌연변이율의 증가를 보여주었고, TA1535의 경우에는 대사 활성계 존재시 약간의 돌연변이가 증가되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러나 대사 활성계 부재시 TA1535와 대사 활성계 존재시 TA100균주의 경우에는 돌연변이 유발능을 관찰할 수 없었다. 한편 포유동물 세포인 Chinese hamster lung(CHL) fibroblast를 이용한 염색체 이상 시험에서 pendimethalin은 대사 활성계 존재 및 부재시 2.32∼9.28 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도에서 clastogenicity를 보이지 않았다. 또한 203∼810 mg/kg의 pendimethalin을 구강 투여한 마우스의 골수세포를 이용한 in vivo소핵 시험의 결과에서도 통계적으로 유의한 소핵 유발능을 관찰할 수 없었다.다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 1996

The detection of many synthetic chemicals used in industry that may pose a genetic hazard in our environment is subject of great concern at present. In this respect, the genetic toxicity of fenpropathrin ((RS)-.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl cyclopropane carboxylate, CAS No.:39514-41-8), a pyrethroid insecticide, was evaluated in bacterial gene mutation system, chromosome aberration in mammalian cell system and in vivo micronucleus assay with rodents. In bacterial gene mutation assay, no mutagenicity of fenpropathrin (62-$5000\mug/plate$) was observed in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, 100, 1535 and 1537 both in the absence and in the presence of S-9 metabolic activaton system. In mammalian cell system using chinese hamster lung fibroblast, no clastogenicity of fenpropathrin was also observed both in the absence and in the presence of metabolic activation system in the concentration range of $7-28\mug/ml$. And also, in vivo micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow cells, fenpropathrin also revealed no mutagenic potential in the dose range of 27-105 mg/kg body weight of fenpropathrin (i.p.). Consequently, no mutagenic potential of fenpropathrin was observed in vitro bacterial, mammalian mutagenicity systems and in vivo micronucleus assay in the dose ranges used in this experiment.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.171-179
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• 1993

국내에서 실제사용되고 있는 22가지의 식용 및 외용색소에 대하여 유전독성실험을실시하였다. salmonella typhimurium을 이용한 유전자 복귀돌연변이 시험(Ames test)과 Chiness hamster lung cell을 이용한 염색체이상 시험을 시행한 결과 Ames test에서는 등색 203호 (D&C Orange No.17)가 대사활성계의 존재 유무와 관계없이 돌연변이 유발성을 보였고, 적색 204호 (D&C Red No.9)는 대사활성계의 존재하에서 돌연변이 유발성을 나타내었다. 염색체이상 시험에서는 적색104-1호 (Phroxin B)의 시약급과 적색 215호 (D&C Red No. 37)가 의양성을 나타내었다.