• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.3-24
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• 2010

This study aims to identify the determinants on the implementation level of e-Trade of Chinese exporters in Shandong Province, China. From the review of previous studies, a research model and six hypotheses were set up and tested by the multiple regression analysis with total 127 effective survey data. Among the company characteristics, the company size was statistically significant to the utilization range and the utilization level. But unlike former studies in Korea, the utilization range showed the (-) mark. On the other hand, the innovative attitude of CEO didn't show statistical significance to both the utilization range and the utilization level. Among the information characteristics, the IT infrastructure was not statistically significant to both the utilization range and the utilization level. On the other hand, the education and training of technical personnel didn't have a significant effect on the utilization range, but it had a statistically significant effect on the utilization level. Among the external environment, the intensity of competition had a statistically significant effect on both the utilization range and the utilization level. In summary, the implementation level of e-Trade of Chinese exporters in Shandong Province, China is still behind that of Korea. But the fact that the small and medium-sized Chinese exporters are using Internet more actively than large companies suggests some implications for those of Korea.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.196-219
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• 2021

Purpose - We attempted to empirically verify the effects of managerial attributes on cost stickiness in exporters. Exporters are often affected not only by external factors such as exchange rate but also by internal factors such as managerial attributes regarding their business activities. Because cost stickiness is the product of a manager's decision-making, it has been considered that managerial attributes have a great influence on the behavior. Therefore, our study was intended to find out whether cost stickiness shows differentiated aspects depending on managerial attributes in exporters. Design/methodology - We considered two managerial attributes: CEO power and managerial overconfidence. First, CEO power was measured as CEO pay slice. In addition, managerial overconfidence was measured based on three methodologies presented by previous studies. To measure cost stickiness, we used multiple methodologies presented by prior research. Findings - The results of our empirical analysis are as follows. First, in export firms, the greater CEO power is, the greater cost stickiness is. This result suggested that export managers with great influence little respond to temporary sales decrease promptly, little reduce related production costs flexibly in preparation for future sales recovery, but leave room to endure costs for idle resources. Second, the greater managerial overconfidence is, the greater cost stickiness is. This result indicated that export managers with great overconfidence on their decision-making often view the prospect for sales recovery positively; therefore, they little respond to temporary sales decrease immediately, little reduce related production costs flexibly for future sales recovery, but leave room to endure costs for idle resources. Third, export managers with great influence in their businesses and great overconfidence in their decision-making tend to show relatively great cost stickiness. The results proposed that the combination of the two factors functions to make cost stickiness greater. Originality/value - Our study is differentiated from extant studies in that we provided empirical evidence of the effects of managerial attributes on their business activities in exporters. Specifically, we verified the effects of managerial attributes on cost stickiness in Korean exporters. The results of our study are expected to contribute to providing useful information for exporters and start-ups.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제25권
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• pp.243-266
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• 2005

Product liability is becoming a real issue to exporters, manufacturers world wide. The purpose of this study is to examine the product liability of Korean exporters, manufacturers, etc. under Product Liability Laws and Regulations of China. For this purpose, firstly we deal with the Product Liability Laws and Regulations of China. Secondly we analyze the case study concerning the Product Liability in China. From the analysis of case study, Korean exporters, manufacturers, etc. are required to pay close attention to the following : the correspondence of English with Chinese in the warning phrases, the possibility of application of strict global standard in case of existence of product liability, the proper treatment of evidence in the process of litigation, the application of strict liability and the shift of responsibility for evidence on to a defendant, the observance of procedures prescribed by the country in design and manufacture of the product, the manufacture of product to come up to country standard in quality, the consideration of diverse expression in the preparation of warning sign, the importance of quality control and inspection system in case of local procurement of parts and raw materials, Finally, this paper contributes to help the Korean Exporters, Manufacturers, etc. to build up the proper countermeasures regarding product liability under the product liability regulations of China.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2013

Purpose - The aim of this work is to study the reorientation that the export industrial sectors in Costa Rica have experienced during the last 20 years. Research design, data, methodology - The study employs the Cluster Analysis with the export data (20 years of cut-off period) from Costa Rica to the U.S-market. To make the predictions, the technique of the time series was used, with official data (from 2001 to 2010) from the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. International Trade Commission. Results - The Cluster Analysis, show how the economic sectors of traditional products exports of Costa Rica have progressively become in exporters of non-traditional products, meanwhile,the time series confirms that this trend will continue, at least during the next five years. Conclusions - The industry of traditional products exports of Costa Rica (dressmaking, vegetables, coffee, mate, species, etc.) will progressively become in exporters of non- traditional products with a high-tech component (i.e., mechanical equipment and devices, electronic devices and medical equipment),as a consequence of the Chinese (Costa Rica's main competitor) economy's presence in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE). This fact has enabled the potential improvement of Costa Rica's international competitiveness in the U.S. market.

• 무역학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.297-318
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• 2017

본 연구는 문헌연구와 사례연구를 통하여 한·중 FTA체제에서 중국의 원산지검증제도를 고찰하고 한국 수출기업이 중국의 통관과정에서 겪은 원산지 불인정 사례를 분석하여 한국 수출기업의 대중국 수출에 있어 중국의 원산지검증에 효율적으로 대응하기 위한 방안을 모색하는데 연구목적을 두었다. 분석결과, 중국의 원산지검증에 대비하기 위해서 지원기관측면에서는 관세당국은 중국의 관세당국과 협의채널을 구축하여 문제해결을 도모하고, 원산지증명서 발급기관은 증명서 발급단계에서 원산지검증에 대한 컨설팅을 지원함으로써 수출업체의 검증 리스크를 줄이도록 지원하는 방안이, 수출업체 입장에서는 원산지증명의 형식적인 요건을 중시하여 통관단계의 검증에 대비해야 하며, 한중간의 품목분류 차이 극복을 위한 사전검사제도의 활용과 중국의 제도변화에 대한 모니터링 등의 시사점을 도출하였다.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.67-87
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• 2019

Anti-dumping instruments among trading partners have been the subject of research by both academicians and practitioners. This study attempts to establish an early-warning model of anti-dumping against Chinese textile exporting companies, which have suffered from anti-dumping regulations and got arbitration awards. After reviewing theories of anti-dumping arbitration, early-warning and relationship marketing, the measuring items and relationship marketing model of Chinese textiles exporters are investigated. Empirical methods are selected based on early-warning theories of companies. Eighty percent of 156 valid questionnaires by surveys and interviews are used as training data via Binary-Logistic regression while the other twenty percent are validated in the model. As a result, a proper early-warning model has been established.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.205-215
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• 1991

The current size, characteristics. and channels of distribution of the offshore export (non North American) market for ginseng products are described. The apparent size of the worlds export market for ginseng products in 1987 is 3,363 tonnes. The major export markets for ginseng are Hong Kong (1,972.4 tonnes) and Japan (540.9 tonnes). The volume of ginseng imported into Hong Kong has doubled over the past five years from 976.3 tonnes in 1983 to 1,972.4 tonnes in 1987. This increase is reflective of an expanding Chinese market. In terms of products forms, the toast majority of ginseng imported into China is in root form, while Japan imports both red and white ginseng as well as ginseng beverages and medical products. Hong Kong is the destination of over 86f; of the volume of North American ginseng exported between 1983 and 1987. North American ginseng products are distributed by ginseng brokers or importers/exporters.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.553-577
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• 2008

Various export supporting systems of Korean government have affected Korean economy to be 13th in the world and over US$ seven hundred trillion in terms of the volume. Especially, export insurance system use to cover the commercial risks of Korean exporter. That is why Korean exporter have been able to do their best in exporting and expand overseas market actively. On the other hand, China who use to drive strong export expansion policy after joining WTO, have also very focused on export insurance system and developed its applicable items. From the point of view above, It is very meaningful study to compare the export insurance system between Korea and China. It is suggested that government funds for export insurance should be raised to give exporters more benefits. New kinds of export insurance items, also, should be developed to actively face international trade environment change.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제37권
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• pp.35-59
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• 2008

In most products liability cases, the only or principal defendant is the manufacturer that designed, manufactured, and marketed the product which injured the plaintiff. In this regards, most national laws and international convention stipulates the definition of the producer. But there is no rule about the definition of the producer in China. Yet parties in the product distribution chain other than ordinary manufacturers, notably retail seller, often profit from moving products from factories to consumers and so may bear some responsibility when product hazards injure consumers. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the definition of the "producer", "seller" who is responsible for products liability claims in China. This paper will contributes to help the Korean exporters, manufacturers to build up the proper countermeasures regarding products liability in China.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2016

Purpose - In Chinese rose market, Korea competes against Latin American and African countries, but is not so competitive in terms of price and quality, implying the importance of using appropriate marketing strategies. This study aims to examine Chinese rose consumers' recognition and attributes of preference for roses produced in Korea, in order to use the result as baseline data for Korean rose exporters to China and provide implications that help establish a variety of marketing strategies targeting each region, income and age group. Research Design, Data and Methodology - 112 Chinese people were involved and interviewed in Chinese horticulture industry who had participated in 2016 Hortiflorexpo IPM Beijing. Online questionnaire survey was additionally conducted with 533 Chinese living in Korea and China. The Conjoint Analysis was conducted for region, age, and income group of respondents to estimate the relative importance of rose attributes evaluated by each population group and the utility derived from each attribute level. This process aimed to compare respective population groups for the relative importance and utility to derive implications for targeted marketing strategies. Results - The analysis finds that Chinese rose consumers prioritize rose color, followed by price, flowering stage, and flower size in purchasing roses. They prefer red roses most, followed by pink and then yellow. Moreover, they prefer larger roses, and relatively cheaper roses. The analysis reveals they prefer roses in their 20%-flowering stage to more than 40%-flowering stage. Conclusions - Establishing marketing strategies differentiated for each Chinese consumer group is critical in expanding Korean rose export. The analysis finds while Chinese consumers living in Beijing considered rose color and flowering stage more importantly than their counterparts in Shanghai, Chinese consumers living in Shanghai considered rose price and size more importantly than their counterparts living in Beijing. Therefore, establishing marketing strategies based on these attributes of preference in each region is necessary. Mid & low-income consumer groups considered price as the most important factor, and high-income consumer groups considered rose color as the most important one. It is, thus, important to focus on rose color when establishing a marketing strategy with targeting the high-income consumer group.