• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 1994

김치제조용 간절임 배추의 품종선정 및 장기간 저장법을 모색하기 위하여, 가을에 수확한 10종의 김장용 원료배추를 절임한 후 온도별로 저장하면서 이화학적 변화 및 생균수를 측정하여 그 저장성을 검토하였다. pH의 변화는 $0^{\circ}C$ 저장의 경우 녹탑 등 7종은 저장 21일째에도 거의 변화가 없었으나, 신기원, 큰여름, 노란맛 등 3종은 큰 폭으로 저하되었다. $10^{\circ}C$의 경우는 거성과 큰여름을 제외한 모든 품종이 저장 7일째 pH $4.21{\sim}4.95$로 저하되었다. 총산함량의 변화는 $0^{\circ}C$ 저장의 경우 대부분의 품종이 저장 32일까지도 거의 변화가 없었으나, 가락신1호, 신기원, 노란맛은 초기의 3배까지 증가하였다. $10^{\circ}C$의 경우는 저장 41일 이후부터 몇 품종을 제외한 대부분이 0.6% 이상을 나타내었다. 총균수의 변화를 보면 $0^{\circ}C$의 경우 노란맛이 다른 품종에 비하여 높게 나타났고, $10^{\circ}C$의 경우는 거의 모든 품종이 저장 7일째 최고균수로 증가하였다. 유산균수의 변화는 총균수의 변화와 비슷한 양상을 나타내었다. 저장 절임배추로 김치를 제조하여 관능검사를 실시한 결과 $0^{\circ}C$ 처리구는 큰여름이, $10^{\circ}C$ 처리구는 신기원이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2009

Carrageenan is a naturally-occurring sulfated polygalactan which has been widely used in the dairy industry and a gelling agent in non-dairy products. In this study, four short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays were investigated to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of carrageenan. The mutagenicity of carrageenan was evaluated up to a maximum dose of 5 mg/plate in Ames test. There was no increase in the number of revertant colonies compared to its negative control at any dose in all of strains tested. To assess clastogenic effect, the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells. Carrageenan was not considered to be clastogenic in this assay at up to the highest feasible concentration which could be evaluated. The in vitro comet assay and micronucleus test results obtained on L5178Y cells also revealed that carrageenan has no genotoxicity potential, although there was a marginal increase in micronuclei frequencies and DNA damage in the respective micronucleus and comet assays. Taken together, our results indicate that carrageenan was not genotoxic based on four in vitro genotoxicity results.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.18.1-18.27
• /
• 2024

Mastitis is one of the most widespread infectious diseases that adversely affects the profitability of the dairy industry worldwide. Accurate diagnosis and identification of pathogens early to cull infected animals and minimize the spread of infection in herds is critical for improving treatment effects and dairy farm welfare. The major pathogens causing mastitis and pathogenesis are assessed first. The most recent and advanced strategies for detecting mastitis, including genomics and proteomics approaches, are then evaluated. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, potential research directions, and future perspectives are reported. This review provides a theoretical basis to help veterinarians select the most sensitive, specific, and cost-effective approach for detecting bovine mastitis early.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find out and advocate the intake of vitamin A and C rich foods in Korean people. Forty kinds of vitamin A and C rich foods were selected by the vitamin quantity in 100g edible portion. in single serving size. and by the 1997 national food supply data. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The vitamin A rich foods 1) The food sources of vitamin A presented in the middle and high school home economics textbooks were liver. egg/egg yolk. milk/dairy products. and green and yellow vegetables. etc. 2) The vitamin A rich foods by 100g edible portion ere in order of red pepper(dried). laver(dried). carrot. meat edible viscera. eel. etc. And the vitamin A rich foods by the vitamin A content in single serving size were in order of carrot. eel. meat edible viscera. water shield. red pepper(dried). etc. 3) The vitamin A suppling foods according to the 1997 national food supply data were in order of red pepper(dried). meat edible viscera. laver. carrot. etc. The green and yellow vegetables. fish and shellfish. and seaweeds were the most important sources of vitamin A in Korean. 2. The vitamin C rich foods 1) The food sources of vitamin C presented in the textbooks of middle and high school were strawberry. citrus fruits. and vegetables such as spinach. chinese cabbage. radish. crown daisy. etc. 2) The vitamin C rich foods on the basis of the vitamin C content in 100g edible portion were in order of sweet pepper. goose berry. citron. strawberry. water shield. etc. And the vitamin C rich foods by the quantity in single serving size were in order of strawberry. goose berry. citron. sweet pepper. lemon. etc. 3) The vitamin C suppling foods according to the 1997 national food supply data were in order of chinese cabbage. radish. citrus fruits. strawberry. etc. Not only vegetables and fruits but also seaweeds like dried laver and sea mustard were the most important source of vitamin C in korean.

• 복식
• /
• 제65권8호
• /
• pp.95-109
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this Study is to understand Supsin (shoes for dead) in late Chosun dynasty through records and excavated relics. The research records in this study were two types which one was official records as The Annals of The Chosean Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄), Dairy of the Royal Secretariat(承政院日記) ets and the other was private records as Korean literary collections of confucian scholars in classical chinese(文集) ect. as for relics use two types of materials that one is the excavated supsins and the other is Research Reports of Excavated Costumes published from museums. Through the Collections, we can notice that shoes were several types which Wunhae(雲鞋), Danghae(唐鞋) Onhae(溫鞋) Wunli(雲履), Taesahae(太史鞋) in Chosun dynasty. these were worn in different ways according to wearer's gender, the social status, daily life or rituals, inside or outside in palace. Wunhae and Wunli was the most ceremonial shoes for man and Onhae was the most ceremonial shoes for woman. the dead man worn the Wunhae or Wunli for Supsin and the dead woman worn Onhae. we could see they use the most ceremonial shoes for supsin. through the records, we could see the change that Women's Supsin was written for the first time in 18th Saraepyenram(四禮便覽). men's Supsin was recorded as '履', while Women's Supsin was recorded as '鞋' in Saraepyenram. the reason for making difference between man and woman in costumes(男女有別). and the excavated Supsin showed that the dead worn more ceremonial shoes than records. these changes mean one of the results for making korean style rituals from chinese style(國俗化).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권9호
• /
• pp.1507-1519
• /
• 2020

Objective: The current research was aimed to profile the transcriptomic picture of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) associated with immunity in Chinese Holsteins supplemented orally with coated folic acid during the periparturient period. Methods: The total of 123 perinatal cows were selected for this study and divided into three groups; group A (n = 41, 240 mg/500 kg cow/d), group B (n = 40, 120 mg/500 kg cow/d) and group C (n = 42, 0 mg/cow/d) based on the quantity of folic acid fed. Three samples of PBLs were selected from each folic acid treated group (high, low, and control) and RNA sequencing method was carried out for transcriptomic analysis. Results: The analysis revealed that a higher number of genes and pathways were regulated in response to high and low folic acid supplementation compared to the controls. We reported the novel pathways tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, antigen processing and presentation, Staphylococcus aureus infection and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B signaling pathways) and the key genes (e.g. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, TNF receptor superfamily member 1A, cluster difference 4, major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta, NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha, and TNF superfamily 13) having great importance in immunity and anti-inflammation in the periparturient cows in response to coated folic acid treatment. Conclusion: Collectively, our study profiled first-time transcriptomic analysis of bovine lymphocytes and compared the involved cytokines, genes, and pathways between high vs control and low vs control. Our data suggest that the low folic acid supplementation (120 mg/500 kg) could be a good choice to boost appropriate immunity and anti-inflammation as well as might being applied to the health improvement of perinatal dairy cows.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 1997

The Nara Dynasty of Japan lasted from 710 to 784 A.D, which corresponds to the period of the Unified Shilla Kingdom of Korea. The Nara Dynasty enacted the 'Daiho Law and Ordinance' by referring to those of Tang Dynasty of China. Under these legal systems, the Ministries were defined, and foods were used for paying taxes or as currency. The characteristics of the dietary culture in Nara Dynasty were as follows. 1) They obtained food from rice and other grain farming, hunting and fishery. Rice was their main staple and was also used for preparing porridge and brewing wine. 2) Under the influence of Buddhism, meat was prohibited, and milks or dairy products were supplemented for improving malnutritional status. 3) They also used seasonings, spices and sweeteners to enhance the taste and produced medicines by extracting plants, animals and minerals. 4) While chopsticks were made of bamboo, willow, silver, shell, tree or bronze, such utensils as pan earthenware steamer, or charcoal pots were used for preparing meals. 5) Highly qualified utensils, made of porcelains painted with lacguetr, metal, glass, horn and stone, were produced as handcraft art wad developed. 6) Chinese style cousines and cooking methods were popular and various types of preserving techniques like drying or salting were used. Processed cookies were also developed. 7) Although flour was used mainly among noble class people, ordinary people also used it. The royal families ate milk products a lot and even fried foods. 8) One can say that Buddism exerted an influence on Vegetarianism from this era.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권12호
• /
• pp.1961-1967
• /
• 2006

Levels of ethyl carbamate, a potential carcinogen produced naturally during fermentation, in major Korean fermented foods and alcoholic beverages were determined by GC/MS/SIM, and their average daily intake and excess cancer risk in Korean people were estimated. In GC/MS/SIM analysis n.d.-4.26, 1.40-58.90, n.d.-3.76, n.d.-1.87, and 0.40-10.07 $\mu$g/kg of ethyl carbamate were detected in kimchi, soy sauces, fermented pastes, fermented dairy products, and alcoholic beverages, respectively. The average daily intake of ethyl carbamate and excess cancer risk through major Korean fermented foods and alcoholic beverage consumption were 6.0 ng/kg bw/day and $3.0\times10^{-7}$, respectively for the average Korean person aged 3-64 years, and were mainly contributed by Chinese cabbage kimchi, soy sauces, and Soju.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.1527-1530
• /
• 2002

Factor analysis was applied to the phenotypic correlation matrix of 15 linear type traits (scored linearly 1 to 50 points) for 2035 Holstein cows of 38 sires computed from data collected between 1988 and 1992 in Beijing Shuangqiao Farm and Beijing Xijiao Farm. The 15 linear type traits were stature, body strength, body depth, dairy form, rump angle, rump length, rump width, rear leg side view, foot angle, fore udder attachment, rear udder height, rear udder width, udder cleft, udder depth and teat placement rear view. The first four components accounted for 49.1% of the total variance in type scores. Factor 1 reflected strong cows, with deep bodies, with long and wide rumps, and tall in stature. Factor 2 reflected cows with well attached fore udders, wide rear udders and whose udders were supported by strong suspensory ligaments with close teat placement. Factor 3 reflected cows with good dairyness, sickled in the hocks, high rear udders and udder floors above the hocks. Factor 4 reflected cows with sloping rumps from hooks to pins and with steep foot angle. Principal component and factor analyses are useful to clarify the relationships among type traits.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.202-218
• /
• 2015

Many countries have introduced new imported food safety measures, following the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. This study was conducted to evaluate the measures contents and effects on food trades values. Eight percent of members were notified the introduced measures to the World Trade Organization. The measures' contents were banning imports, enhancing inspection and adding certification requirement. The covered regions were some prefectures, entire Japan or all affected countries. European Union introduced a measure that subjecting foods originating from 12 prefectures to import at designated ports with required certification. The measures were amended 8 times until March 2014 to apply listed foods from 15 prefectures. The trade value of fishery products and miscellaneous foods were affected. Australia introduced a measure that required additional inspection of dairy, fishery and plants products from 13 prefectures with subsequent amendments. The trade value had no effect in tested foods. Chinese Taipei introduced a temporary import ban for all foods from 6 prefectures. Trade values for fruits were affected. The United States issued an import alert for detention without examination for listed prefectures and goods without introducing new measures. Although no specific products were affected, trade values for all foods were affected.