• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.391-412
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• 2010

As traditional import regulations have decreased all over the world in recent decades, the usage of "unconventional" trade protection measures has grown in the developing countries. In particular, antidumping investigations have risen rapidly and have growing in India and China. Therefore, this thesis aims to provide countermeasures to our government and Korean exporting companies by studying characteristics of antidumping. India is one of the most frequent initiators of antidumping cases by protecting their industries and impeding imports from FTA. This year, economic exchanges of Korea and India will be increasing by the conclusion of CEPA. This will lead to the increase of dispute by import regulations. Under such circumstances, to decrease Indian antidumping cases Korea will respond as follows. i)If antidumping laws, system and practice of India have injustice or are different from WTO rules, our government will have to indicate injustice and actively urge Indian government to make corrections. For example, they are continuous bilateral contact about the problems, fallacy of calculation of dumping margin, and intense investigations into cause and effect relationship and losses in dumping market, ect. ii)Our government should give more support to the small and medium exporting company which have difficulties in dealing with trade conflicts, counseling, arbitrating a lawyer. iii)Our government which is in control of domestic trade relief system should strengthen its investigation ability about new regulations and moniter import regulations of India. Over the long time, Korean companies need to export competitive advantage items of a higher value-added business and build solidarity by technology transfer. Accordingly, that will result in the decrease of trade dispute in India.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was conducted to explore the contemporary perception of traditional Korean medical doctors (TKMDs) on traditional Korean medicine (TKM) policies and issues. Methods: A questionnaire that included traditional medicine policy- and treatment-related issues was sent to 130 TKM medical centers and 4,300 TKM local clinical offices in Korea, and received responses from total 648 TKMDs in 122 TKM medical centers and 465 TKM local clinical offices. Results: Of the responding TKMDs, 40% believed that unification of Western and traditional medicines would benefit both modes of medical treatment, 67.6% were against allowing Chinese doctor certification to be effective in Korea through the Korea-China FTA (Free Trade Agreement), and 57.8% believed that the number of TKMDs should be reduced. We also found that 46.1% of TKMDs believed that more lectures on Western medicine would be needed in schools of TKM. Moreover, 87.5% of respondents regarded medical knowledge as necessary for treatment, and 49.4% believed National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Traditional Medicine (NCCAOM) would be not necessary. TKMDs regarded governmental efforts as more vital than education in schools or individual efforts for enhancement of the traditional medical care market in Korea. To efficiently provide the advantages of complementary CAM, such as cost and safety, detailed research is required when policy is made. Conclusions: The TKM industry must implement policies how the relationship with Western medicine can be better defined under the current dual medical system. On the issue of human resources, more research will be needed on the current policy, which serves to maintain the status quo by blocking the importation of Chinese practitioners and by reducing the number of new practitioners.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.123-156
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• 2004

Settlement of investment disputes is quite different from that of commercial disputes arising from ordinary commercial transactions in view of disputing parties, applicable laws and rules, etc.. Therefore, it is very important to consider the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States(Washington Convention) of 1965. The creation of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes(ICSID), which was established under the Washington Convention, was the belief that an institution specially designed to facilitate the settlement of investment disputes between governments and foreign investors could help to promote increased flows of international investment. Pursuant to the Washington Convention, ICSID provides facilities for the conciliation and arbitration of disputes between member countries and investors who qualify as nationals of other member countries. Recourse to ICSID conciliation and arbitration is entirely voluntary. However, once the parties have consented to arbitration under the Washington Convention, neither can unilaterally withdraw its consent. Moreover, all Contracting States of the Washington Convention are required by the Convention to recognize and enforce ICSID arbitral awards. Provisions on ICSID arbitration are commonly found in investment contracts between governments of member countries and investors from other member countries. Advance consents by governments to submit investment disputes to ICSID arbitration can also be found in many bilateral investment treaties including the Korea-China Agreement on the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments(1992), the Korea-Japan Agreement for the Liberalization, Promotion and Protection of Investment(2003) and the Korea-Chile FTA, the latter was signed as of February 15, 2003 and is still pending in the National Assembly for its ratification. Arbitration under the auspices of ICSID is similarly one of the main mechanism for the settlement of investment disputes under the bilateral treaties on investment. Therefore, it is a problem of vital importance that Korean parties interested in investment to foreign countries should understand and cope with the settlement mechanism of investment disputes under the Washington Convention and bilateral investment treaties.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to help improve the management of traditional Korean medical(TKM) clinics and the policies for supporting them, by conducting a survey of the practitioners of TKM. Methods Stratified sampling was conducted based on regional location, and 700 samples were selected in a random manner from the membership list. The questionnaire was delivered and returned by mail. The survey was conducted between 20 July and 31 August 2010. A total of 177 questionnaires (recovery rate: 25.28%) were recovered and analyzed for the study. Results 1. The the survey indicate that the overall size of TKM clinics has fallen compared with previous survey, while the average number of beds per clinic has remained unchanged at 7.9. The sale of medicine as a proportion of total monthly sales has increased. 2. There has been no change in the composition of clinical staff as there are three nursing assistants. Although the average daily number of patients to clinics has remained at around 33.90 compared with ten years ago, the number of patients requiring seeking acupuncture treatment has increased while the number of those treated with medication has decreased. 3. Clinicians in TKM have indicated their preference for a binary system that separates TKM from western medicine (57.4%). The respondents do not favor the separation of dispensary from medical practice (81.5%), marks of origin for medicinal herbs (68.9%), disclosure of the prescriptions (67.2%), and the overseas expansion of Korean medical services (70.4%). However, they indicated that they are very much in favor of being granted the authority to employ and give orders to medical technicians (96.0%). 4. The respondents selected Korea as the country that maintains a proper academic system for traditional medicine (45.5%), and are not in favor of opening Korea's traditional medicine market under an Free Trade Agreement(FTA) with China (72.7%). Conclusion The overall status of the management of TKM clinics has declined compared with the preceding decade. There has been only a slight change in clinicians' opinion of the related policies and regulatory issues.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2010

광엽 제초제로 사용되는 fomesafen은 미국 및 중국 등에서 두류 및 과수의 광엽 제초제로 사용되고 있으나, 국내에서는 미사용 농약이며, 잔류허용기준 및 분석법이 확립되어 있지 않다. 최근 FTA 등으로 외국에서 수입되는 농산물 중 fomesafen에 대한 안전성 검토가 필요하나, 국내 식품공전 상에는 fomesafen의 분석법이 확립되어 있지 않다. 본 연구는 HPLC-UVD/MS를 이용하여 농산물 중 fomesafen의 잔류 분석법을 확립하고자 하였으며, 대상 농산물은 현미, 콩, 사과, 배추 및 고추를 선정하였다. 농산물 시료에 acetone을 가하여 추출된 fomesafen 성분을 dichloromethane 액-액 분배법과 Florisil 흡착크로마토그래피법으로 정제하여 HPLC-UVD/MS 분석대상 시료로 하였다. Fomesafen의 정량적 분석을 위한 최적 HPLC 분석 조건을 확립하였으며, 정량한계(LOQ)는 0.04 mg/kg 이었다. 각 대표 농산물에 대해 정량한계, 정량한계의 10 및 50배 수준에서 회수율을 검토한 결과 모든 처리농도에서 87.5~102.5% 수준을 나타내었으며, 반복 간 변이계수(CV)는 최대 7.7%를 나타내어 잔류분석 기준인 회수율 70~120% 및 분석오차 10% 이내를 충족시키는 만족한 결과를 도출하였으며, LC/MS SIM을 이용하여 실제 농산물 시료에 적용하여 재확인 하였다. 이상의 결과로 신규 fomesafen의 HPLC-UVD/MS 분석법은 검출한계, 회수율 및 분석오차 면에서 국제적 분석기준을 만족하는 신뢰성이 확보된 정량 분석법으로 사용가능할 것이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2006

인삼 한 뿌리 생산하지 않는 홍콩은 국제 인삼시장의 중심지 역할을 하고 있다. 전 세계 인삼 수출의 70% 이상을 취급하면서 또한 이를 주변 국가로 재 수출하여 국가의 부를 창출하여 왔다. 이러한 홍콩 국제 인삼시장에서 한국산 고려인삼의 시장 점유율 하락으로 고려인삼의 존재가 점점 희박해지고 있다. 이에 홍콩 국제 인삼시장에서 한국산 고려 인삼과 다른 나라 인삼의 수입 현황을 분석하였다. 한국산 고려인삼이 다른 나라 삼에 비해 비싸게 팔리는 것으로 파악하였다. 그리고 홍콩 인삼 수입수요 분석에서는 한국산 고려인삼의 수입물량과 수입가격 변수가 홍콩 국제 인삼시장에서 다른 나라 인삼수입에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되어 졌다. 이는 한국산 고려인삼이 홍콩 국제 인삼시장에서 중요한 역할을 한다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 중요한 역할 에 비해 홍콩으로 한국산 고려인삼 수출 물량의 감소는 안타까운 일이다. 홍콩 국제 인삼시장으로 한국산 고려인삼의 수출 확대에 다시 한번 우리 모두 지혜를 모아야 할 때이다. 분석 결과처럼 한국산 고려인삼의 수출가격이 중요한 변수이므로 다양한 가격 전략에 따른 수출 마케팅 전략이 수립 되어야 한다. 더 나아가 적극적인 수출 마케팅 전략으로 고려인삼의 우수성을 꾸준히 홍보하며 객관적인 효능 연구 자료도 발표하여야 한다. 인삼 한 뿌리 생산하지 않는 홍콩이 국제 인삼시장의 물류 중심지이고 인삼 한 뿌리 생산하지 않은 스위스 제약회사 파마톤(지금은 독일 베링게 인겔하임) 의 연간 인삼제품 세계 수출액이 적어도 1억불 이상으로 고려인삼 종주국인 우리나라 인삼 총 수출액보다 많음을 다시 한번 생각해야겠다. 그리고 향후 WTO/DDA 협상이나 FTA 협상에 따른 험난한 파고에 우리 민족의 유산인 고려인삼을 어떻게 지켜 나갈 것인가를 우리 인삼인들이 모두 함께 고민해야할 문제이다.