• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.285-304
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were finding out some methods about development of oversea agriculture in Korea. It is a tough task that faces us now. China is a big agricultural country, most agricultural investment country and the nearest located in Korea. So this study researches on the quality of farmers and characters of rural human resources in China. In China, agriculture industry is the basic industry among national economy developments. The majority of populations in China are living in rural region. Agriculture, villages and farmers are main issues in China. From this point, An analysis of Chinese farmers' characters and qualities; general conditions of farmers' knowledge of science and technology, their education level, quality of minds and sprit, and rural public health service situation in China. The result of this study is following; First, Chinese farmers' factors that low education level, big cultural differences between cities and country sides affect the development of China's agriculture as obstruction factors. Second, Practice conditions of farmers' science knowledge and technology are low level, output of higher rural human resources, low quality of minds and sprit and problems of agricultural extension service. It is negative influenced of agriculture and farmers economic development in China. Third, unsociable culture of the peasantry influences Chinese farming in the negative ways. Also, conventional notions of family are getting weaker, it makes connection of the kinship weaken. But, Chinese think that this kind of kinship is the most important thing in their life. Fourth, in the case of situations that the farmer's sanitation and health, low level of the medical service is getting worse than before relatively. And there are a lot of discordances between a planned childbirth policy and personal recognitions. Also, lacking of nourishment makes labor productivity falling tendencies. The medical industry falls short of the standard as compared to the number of farming people. Fifth, in the peasantry's consciousness of the legal system, this causes difficulties to farmers in the market. Shortage of the legal knowledge exerts a bad influence upon rural economy.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.161-162
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• 2006

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.1386-1390
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• 2002

In aiming to identify the genes or genetic regions responsible for quantitative traits, a swine reference population had been constructed using three Large White boars and seven Meishan dams as parents. Five $F_1$ males and 23 $F_1$ females were intercrossed to generate 147 $F_2$ offspring. Thirty-one microsatellite markers covering Sus scrofa chromosomes (SSC) 2, 4, 6 and 7 were genotyped for all members. Construction of genetic microsatellite maps was performed using the CRIMAP software package. The lengths of these chromosomes were longer than MARC maps. They were 158.6cM, 180.3cM, 197.3cM and 171.4cM, respectively. A two modified orders of markers were observed for SSC6 and SSC7. The female map on SSC6 was shorter than male map, and the contrary was on SSC 2, 4 and 7.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2019

Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is a soil borne pathogenic fungus associated with wheat roots. The accurate quantification of gene expression during the process of infection might be helpful to understand the pathogenic molecular mechanism. However, this method requires suitable reference genes for transcript normalization. In this study, nine candidate reference genes were chosen, and the specificity of the primers were investigated by melting curves of PCR products. The expression stability of these nine candidates was determined with three programs-geNorm, Norm Finder, and Best Keeper. $TUB{\beta}$ was identified as the most stable reference gene. Furthermore, the exopolygalacturonase gene (ExoPG) was selected to verify the reliability of $TUB{\beta}$ expression. The expression profile of ExoPG assessed using $TUB{\beta}$ agreed with the results of digital gene expression analysis by RNA-Seq. This study is the first systematic exploration of the optimal reference genes in the infection process of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 1999

Three barrows weighing 45.0 kg, fitted with simple T-cannulas in both the duodenum and terminal ileum, were assigned to diets in a $3{\times}3$ Latin Square design experiment to determine the effect of two calcium levels (0.8% vs 0.4%) on phytase activity and nutrient balance in growing pigs. The control diet contained 0.8% calcium, with no added inorganic phosphorus (0.45% total phosphorus) and no added phytase. The two additional experimental diets contained microbial phytase (750 phytase units/kg) and supplied either 0.8% or 0.4% calcium. With added microbial phytase, ileal and total tract digestibility of rotal phosphorus were improved by 20.9 and 13.8 percentage units, respectively (p=0.01). The apparent duodenal and ileal digestibility of phytate phosphorus were increased by 51.8 and 49.7 percentage units (p=0.01). Lowering dietary calcium in the presence of microbial phytase increased the digestibility of phytate phosphorus by an additional 10.9 (p=0.001) and 5.7 percentage units for duodenal and ileal digestibility, respectively. Supplementation with microbial phytase significantly reduced fecal excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus and increased the percentage of these nutrients retained by the pig. Lowering dietary calcium further increased the percentage of dietary phosphorus retained. Overall, reducing dietary calcium appeared to increase the effectiveness of added microbial phytase in degrading phytate phosphorus. As a result, care should be taken to avoid high levels of dietary calcium when supplementing swine diets with microbial phytase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2009

Mammal microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) can conjugate many toxic or carcinogenic substances and depress oxidative stress. In this study, Chicken MGST1 and its variants were cloned for the first time and were composed of 956 or 944 nucleotides. The 12 nt deletion in the exon 2 did not alter the GT-AG rule and the ORFs for the two MGST1 variants were the same, which both comprised 465 nucletides and encoded a peptide with 155 amino acids. It was found that the two different splice variants identified using RT-PCR expressed in all three organs investigated of Dwarf Brown Chicken, namely liver, spleen and shell gland. Moreover, the expression level of MGST1 mRNA in the liver of Dwarf Brown chickens was the highest (p<0.01), and there were no significant differences between the spleen and the shell gland. These results provide a base for studying the biological function of Chicken MGST1.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2013

Apple ring rot disease, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex. Fr) Ces. et de Not., is one of the most important diseases on apple fruits. In this study, strain 9001 isolated from healthy apple fruits from an infested orchard was evaluated for its biocontrol activity against apple ring rot in vitro and in vivo. Strain 9001 showed obvious antagonistic activity to B. dothidea YL-1 when plated on potato dextrose agar. Soaking healthy apples in the bacterial suspensions of strain 9001 prior to artificial inoculation of fungal pathogen resulted in a dramatic decrease in disease incidence when compared to the control. Moreover, either field application in the growth season or postharvest treatment of apples from infected orchards with bacterial suspensions of strain 9001 resulted in significantly reduced disease incidence within the storage period for 4 months at room temperature. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and the gyrA gene, strain 9001 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. These results indicated that B. amyloliquefaciens 9001 could be a promising agent in biocontrol of apple ring rot on fruit, which might help to minimize the yield loss of apple fruit during the long postharvest period.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.169-183
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• 2020

Nigrospora is a monophyletic genus belonging to Apiosporaceae. Species in this genus are phytopathogenic, endophytic, and saprobic on different hosts. In this study, leaf specimens with disease symptoms were collected from host plants from the Shandong Peninsula, China. The fungal taxa associated with these leaf spots were studied using morphology and phylogeny based on ITS, TEF1, and TUB2 gene regions. In this article, we report on the genus Nigrospora with N. gorlenkoana, N. oryzae, N. osmanthi, N. rubi, and N. sphaerica identified with 13 novel host associations including crops with economic importance such as bamboo and Chinese rose.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.236-242
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• 2001

(No Abstract, See Full-text)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.319-321
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• 2001

In general, it is difficult to control weeds, diseases and insects with no chemical material in large scaled cultivation. Particularly, it is nearly impossible for a temperate country with a lot of rain such as Japan or Korea, to make organic agriculture on a large scale. Are there any possibilities to develop a large scaled organic agriculture in the world\ulcorner In Xinjang where is located in the central Asia, established Shihezi Agricultural and Environmental Institute for Arid Area of Central Asia three years ago in Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, for improving crop production in arid area. One of the main objectives is to establish organic agriculture in Xinjiang, with using suitable conditions for agriculture.