• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2012

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(ATCC 53103) is one of the best researched probiotic strains in the world. Studies in children have shown that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG effectively prevents early atopic disease in patients with high risk. The active molecules associated with the immunostimulatory sequence and anti-allergy effects of L. rhamnosus GG have not yet been identified. Unmethylated CpG motifs in bacterial DNA have a mitogenic effect in mouse immune cells, CpG-containing ISS oligodeoxynucleotides are potent Th1 adjuvants, effective in both preventing and reversing Th2-biased immune deviation in allergy models. The genomic DNA of L. rhamnosus GG is a potent inducer of murine B cell and dendritic cell immunoactivation. In L. rhamnosus GG genomic DNA, ID35 shows high activity in ISS assays in both mice and humans. The effects of ID35 result from a unique TTTCGTT motif located at its 5'-end, and its effects are comparable with murine prototype CpG 1826. L. rhamnosus GG is known to secrete proteinaceous pili encoded by the spaCBA gene cluster. The presence of pili structures may be essential for its adhesion to human intestinal mucus, explaining the prolonged duration of intestinal residence of this bacterium, compared to that of non-piliated lactobacilli.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to analyse: 1) the clinical effectiveness and safety of traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) and frequency of TKM therapies used and their relationship with conventional treatments. Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 6-78 months (n=126). The children who used herbal medication for >30 days or acupuncture treatment >12 sessions within 6 months were defined as the integrated rehabilitation (IR) group; the remaining participants were included in the conventional rehabilitation (CR) group. Results: Changes in the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66) were greater in the IR group (6.4±6.1) than in the CR group (4.6±5.8). The reduction in the number of other health problems was greater in the IR group than in the CR group. The GMFM-66 improvement was greatest in gross motor function classification system level 1. There was no between-group difference in the frequency of rehabilitation therapy (10.9±6.6 and 12.0±9.9 in the IR and CR groups, respectively). Conclusion: TKM may offer additional benefits in terms of the GMFM-66 score and other health problems. However, there is a need for further randomized controlled trials involving a restricted CP type and a controlled treatment type and intensity to confirm these findings.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of using a horseback riding simulation on static balance in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: This study was conducted with 30 children with cerebral palsy at levels I~IV in the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), who were randomly divided into a control group and a hippotherapy group. Both the control group and the experimental group received NDT for 30 minutes per session, four times per week, for ten weeks, while the experimental group also received hippotherapy, 15 minutes per session, four times per week, for ten weeks, after the neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT). The horseback riding simulators JOBA (JEU7805, Panasonic, 일본) used in this study simulated actual horse movements; static balance was measured in each group before the exercise and five weeks and ten weeks after the beginning of the exercise using a pedoscan system (Diers Pedo, Germany). Results: The intergroup effects on static balance were tested, and the results showed no significant differences (p<0.05). Conclusion: The horseback riding simulation exercise was shown to be effective for the static balance of children with cerebral palsy. Therefore, additional studies should be conducted with more children with CP divided according to type.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

목적: 4~17세의 소아 및 청소년을 대상으로 굴절이상과 안광학 성분간의 상관관계를 연구하여 한국인의 소아 굴절이상에 대한 이해를 높이고자 한다. 방법: 2010년 10월부터 2011년 2월까지 서울 소재 안과 병원에 내원한 교정 시력이 0.7 이상으로 4~17세인 124명(230안)을 대상으로 조절마비 굴절검사 또는 현성 굴절검사를 실시하여 축적된 의무기록 데이터를 바탕으로 하여 등가구면 굴절력으로 굴절상태를 조사하고 IOL Master를 이용하여 안광학 성분을 측정하였다. 결과: 굴절이상도와 안광학 성분의 상관관계 연구에서 굴절이상도는 AL/CR(axial length/corneal radius) 비와 -0.92 음의 상관관계(p=0.00)를, 안축의 길이와는 -0.80 음의 상관관계(p=0.00)를, 전방 깊이와는 -0.35음의 상관관계(p=0.00)를, 각막 굴절력과는 -0.11 음의 상관관계(p=0.12)를, 각막 곡률반경과는 +0.11 양의 상관관계 (p=0.11)를 보였다. 안축의 길이는 AL/CR 비와 +0.84 양의 상관관계(p=0.00)를, 전방 깊이와는 +0.47 양의 상관관계(p=0.00)를, 각막 굴절력과는 -0.38 음의 상관관계(p=0.00)를, 곡률반경과는 +0.38의 양의 상관관계(p=0.00)를 보였다. 각막 곡률반경은 각막 굴절력과 -1 음의 상관관계(p=0.00)를, AL/CR 비와는 -0.19 음의 상관관계(p=0.00)를, 전방 깊이와는 -0.06 음의 상관관계(p=0.39)를 보였다. 각막 굴절력은 AL/CR 비와 +0.19 양의 상관관계(p=0.00)를, 전방 깊이와는 +0.06 양의 상관관계(p=0.39)를 보였다. 전방 깊이는 AL/CR 비와 +0.53 양의 상관관계(p=0.00)를 보였다. 결론: AL/CR 비는 안광학 성분들과 밀접한 상관관계가 있으며 눈의 굴절이상을 예측하는데 AL/CR 비가 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.262-271
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 뇌성마비아동의 대동작기능이 재활 낮병동 프로그램을 통한 효과를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구대상자는 경직성 뇌성마비아동 57명으로 최근 6개월 사이에 보톨리눔 독소나 수술적 병력이 없는 아동을 대상으로 하였다. 대동작기능 측정(GMFM)와 대동작기능 분류체계(GMFCS)를 기능적 변화와 기능적 수순에 대한 평가를 실시하였으며, 낮병동 프로그램은 8주로 이루어졌다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 낮병동 프로그램 적용을 통한 치료 전 후 대동작기능의 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.001). 둘째, 연령별 운동발달은 1-2세, 3-4세 뇌성마비아동이 5-6세 뇌성마비아동보다 사후검정 결과 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 대동작기능 분류체계(GMFCS) 수준l에 따른 대동작기능 측정(GMFM)의 유의한 차이를 보였는데(p<.05), 특히 경도와 중등도 뇌성마비아동이 중증도 뇌성마비아동보다 유의한 차이를 보였다. 낮병동 프로그램은 뇌성마비아동의 대동작기능의 운동발달에 효과적이며, 경도, 중등도와 4세 이하의 뇌성마비아동에게 조기 중재가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌성마비 아동의 작업수행기술에 인지 기반 작업수행(Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance; CO-OP) 그룹 중재가 효과가 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 연구 방법 : 연구 선정기준에 부합하는 뇌성마비 아동 3명을 대상으로 2021년 4월부터 6월까지 진행하였으며, 연구 설계는 단일실험연구 ABA를 적용하였다. 기초선 기간(A) 3회기, 중재 기간(B)은 10회기(주 1회, 60분/회), 재기초선 기간(A') 3회기로 구성하여 실시하였다. 중재 전후 비교를 위한 평가로는 운동발달평가, 시지각 평가, 일상생활 동작 평가를 시행하였으며, 매회기의 수행의 질을 평가하기 위해서 수행의 질 평가척도를 사용하였다. 결과 : 3명의 대상자 모두 3가지 공통 목표 활동(양치질하기, 색종이 접기, 옷 입고 벗기)에서 작업수행의 질이 향상되었다. 또한 시지각, 대 운동과 소 운동, 일상생활 동작 평가 점수도 향상되었다. 결론 : CO-OP 그룹 중재가 전 학령기 및 학령기 뇌성마비 아동의 학업 전 기술 및 작업수행 향상에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2021

PURPOSE: Robotic gait training is being used increasingly to improve the gross motor performance and gait speed. The present study examined the effectiveness of a novel end-effector type of robotic gait training (RGT) system on standing, walking, running, and jumping functions, as well as the gait speed in children with spastic cerebral palsy. METHODS: Eleven children with spastic cerebral palsy Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-III (6 males; age range, 15.09 ± 1.44 years) were examined. They underwent 24 sessions (30 minutes/sessions, one time/day, three days/week for eight consecutive weeks) of RGT. The Gross Motor Function Measure-88 D domain (GMFM D), and GMFM E were assessed with a pretest and posttest of RGT. The setting was a one-group pretest-posttest design. RESULTS: A comparison of the pre-test and post-test show that the outcomes in post-test of GMFM D (p < .01), GMFM E (p < .05), and 10MWT were improved significantly after RGT intervention. CONCLUSION: The present study provided the first evidence on the effects of an eight-weeks RGT intervention in participants with spastic CP. The outcomes of this clinical study showed that standing performance, locomotion function, and gait speed increased in after 24 sessions of the end-effector RGT system in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권7호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2021

Here we describe the neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (birth weight ≤1,500 g) at 3 years of age in the Neonatal Research Network of Japan (NRNJ) database in the past decade and review the methodological issues identified in follow-up studies. The follow-up protocol for children at 3 years of chronological age in the NRNJ consists of physical and comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessments in each participating center. Neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI)-moderate to severe neurological disability-is defined as cerebral palsy (CP) with a Gross Motor Function Classification System score ≥2, visual impairment such as uni- or bilateral blindness, hearing impairment requiring hearing amplification, or cognitive impairment with a developmental quotient (DQ) of Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development score <70 or judgment as delayed by pediatricians. We used death or NDI as an unfavorable outcome in all study subjects and NDI in survivors using number of assessed infants as the denominator. Follow-up data were collected from 49% of survivors in the database. Infants with follow-up data had lower birth weights and were of younger gestational age than those without follow-up data. Mortality rates of 40,728 VLBW infants born between 2003 and 2012 were 8.2% before discharge and 0.7% after discharge. The impairment rates in the assessed infants were 7.1% for CP, 1.8% for blindness, 0.9% for hearing impairment, 15.9% for a DQ <70, and 19.1% for NDI. The mortality or NDI rate in all study subjects, including infants without follow-up data, was 17.4%, while that in the subjects with outcome data was 32.5%. The NRNJ follow-up study results suggested that children born with a VLBW remained at high risk of NDI in early childhood. It is important to establish a network follow-up protocol and complete assessments with fewer dropouts to enable clarification of the outcomes of registered infants.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.601-607
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• 2019

Pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF) a fistulous connection between the pancreas and pleural space due to prolonged chronic pancreatitis (CP). PPF is a very rare complication which presents in 0.4% of chronic pancreatitis cases, especially among children. We report a case involving a 3-year-old boy who presented with pleural effusion caused by a PPF, a complication of hereditary pancreatitis, which was, for the first time in Korea, successfully managed with endoscopic treatment. Chest radiography and computed tomography showed massive pleural effusion. Percutaneous catheter drainage was performed. High amylase levels were observed in the pleural fluid and serum, suggesting PPF. The patient was managed with bowel rest and octreotide infusion. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed CP, and pleural effusion was successfully managed with stent placement. PRSS1 genetic screening revealed R122H mutation.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2023

Background: Despite the fact that aquatic exercise is one of the most popular alternative treatment methods for children with cerebral palsy (CP), there are few research regarding its effectiveness. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aquatic exercise on upper extremity function and postural control during reaching in children with CP. Methods: Ten participants (eight males and two females; 4-10 years; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II-IV) with spastic diplegia were recruited to this study. The aquatic exercise program consisted of four modified movements that were selected from the Halliwick 10-point program to enhance upper extremity and trunk movements. The participants attended treatment two times a week for 6 weeks, averaging 35 minutes each session. The Box and Block Test (BBT), transferring pennies in the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test (BOT), and pediatric reaching test (PRT) scores were used as clinical measures. Three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to collect and analyze kinematic data. Differences in BBT and BOT values among pre-treatment, post-treatment, and retention (after 3 weeks) were analyzed using a Friedman test. In addition, the PRT scores and variables (movement time, hand velocity, straightness ratio, and number of movement units) from the three-dimensional motion analysis were tested using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The significance level was established at p < 0.05. When the results appeared to be statistically significant, a post-hoc test for multiple comparisons was performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: All clinical measures, which included BBT, transferring pennies of BOT, and PRT, were significantly increased between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores and between pre-intervention and retention scores after treatment (p = 0.001). Three-dimensional motion analysis mostly were significantly improved after treatment (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Aquatic exercise may help to improve body function, activity, and participation in children with varying types of physical disabilities.