• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to explore the level of children's anxiety related to disease characteristics The subjects of this study were 72 childrens (6year-10 year) who were admitted to the pediatric wards at University Hospital and 24 healthy children, and 24 mothers of children with fatal & chronic illness. The data were collected with sarason's Anxiety scale for children & spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory for mothers and analyzed of One way Anova, Duncun Test, Pearson correlation, and T-test. The results of this study were as follows : 1) There was significant difference in children's anxiety related to disease characteristics(P<0.01) Fatally ill children showed highest level of anxiety and chronically, acutely ill children in order. And there was no significant difference in anxiety between acutely ill children and healthy children. There was significant difference in anxiety between groups of ill and healthy children(P<0.01) .The anxiety of ill children was higher than that of healthy children. 2) There was no significant correlation between children's anxiety and their age. 3) There was no significant difference in children's anxiety related to frequency of hospital admission. 4) There was significant correlation between children's anxiety and duration of illness(P<0.01). The longer the duration of illness is, the higher children's anxiety is. 5) There was significant difference in mothers' anxiety between groups of fatally ill and chronically ill children(P<0.05). The anxiety of mothers of fatally ill children was higher than that of mothers of chronically ill children. 6) There was no significant correlation between children's anxiety of fatal and chronic illness and their mothers' anxiety.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.169-182
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of the screen media time of young children on the relationship between mothers' reasons for allowing young children to use screen media and their children's ability to regulate screen media. The participants consisted of 614 children aged 5-6 (312 boys and 302 girls), and all the survey questions were answered by their mothers. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping analysis were employed to analyze the data using SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 8.6. The results were as follows. First, mothers' educational and ritualized reasons for allowing young children to use screen media and children's screen media time directly affected young children's ability to regulate screen media. Second, children's screen media time mediated the relationship between mothers' educational and ritualized reasons for allowing their children to use screen media and children's ability to regulate screen media. When mothers permitted their children to use screen media for educational purposes, their children were likely to spend less time on screen media usage which, in turn, increased their ability to regulate screen media. Conversely, the more mothers allowed their children to use screen media for ceremonial purposes, the more time their children spent on screen media and the less ability they had to regulate screen media usage. These outcomes suggest that, to improve children's screen media regulation ability, mothers must not routinely allow their children to use screen media and should manage their children's screen media time.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

This study examines the relationship among children's smart device immersion tendency, children's self-regulation, and pro-social behavior as well as investigates the mediating effect of self-regulation between children's smart device immersion tendency and pro-social behavior. Participants were composed of 263 4-year-old children attending kindergarten in Incheon and Gyeonggi province. Data were analyzed by means of Pearson's correlation coefficients in SPSS, the structural equation model and bootstrapping in AMOS. The results are as follows. First, there is a statistically meaningful relationship among children's smart device immersion tendency, self-regulation, and pro-social behavior. There is a negative correlation between children's smart device immersion tendency and children's self-regulation as well as pro-social behavior; however, there is positive relationship between children's self-regulation and pro-social behavior. Second, children's smart device immersion tendency had a direct effect on children's self-regulation. In addition, children's self-regulation indicated a direct effect on children's pro-social behavior. Third, children's self-regulation was found sufficient to mediate the relationship between children's smart device immersion tendency and pro-social behavior. The results indicate that the effort to increase children's self-regulation may decrease the negative effect toward children's pro-social behavior caused by smart device immersion tendencies.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-132
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to explore the parenting experiences of mothers of disabled children. The study focused on how mothers of disabled children prepared for their children's transition to elementary school and how they experienced their children's adjustment to school. Twenty mothers of children with developmental or intellectual disabilities participated in the study. Each mother had experienced an inclusive education program at an elementary school for more than a year. Twelve mothers have children with intellectual disabilities and eight have children with developmental disabilities. Individual in-depth interviews were carried out to collect qualitative data. To analyze the data, the research followed the phenomenological analysis method of Giorgi. The results showed that mothers of disabled children were actively involved with inclusive day care centers and therapy programs to prepare for children elementary school. Most wished to send their children to a general elementary school with an inclusive program, although decision making was not easy. When their children entered elementary school, some mothers observed their children's struggle with school and their peer relationships. They sought support from teachers and other mothers. These mothers showed a desire for their children's social independence. This study highlighted the necessity to develop support programs for disabled children and their mothers.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese parents' reaction to their children's negative emotions and how these reactions relate to their children's understanding of emotions. Forty-two Chinese children (aged 4) and their parents participated in this study. Coping with Children's Negative Emotion Scale was given to parents to assess their reaction to their children's negative emotions. Children's emotional understanding was assessed using the modified emotional false-belief task and mixed emotion task. The results showed that Chinese parents gave supportive reactions more than non-supportive reactions to their children, and no difference in sex was found. The percentages of correct answers to false-belief task and mixed emotion task were low with no gender difference in both tasks. When age and sex of children were controlled, only fathers' supportive reactions to children's negative emotions significantly explained the variances in the level of children's understanding of emotions in both tasks. That is, children whose fathers showed greater supportive reactions to their negative emotions performed better at both tasks. It was concluded that fathers' supportive reactions to their children's negative emotions are very influential for emotional understanding among 4-year-old children in China.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.255-272
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• 2010

This study explored pathways from mothers' beliefs to children's subjective well-being through children's private after-school activities and stress levels. A sample of 230 6th grade elementary school students (125 boys and 105 girls) in Seoul completed questionnaires on children's stress and subjective well-being. Their mothers responded to questionnaires on mothers' beliefs and children's private after-school activities. Data were analyzed by means of Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression analyses. Our results demonstrated that mothers' beliefs indirectly influenced children's subjective well-being through both children's private after-school activities and stress levels. Neither children's private after-school activities nor children's stress mediated between mothers' beliefs and children's subjective well-being. Mothers' beliefs also had a direct effect on children's subjective well-being. Significantly, both mothers' beliefs and children's stress played crucial roles in improving children's subjective well-being.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.133-144
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the mediation effect of value of children in the relationship between maternal parenting stress and ideal number of children and to verify whether perception of the adequacy of national public childcare facilities moderates this mediation relationship. Methods: For the analysis, the 6th year results (2013) from the Panel Study on Korean Children by the Korean Institute of Child Care and Education were used. The main subjects of the study were 1,611 mothers with children aged 60 - 66 months. Results: First, there was a partial mediation effect of mother's parenting stress influencing the ideal number of children through the value of children. Second, the enhancing effect of the perception of the adequacy of national public childcare facilities moderating the value of children and ideal number of children was verified. Third, perception of the adequacy of national public childcare facilities had enforcing effects moderating the value of children and ideal number of children and mediation effects moderating the influence of maternal parenting stress on ideal number of children through the value of children. Conclusion: Based on the results, it was confirmed that the expansion of national public childcare facilities is a factor strengthening the maternal intention of birth.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.37-52
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of mother's childrearing behavior, children's behavior problems, locus of control and peer victimization. The subjects were 360 children of 4th and 6th grade and their mothers. The instruments were Peer Victimization Scale, CBCL, Locus of Control Scale for Children, Childrearing Behavior Scale. The major findings of this study were as follows; (1) The type of peer victimization had a significant difference between girls and boys. That is, boys were more focused on overt victimization than girls. There was no significant gender difference in relational victimization, And there was no significant grade difference in overt and relational victimization. (2) Mother's rejection-restriction childrearing behavior, children's social withdrawal behavior problems, extemal locus of control predicted children's peer victimization. 24% of the variance of children's peer victimization was explained by these variables. (3) Mother's rejection-restriction childrearing behavior was the first contribution factor and had a direct and indirect effect through children's locus of control on children's peer victimization. And children's social withdrawal behavior problems was second contribution factor and had a direct effect on children's peer victimization. Children's locus of control had a direct and indirect effect through children's social withdrawal behavior problems on children's peer victimization. Mother's warmth-acceptance and permissiveness-nonintervention childrearing behavior had indirect effect through children's locus of control on children's peer victimization.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.149-163
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• 1995

This study investigated the relation between children's internal-external locus of control and social comtetency. The subjects of this study were 453 mothers and their children of third and sixth grades in the five elementary schools located in Seoul. The modified version of Nowicki and Strickland's CN-SIE(Locus of Control Scale for Children) was administered to asses the children's internal-external locus of control. To assess the children's social competency, questionaire developed by Lee Kyung Hee(1993) was used. The major findings of this study were as follows : 1) There was significant interaction between grade level and sex in children's locus of control. Significant difference was found in children's locus of control in terms of children's social status level. 2) Significant difference were found in children's social competency in terns of children's sex and social status level. 3) Children's social comtetency was positively related to the internal locus of control orientation. 4) The relation between children's internal-external locus of control and social competency for boys was greater than that for girls. The relation between children's locus of control and social competency was not influenced by children's grade level, but affected by children's social status level. Social status level was positively related to the relation of the two concerned variables.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.189-199
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• 2012

The interest and expenditure for children is increasing than in the past because the number of nuclear family is growing, the children's space is configured independently in most homes from infancy, therefore, the market of children's furniture is expanding in spite of the reduction in the population of children. There are not many products considering age, gender, and play behavior in children's furniture market in Korea. The bed, desk, chair, and closet for children under 2 years hold a large majority of children's furniture, there are not a lot of preschool children's furniture for the children aged 4 to 7. As the children aged 4 to 7 experience physical, emotional, and cognitive growth at the same time, the space configuration and furniture choice for these children is educationally very important. Therefore, in this study, we present the importance and necessity of playable furniture to promote the physical, social, emotional, linguistic, and cognitive development of the children aged 4 to 7 among preschool children. We found the concept and basic condition of playable furniture to collect the base data for developing playable furniture and provided the basic data for the development of an ideal playable furniture by comparing and analyzing the cases of 157 items of 14 domestic playable furniture companies and 365 items of 30 overseas in aspect of play functions, forms, materials and colors.